There are 5 kingdoms that classify all organisms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plants, and Animals. Organisms are classified into a hierarchical system with 7 main levels from broadest to most specific - kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The scientific naming of organisms uses binomial nomenclature, consisting of the genus and specific epithet.

1. NAMING &CLASSIFICATIONIn Life Science

2. There are about 380 000 different kinds of plants and about 2 million, of animalseach organism should have a precise, internationally recognized, NAME.

3. TAXONOMYConcerned with naming organisms and classifying them into groups is known as TAXONOMYTAXONOMY (based on structure) or SYSTEMATICS(based on evolutionary classification).

4. Levels of Classification-based on contributions of both Aristotle and LinnaeusThere are 7 levels of classification. Remember the first letter of this sentence:King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti.

5. 7 Levels of ClassificationKingdom broadest levelPhylum ClassOrderFamilyGenus Species most specific

6. The major classification levels,from most general to most specific (several of these have subdivisions)A group at any level is a taxon.

10. KINGDOM : Monera (BACTERIA)KINGDOM : Protista (AMOEBA)KINGDOM : FungiKINGDOM : PlantsKINGDOM : AnimalsTHE FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION

11. Swedish botanist Carl Linne (more popularly known as Linnaeus, after the common practice of the day which was to latinize names of learned men), attempted to pigeon-hole all known species of his time (1753) into immutable categories. Linnaean hierarchical classification was based on the premise that the species was the smallest unit, and that each species (or taxon) belonged to a higher category.

12. KingdomAnimaliaPhylumChordata ClassMammalia OrderPrimates FamilyHominidaeGenus Homospeciessapiens

14. BINOMIAL NAMINGFor international understandingMan in English is Hombre in Spanish, Herr in German, and Homo in LatinLinnaeus settled on LatinAn organism’s proper name is indicated by its generic name (the genus to which it belongs) followed by its specific name (its species).

15. When printed, these names always appear in italics; when typed or written by hand; they must be underlined (separately) and the generic name must being with a Capital letter; the specific name, with a small letterFor example, Felis leo; Felisdomestica

17. VIRUSESOn the borderline between living and non-living. Can only be seen with the electron microscope. No cell structure. Reproduce inside other organisms and cause diseases

18. BACTERIA KINGDOMmmCan only be seen with the high power of the light microscope. Consist of a single cell with a wall; no proper nucleus Occur in air, water, soil or inside other organisms. Many of them cause diseases

19. Prokaryotic Cell

20. PROTIST KINGDOMSome can be seen with the low power of the microscope. Consist of a singly cell. Some are plant-like and others are animal-like. Live mainly in water or inside other organisms.

21. Eukaryotic Cell

22. FUNGUS KINGDOMmConsistof fine threads which may be interwoven to form mushrooms or toadstools. Live in soil or inside other organisms, especially plants. Reproduce rapidly by spores Have no chlorophyll

23. PLANT KINGDOMMany-celled organisms, which contain the green substance chlorophyll and make their own food by photosynthesis.

24. How are plants organized?PLANTSVascularNonvascularSeedless PlantsSeed PlantsFerns & related plantsMosses & related plantsAngiospermsGymnosperms

25. Vascular Plantsplants that have tube-like cells in their roots, stems, & leaves that carry H2O and nutrientsVascular Plants-Vascular comes from the Latin word “vasculum” which means “vessel”

26. they lose their leaves like a pet sheds

27. roots, stems, and leaves of a plant are all called organsPLANT KINGDOMAlgaeSimple plants, which do not have roots, stems or leaves. Usually green, but sometimes brown or red. Live in water.

28. PLANT KINGDOMMosses and liverworts (Bryophytes)Have simple leaves or leaf-like form. Found mainly in damp places. Reproductive spores are formed in capsule.

29. 2 Main Types of Nonvascular PlantsA small simple nonvascular plant that has both stems and leaves…but NO ROOTS1) moss-Mosses are considered nonvascular and are grouped with liverworts because:a) their vascular (inner) tissue is very simpleb) they both have similar life cycles

30. PLANT KINGDOMFerns (Pleridophytes)Have proper roots and stems, and leaf-like fronds. Found mainly in damp places. Reproductive spores are formed on the undersides of the fronds.

31. Vascular Plants: Seedless (ferns)4 Parts of a Fern:roots-rhizoid-Frond-Fiddlehead-

32. PLANT KINGDOMConifers (Gymnosperms)Large plants with seed-bearing cones for reproduction. Good at surviving in dry or cold climates. Most of them keep their leaves throughout the year.

33. Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers)a type of seed plant that produces its seeds inside a coneConifer-2 main parts :embryo-An organism that contains a new young plant and stored food in its earliest stage of birthseed-A plant embryo that contains a new young plant and stored food surrounded by a protective coat

34. CONIFERS

35. Vascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers)a type of conifer that keeps its leaves all year longEvergreens-example: pine, spruce, & fir trees they lose their leaves like a pet sheds (not all at the same time)some lose their leaves in the fall only such as:

36. larch, dawn redwood, & bald cypressVascular Plants: Seed Plants (conifers)5 important facts about conifers1) ¾ of the worlds lumber is from conifers2) provide almost all of the worlds paper3) source of turpentine's, disinfectants, and fuel4) Provides food for many animals5) Provides shelter for many animals

37. Flowering plants (Angiosperms)Wide range of plants with seed-bearing flowers for reproduction. Seeds protected inside fruits.Range from small herbs to massive trees.Divided into dicotyledons and monocotyledons.

38. dicotyledonsSeed contains an embryo with two seed-leaves (cotyledons). Broad leaves with branched veins forming a network.

39. MonocotyledonsSeed contains an embryo with one seed-leaf (cotyledon).Narrow leaves with straight parallel veins.

41. The Animal KingdomGENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:Most complex of all kingdoms

42. Multicellular (made of many cells)

43. They obtain food from OUTSIDE SOURCES

44. They move from place to place to get food

45. They swallow their foodand they digest food inside the body.The Animal Kingdom- REVIEW INVERTEBRATE-An animal that does not have a backbone2) VERTEBRATE-An animal that has a backbone

46. 9 Phyla of the Animal kingdomPorifera 6) MolluscaCoelenterata 7) EchinodermFlatworms 8) ArthropodaRoundworms 9) ChordataSegmented worms

47. The Animal Kingdom Cont’dPorifera:Means “having pores”

48. Ex: spongesANIMAL KINGDOMCoelenteratesSimple body with tentacles and stinging cells.Live singly or in colonies, either attached or floating. May produce an external coating (e.g corals). Most live in the sea, a few in fresh water.

49. The Animal KingdomCoelentrata:Sac-like body

50. Have tentacles

51. Ex: hydras, jelly fish, coral, sea anemonesFlatwormsANIMAL KINGDOMBody longish and flat. Some live in fresh water, but most are parasites of animals.

52. 3 Phyla of Worms:Flatworms

53. Roundworms

54. Segmented wormsANIMAL KINGDOMRoundworms (Nematodes)Body long and thread-like, round in cross section. Some live in soil but most are parasites of plants or animals.

55. ANIMAL KINGDOMSegmented warms (Annelids)Body long and divided by rings into a series ofsegments. Most are aquatic (live in water), but some live in the soil. Some are external parasites.

56. MolluscsANIMAL KINGDOMBody soft and unsegmented, in most cases covered by a shell. Most are aquatic, some live on the seashore and on land.

57. Mollusca:Hard shell surrounding soft body parts

58. Live in water & damp places

59. Examples:

60. Snail, & Sea Scallop

61. Only a few do not have shells:

62. Octopus & Sea slugEchinodermsANIMAL KINGDOMBody based on a pattern of five parts and with a tough skin, often with spines. All live in the sea.

63. Echinoderms:Means “spiny-skin”

64. Star shaped

65. SpinyEx: Starfish & Sea Urchin

66. Arthropoda:Makes up 75% of the animal kingdom

67. Basic Characteristics:

68. hard external skeleton

69. segmented body

70. jointed legs

71. Ex: beetle, milli & centipede, spider, crabANIMAL KINGDOMPHYLUM ARTHROPODA (exoskeleton)

72. MyriapodsANIMAL KINGDOMLots of legs. One pair of antennae. Body long and clearly segmented. Live on land

73. CrustaceansANIMAL KINGDOMQuite a lot of legs. Two pairs of antennae

74. (feelers). Front part of body usually protected by a shield-like cover.

75. Mainly aquatic.ArachnidsANIMAL KINGDOMFour pairs of legs.No antennae.Mouthparts with pincers.Live on land; some are external parasites.

76. InsectsANIMAL KINGDOMThree pairs of legs. One pair of antennae Body divided into three parts: head, thorax and abdomen. Usually two pairs of wings

77. ANIMAL KINGDOMAnimals with backbones (vertebrates)

78. Chordata:Vertebrates