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ROOTS AND STEMS - BOTANY LAB SEMI FINALS
This document summarizes the structure and functions of plant roots. It describes the major zones of a root including the root cap, zone of cell division, zone of elongation and zone of maturation. It explains how roots uptake water and minerals through root hairs, and how roots sense gravity through auxin hormone distribution, allowing roots to grow downward. The document also briefly discusses root types such as storage roots, aerial roots, and root nodules. Additionally, it compares monocot and dicot root anatomy.
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ROOTS AND STEMS - BOTANY LAB SEMI FINALS
- 1. Roots Plant organsystems
- 2. What are theprimary functions of roots?
- 3. Fibrous and taprootsystems
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- 8. Root cap •Parenchyma • Perception of gravity
- 9. Zone of Maturation- cell differentiation Protoderm Ground Meristem Provascular Zone of Cell Elongation - cell expansion Notice how the growing zone has no root hairs or lateral roots! Growth among soil particles would result in shear forces. Zone of Cell Division - new cells by mitosis Root Cap - penetration, padding
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- 11. Gravitropism Root TipSenses Gravity Auxin Hormone Produced Auxin Accumulates on Lower Growth Inhibited on Lower… Relative to Upper Root Curves Downward Water and Mineral Uptake Root Hairs Increase Surface Area Root Hairs Secrete Acid (H+) H+ Cation Exchange w/Minerals Mineral Uptake into Roots
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- 18. Endodermis regulates mineral absorption
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- 28. Specialized roots •Storage roots
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- 32. Aerial roots –velamen (orchids)
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- 37. Parasitic roots •Witchweed
- 38. •Support •Conduction •Growth Stem functions
- 39. Vascular bundle arrangement of roots and stems Roots Stems Monocot Dicot
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- 41. Coleus stem vascularbundles
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- 43. Secondary growth ofdicot stems
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- 47. Annual rings ofphloem phloem fibers
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- 54. That’s a bigstem! • Baobab (Adonsonia digitata) grow up to 45 ft. in diameter
- 55. That’s a bigstem! Redwoods grow up to 350 ft tall; 30 ft. dia.
- 56. Bristlecone pines •Oldest organism – 4767 yrs. old