The document discusses different parts of speech including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. It defines each part of speech and provides examples. For nouns, it describes types like common nouns and proper nouns. For pronouns, it defines personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, and reflexive pronouns. Verbs are classified as finite, infinite, transitive, and intransitive. Adjectives modify other parts of speech, and adverbs describe verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. The document provides a detailed overview of the key elements and classifications of parts of speech in English grammar.

2.  It is a group of sentences
SENTENCES
 It is a group of words

3.  It is a name of person, place or thing
 E.g.
 Boy ,city or chair etc.
 This is a boy
 We live in a city
 It is a chair

4.  There are two categories of noun
 Countable noun
 Those nouns which can be counted
 Examples
 I bought Sunday’s all paper

5.  Those noun which cannot be counted
 Examples
 Book is made of paper
 Gold is a precious metal

6.  Uncountable noun consist of:
 Material noun:
 Metals, substances etc.
 Abstract noun:
 Personification
 Collective noun:
 Plural (when verified)
 singular

7.  There are five types of noun
 Common noun:
 Boy, city, pen etc.
 Proper noun:
 Quaid-e-Azam, Ravi, Lahore etc.
 Collective noun:
 Army ,Team ,Jury etc.

8.  Abstract noun:
 Quality: honesty ,truth ,wisdom etc.
 Action : laughter ,judgment etc.
 State: childhood ,death ,sickness etc.
 Material noun:
 Iron ,gold ,milk, copper etc.

9.  It is a word that is use in place of noun
 EXAMPLES
 He is a boy
 She goes to school
 He bowls Anwar

10.  There are six types of pronoun
 Central pronoun
 Reciprocal pronoun
 Demonstrative pronoun
 Relative pronoun
 Interrogative pronoun
 Indefinite pronoun

11.  There are three types of pronoun
 Personal pronoun
 Possessive pronoun
 reflexive pronoun

12.  Personal pronoun
 Personal pronoun represents people or thing
 Personal pronoun consist of
 Subjective personal pronoun
 Example
 You are happy
 They won the match
 Objective personal pronoun
 Examples
 Sana knows her
 Haider gave him the letter

13.  Personal pronouns are
 I
 we
 You
 He
 She
 It
 They

14.  Possessive pronoun
 A pronoun used to express possession of
 ownership
 Examples
 This book is mine
 This garden is ours

15.  Possessive pronouns are
 Mine
 Our, Ours
 Your, Yours
 His
 Her, Hers
 Its
 Their, Theirs

16.  Reflexive pronoun
 We use reflexive pronoun when the
subject and object refer to same person
 Examples
 I cut myself
 Sana hurt himself
 She scratches herself

17.  Reflexive pronouns are
 Myself
 Ourselves
 Yourself
 Himself
 Themselves
 Oneself

18.  A pronoun used to talk about mutual
relationship
 Examples
 We give each other gift during the holidays
 Henna and Sana hate each other
 The students congratulated one another
after giving speeches

19.  Reciprocal pronoun are
 Each other
 One another

20.  A demonstrative pronoun points out the
object to which it refers
 Examples
 This is very yummy!
 These are the most comfortable
 That is not mine
 Bring me those

21.  Demonstrative pronouns are
 This
 These
 That
 Those

22.  A relative pronoun refers to same noun
going before it
 Examples
 The boy that stole my pencil is absent
 I wrote a letter to my friend who lives in
Lahore
 This is the book which I want to buy

23.  Relative pronouns are
 Who
 Whom
 Whose
 Which
 Where
 That
 why
 when

24.  Such pronouns are used to ask questions
 Examples
 What can I give you?
 Whose are these books?
 Whom do you wish to marry?
 Interrogative pronouns are
 Who
 Whom
 Whose
 How

25.  Those pronoun that are not definite in
meaning or used to denote unlimited
persons or things
 Examples
 Anything is possible if you believe
 Some are born great
 One must do one’s duty

26.  Indefinite pronouns are
 Everybody
 Anybody
 Some all
 One
 None
 Each
 Every
 Few

27.  There are four types of indefinite pronoun
 Types
 Universal indefinite pronoun
 Positive assertive pronoun
 Negative assertive pronoun
 Non assertive pronoun

28.  All the words using all , each and every are
known as universal indefinite pronoun
 Examples
 All the students present in the class
 Each of us has a book
 Every one of Pakistani is brave

29.  All the sentences using some, half, both,
one, complete is known as positive
assertive indefinite pronoun
 Examples
 Some achieve greatness by hard work
 One must take care of one’s results

30.  Paucal
 The word little,
less, least are
paucal and
uncountable
 Examples
 There is a little
water in the jug
 Mutal
 The words a few,
fewer, fewest are
mutal and
countable
 Examples
 There is a few
drops of water

31.  All the sentences using neither, no one,
nothing, none are known as negative
assertive indefinite pronoun
 Examples
 Neither of us pass the examination
 None of the girls is married
 Nothing is so sweet as honey

32.  All the sentences using somebody,
nobody, everybody, either is known as non
assertive indefinite pronoun
 Examples
 Either my two sisters is beautiful
 Every body listen to me

33.  A verb is a word that express an action or
a state of being
 Examples
 Hamid writes
 Saleem goes
 Haider is a good boy

34.  There are two categories of verb
 Finite verb
 In finite verb
 Finite verb
 A verb which shows time or limited by
number, person, and tense of the subject and
have present and past form is act as finite
verb
 Examples
 Haider plays the cricket
 We have written letters

35.  Infinite verb
 A verb which is not show time and not limited
by number, person and tense of the subject is
act as infinite verb
 ANOTHER DEFINATION
 All the verb containing ing and 3rd form are called
infinite verb
 Example
 we try to sing
 He ate bread
 He ate a burnt bread

36. FEATURES OF FINITE
VERB FEATURES OF INFINITE VERB
 Tense contrast
 Number concord
 Person concord
 Used as independent
clause
 Have do support
 Used in different
moods
 No Tense contrast
 No number concord
 No person concord
 Not used as
independent clause
 Does not have do
support
 Does not used in
different moods

37.  ING FORM  3RD FORM
 Not used as main verb
 Present participial is
used
 Incomplete or
continuous action
 Not used as an adjective
 Example
 He ate bread
 He wrote with a pen
 Used as main verb
 Past participial is used
 Complete or finished
action
 Used as an adjective
 Example
 He ate a burnt bread
 He wrote a written letter

38.  There are four types of verbs
 Primary verb (auxiliary verb)
 Single transitive verb
 Double transitive verb
 Intransitive verb
 Primary verb
 A verb which helps other verbs to form different
tenses
 Examples
 He does his duty well
 He has a lot of ideas
 Auxiliary verbs are
 Has, have, be, do (all its form) shall, can, must
(all its form)

39.  Single transitive verb
 The verb which demands one or more objects
for its clarification
 Example
 Ali took a pen
 The winner received a prize
 Your brother sent a message
 Note
 Fixed preposition is required for single
transitive verb

40.  Double transitive verb
 The verb that demands two or more than two objects
for its clarification
 Examples
 we grow crop
 They fly a kite
 They are boiling a water
 Intransitive verb
 The verb that demands no object for its clarification
of its meaning (state ,feelings, emotions)
 Example
 The cats mew
 Crops grow
 A kite flies

41.  It is a word used to modify the meaning of
all parts of speeches expects noun and
pronoun
 Example
 He walk slowly
 He writes very rapidly
 KINDS OF ADVERB
 There are three kinds of adverb
 Simple adverb
 Interrogative adverb
 Relative or conjunctive adverb

42.  Simple adverb consist of
 Adverb of time
 Adverb of time are: now, then, since, ago, soon
 Example
 I hope to come soon
 He died two years ago
 Adverb of place
 Adverb of place are: here, there, in, out, within,
hence
 Example
 You may go there
 We went inside the room and found nothing

43.  Adverb of number
 Adverb of number are: firstly, twice, thrice,
seldom, often, thirdly, etc.
 Examples
 He failed thrice
 He seldom comes to my house
 Adverb of manner
 Adverb of manner are: amiss, well, ill, as,
probably conveniently etc.
 Examples
 She worked carefully
 He did his work slowly but surely

44.  Adverb of quantity
 Adverb of quantity are: very , too, almost, little, half,
much
 Examples
 He is almost, but not quite, the cleverest boy in the
class
 He therefore left the school
 Adverb of negation
 Adverb of negation are: not, never
 Example
 He is no enemy
 I do not know him
 I have never heard him

45.  Interrogative adverb
 Such adverb that use to ask questions(how,
why, when)
 Example
 How carefully does he play?
 Where does he live?
 relative or conjunctive adverb
 Such adverbs that are used to combine two
sentences(when, where)
 Examples
 I cannot tell you when he will come
 I do not know where he kept my book