This is the English gammer ppt Certainly! English grammar is the system of rules and conventions that govern the structure and use of the English language. It includes principles for how words are formed, how sentences are constructed, and how meaning is conveyed through syntax, punctuation, and morphology. English grammar covers various aspects such as parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.), sentence structure (subject-verb agreement, word order), tense and aspect, punctuation, and more. Understanding and applying grammar correctly is crucial for effective communication in both spoken and written English.

1. Parts of Speech
ENGLISH GRAMMAR ESSENTIALS

2. Understanding Parts of Speech
 Is just the name given to a word
- based on the job that it does
in a sentence.
 Think of parts of speech – as like –
job titles.
 Just like a person can be a teacher
or a doctor or a lawyer…
 A word can be a verb, an adjective,
a noun etc… depending on the job
it does in a sentence.

3. An overview
Part of Speech Its Job
Noun Name given to a person, place, animal, thing, feeling, idea
Pronoun Replaces a noun
Adjective Gives information – noun or a pronoun
Verb Action / state
Adverb Gives information – a verb, adjective or another adverb
Preposition Shows relationships in time, place and position
Conjunction Helps to connect two sentences and ideas
Interjection Helps us to show sudden emotion / exclamation

4. Verbs
Eg: Sheena dances three
times a week
I am an engineer
Talking about physical action Not about physical action.
‘am’ is a state / situation
Verbs are probably the most important
words in the English language.
For 2 reasons…
1. Every sentence in English must have
a verb.
2. Only verbs have tenses (that’s how
we talk about different time and
state / a situation)

5. Nouns
Name given to person, place, animal, thing, feelings and idea
For eg: Rosie went to Malta on vacation with her family last year
Rosie Name of a person
Malta An Island in Europe
vacation Name given to the trip taken
family Group of people
year 365 days

6. Kinds of Nouns
Concrete and
Abstract
Concrete - everything you can experience with
your five senses: smell, touch, sight, hearing, or
taste.
A strawberry milkshake that tastes sweet and feels
cold
Abstract – These are ideas and feelings.
We cannot touch or see.
Honesty is the best policy.
Common and
Proper
Common - generic name for a person, place, or
thing in a class or group.
Proper - name of a particular person,
place, or thing and that usually begins
with a capital letter.
Collective nouns names for a collection or a number of people or things
Countable and
Uncountable
Countable – can be counted in numbers
books, bottles, chairs etc…
Uncountable – that cannot be counted in
numbers.
Air, water, coffee, salt, sugar, love, anger,
advice…

7. Common and Proper nouns
man Devi Prasad
woman Julia Roberts
city Bangalore
country India
university University of Bangalore
company Google
restaurant McDonald
religion Buddhism
language Indian / Italian
day Friday
month December
All common nouns in small
letters
All proper nouns in Capital
letters.

8. Collective Nouns examples players team
employees Staff
students Class
criminals Gang
Soldiers Army
onlookers Crowd
wolves Pack
bees Swarm
Keys Bunch
Shoes Pair
stairs flight
Knowing collective nouns makes your communication
stylish

9. Countable Nouns Un countable Nouns
We use a/ an / plurals We do not use a/an – no plurals
We use units of measurement – pounds, kilograms,
ounces, liters
To ask questions – How many? How much?
For small numbers - few A little

10. Pronouns
Replaces noun / pronoun takes the place of a noun.
How does it feel if you read something like this? Raj is in the movies with Raj’s girlfriend. Raj
really enjoys spending time with Raj’s girlfriend.
Subjective pronouns – I, you, we, they he, she, it Objective pronouns – me, you, us, them, him,
her, it ,his

11. Adjectives
Gives information about a noun / pronoun
‘They drive an amazing big red sports car.’ Car is the noun
If you look at sentence closely – all adjectives are answering to questions like:
What color? What size? What type? etc
Adjective “amazing” gives your opinion about the car
‘A/ an / the’ are called Articles. They are also adjectives because they give information about the
nouns that come after them.

12. Adverbs
Adverbs gives information about a verb, adjective and an another adverb
An adverb usually answers questions like: When? Why? How? In what Way? etc.
Eg. “Yesterday evening, we walked somewhat slowly in a very beautiful garden”
Yesterday – evening Shows us when the action happened
slowly Shows us how the things happened
Beautiful How the garden is
Notice you can ask further question – how slowly did you walk? How beautiful the garden was…
‘Somewhat’ (informs about an adverb) and ‘very’ (informs about an adjective)

13. Prepositions
Prepositions are words like : In, on, at, by, from, with, before, besides, after
etc.
These words help us to show relationships in time, place and position
e.g. I’ll see you at the office on Monday At shows place/ position, ‘on’ shows the
time

14. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words like “and, but, or, so, because etc.
They help to connect sentences and ideas
“Clara and Jasmin are best friends”
I didn’t go school today (result) because I don’t feel very well ( reason)
Because is a conjunction. You can also say – “I don’t feel very well today so I didn’t go to school”.

15. ‘As’
 In the English language, the word “as”
can be used for a variety of purposes.
 It can be used as a conjunction
,preposition, or adverb depending on
the context.

16. As
Conjunction
used to indicate that something
happens during the time when
something is taking place
• Peter watched her as she walked
through the crowd.
In comparison…
• They all felt as Dave did.
Because; since
• I must prepare now as I have to
go to school.
Preposition
to indicate the time of being, or the role
of a person or object.
• Lisa had been stubborn as a
teenager.
refer to the function someone or
something has.
• She got a job as a sales Manager.
during the time of being:
• Ram had often been sick as a child.
Adverb
the word “as” is also used to show
comparison or equivalence
Her hair is as soft as silk.
used in comparisons to refer to the extent or
degree of something
The world's biggest bull is as big as a small
elephant.

17. Interjection
Words that have no real meaning but they
help us to show sudden emotion or
exclamation.
Wow! Excitement, surprise or
amazement
Argh! Frustration. Anger –
like you are trying to
open a tight jar.
Oops / ouch / hey / hi ….etc.

18. A quick recap
Part of Speech Its Job
Noun Name given to a person, place, animal, thing, feeling, idea
Pronoun Replaces a noun
Adjective Gives information – noun or a pronoun
Verb Action / state
Adverb Gives information – a verb, adjective or another adverb
Preposition Show relationships in time, place and position
Conjunction Help to connect two sentences and ideas
Interjection Help us to show sudden emotion / exclamation