This document provides an overview of the eight parts of speech in English grammar: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. For each part of speech, examples are given and different types are defined, such as common vs proper nouns, transitive vs intransitive verbs, adverbs of manner vs time. The purpose of learning parts of speech is explained as building blocks for improving writing skills and understanding grammar.

1. In the name of Allah the Merciful, the Beneficent

3. I am withI am with
Sir Yasir Abbas BaigSir Yasir Abbas Baig
(My great teacher )(My great teacher )

4. Parts of Speech
MUHAMMAD QASIM NAZAR
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

5. Why We Learn Parts of Speech?

6. Why We Learn Parts of Speech?
They are the building
blocks of English
grammar.
Understanding and
applying a process is
learning to learn.
It is a foundation to
improve your
writing.

7. The Eight Parts of Speech
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
Prepositions
Interjections

8. NOUNS
 Names of
Persons,
Places,
Things,
Feelings,
Ideas,
Quality.
 Examples:
Person: Student , Teacher, Uncle,Student , Teacher, Uncle,
Mother, Gardener, Poet,Mother, Gardener, Poet, Musician,Musician,
Writer, ChildWriter, Child
Place: College, Home, Garden,College, Home, Garden,
Library, Beach, City, Park, ZooLibrary, Beach, City, Park, Zoo
Things: Apple, Game, Movie, Book,Apple, Game, Movie, Book,
Test, Homework, DinnerTest, Homework, Dinner
Feelings: Love , Hate, Excitement,ove , Hate, Excitement,
Enjoyment, AnxietyEnjoyment, Anxiety
Qualities: Beautiful, Hardworking,eautiful, Hardworking,
Honest, Pretty, TastyHonest, Pretty, Tasty

9. KINDS OF NOUN
COMMON NOUN:
Name of a general
or common thing,
place, person.
Examples:
Book, Boy, Girl,
City, Country,
Road, Shop, Pen,
Ink, House,
Machine, Ship,
Picture, Star.

10. KINDS OF NOUN
PROPER NOUN:
Name of a
particular thing,
place, person.
Note: A proper
noun always
begins with a
capital letter.
Example:
Prophet
Muhammad
(Sallallaho Alaihay
Wa Aalay Hee
Wasallam),
Allama Iqbal,
Minar-e-Pakistan,
Parker Pen.

11. KINDS OF NOUN
ABSTRACT
NOUN:
An abstract noun
is the name of
some quality,
state, action or
an idea.
Examples:
Quality:
Cleverness, Height,
Color
State:
Pleasure, Poverty,
Youth
Action:
Movement, Laughter,
Flight

12. KINDS OF NOUN
MATERIAL
NOUN:
A material noun
describes the
matter or
substance of
which things are
made.
Examples:
Gold, Wood,
Silver, Iron,
Mud, Sand

13. KINDS OF NOUN
COLLECTIVE
NOUN:
A collective noun
describes a group
or collection of
similar
individuals,
considered as one
complete whole.
Examples:
Furniture, Cattle,
Jury, Poultry,
Army.

14. KINDS OF NOUN
COMPOUND NOUN:
A compound noun is made upA compound noun is made up
of two or more nouns putof two or more nouns put
together to make a new word.together to make a new word.
These words can be separated,These words can be separated,
hyphenated, or simple joinedhyphenated, or simple joined
together.together.
The rule to remember is thatThe rule to remember is that
when two nouns are joinedwhen two nouns are joined
together, they form a newtogether, they form a new
word with a new meaning andword with a new meaning and
are called compound nounsare called compound nouns..
Examples:
Ceiling Fan
Table Tennis
WashingMachine
Swimming Pool
Body Building
Club
Video Cassette
Player

15. PRONOUN
PRONOUN:
A pronoun isA pronoun is
a word useda word used
instead of ainstead of a
nounnoun
Examples:
1- Paul gave Emily
stationery because he
wanted her to write to
him when she could.
2- Asim is a boy. He is
my friend. He does his
work regularly.

16. KINDS OF PRONOUN
PERSONAL
PRONOUNS:
The pronouns whichThe pronouns which
are used for threeare used for three
persons are calledpersons are called
Personal Pronouns.Personal Pronouns.
Examples:
I, We, You, He, She,
They, It etc.
First Person:
which denotes the person
speaking; as I, We.
Second Person:
which denotes the person
spoken to, as You,
Yourself.
Third Person:
which denotes the person
or things spoken of; as
He, She, They etc.

17. PERSON NUMBERS
Subjective
Case
Objective
Case
Possessive
Case
Reflexive
Case
1st
Person
Singular I Me My,Mine Myself
Plural We Us Our,Ours Ourselves
2nd
Person
Singular You You Yours Yourself
Plural You You Yours Yourselves
3rd
Person
Singular
He Him His Himself
She Her Her, Hers Herself
It It Its Itself
Plural They Them Their, Theirs Themselves

18. KINDS OF PRONOUN
RELATIVE
PRONOUNS:
A relative pronounA relative pronoun
relates to somerelates to some
noun or othernoun or other
pronoun goingpronoun going
before in thebefore in the
sentence.sentence.
Examples:
Who, Whom, Whose,
Which, That.
This is the girl who/that
came to my home.
The ground which we dig
will bear a fine crop.
Who came to my house?

19. KINDS OF PRONOUN
POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS:
The pronounsThe pronouns
which showwhich show
possessionspossessions
Examples:
My, Mine, Your,
Yours, His, Her,
Their, Its.
The pen is mine.
This is my pen.
These books are
theirs.
The car of yours is
green.

20. KINDS OF PRONOUN
DEMONSTRATIVE
PRONOUNS:
A demonstrativeA demonstrative
pronoun is used topronoun is used to
point out to somepoint out to some
noun going before andnoun going before and
used instead of it.used instead of it.
Examples:
This, These, Those, That,
One, None, Such.
This is my car.
I prefer a grey car to a
white one.
Bring me that book.
Such people as Mavia are
not trustworthy.

21. KINDS OF PRONOUN
INDEFINITE
PRONOUNS:
These pronounsThese pronouns
refer to persons orrefer to persons or
things in a generalthings in a general
way. They do notway. They do not
refer to any personrefer to any person
or thingor thing
specifically.specifically.
Examples:
Somebody, Someone,
Something, Somewhere,
Anybody, Anywhere, Anyone,
No One, Each, Every.
Many boys do not work hard.
Did you buy anything from
the market?
He is going somewhere next
year.
There is nobody at the door.

22. KINDS OF PRONOUN
INTERROGAT-
IVE
PRONOUNS:
An interrogativeAn interrogative
pronoun is thepronoun is the
one which asksone which asks
questions.questions.
Examples:
Who, Whom, Which,
What,
Whose, Where,
When.
What did he say?
Where did you go last
night?
Whose book is this?

23. KINDS OF PRONOUN
REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS:
““Self” or “Selves”Self” or “Selves”
form of a pronoun isform of a pronoun is
reflexive when thereflexive when the
action expressed byaction expressed by
the verb reflectsthe verb reflects
back upon theback upon the
subject and not tosubject and not to
any other person orany other person or
Examples:
Myself, Himself, Herself,
Yourself, Yourselves,
Ourselves, Themselves,
Itself, Oneself etc.
I should do my work
myself.
The cat seated itself.
You always help yourself
to make tea.

24. VERBS
The action
or “doing”
words in a
sentence.
Example:
The horse ran,
jumped and
kicked until it
threw the rider.

25. TYPES OF VERB
Transitive Verb:
A verb is
transitive, if the
action does not
stop with the
agent. It passes
from agent to
something.
Examples:
(i)-I stopped the
car.
(ii)-She told a
lie.
(iii)- She picked
a knife.

26. TYPES OF VERB
INTRANSITIVE
VERB:
A verb is
transitive when
the action stops
with the agent,
and does not pass
from agent to
anything else.
Examples:
(i)- The girl
weeps bitterly
(ii)- The sun is
shinning
(iii)- They slept.

27. TYPES OF VERB
LINKING VERB:
AA linking verblinking verb connects theconnects the
subject with a word that givessubject with a word that gives
information about the subject,information about the subject,
such as a condition or relationship.such as a condition or relationship.
They do not show any action; but,They do not show any action; but,
they link the subject with the restthey link the subject with the rest
of the sentence. For example, inof the sentence. For example, in
the sentence "They are athe sentence "They are a
problem," the word "are" is theproblem," the word "are" is the
linking verb that connects "they"linking verb that connects "they"
and "problem" to show theand "problem" to show the
relationship between the tworelationship between the two
words. These verbs can be calledwords. These verbs can be called
linking/copulas or copular .linking/copulas or copular .
Examples:
(i)- The eggsThe eggs
smellsmell rotten.rotten.
(ii)- I feel happy(ii)- I feel happy
(iii)- She became a(iii)- She became a
doctor.doctor.
(iv)- He seems(iv)- He seems
intelligent.intelligent.

28. TYPES OF VERB
HELPING VERB:
A verb which
connects the
subject with the
verb.
Examples:
(i)- Imran is
writing a letter.
(ii)- They are
eating mango.

29. ADJECTIVE
Describe or
modify only
nouns or
pronouns.
Example:
A big, red dump
truck hit a parked
little car and the
worried driver ran
to the other side of
the busy street.
I have a golden
chain.

30. ADVERB
Adds to the
meaning of
verbs,
adjectives, or
other
adverbs.
Examples:
She is a very
pretty girl.
He is running
slowly.
He is running very
slowly.

31. FORMS OF ADVERB
Answer the adverb
questions:
Where? (Adverb of
Place)
How? (Adverb of
Manner)
Why? (Adverb of
Reason)
When? (Adverb of Time)
Examples:Examples:
I go toI go to LahoreLahore..
I go to Lahore byI go to Lahore by busbus..
I go to Lahore by busI go to Lahore by bus
forfor shoppingshopping..
I go to Lahore by busI go to Lahore by bus
for shoppingfor shopping dailydaily..

32. PREPOSITIONS
A word that shows a
relation between a
noun/pronoun with a
verb or another
noun/pronoun is
called a Preposition.
Examples:
at, from, to, on, in,
into, onto, between,
under, over, against,
around, through
The man onon the busthe bus
withwith a hata hat onon hishis
headhead looked atat meme
and turned towardtoward
the windowthe window..
A book is theA book is the onon thethe
table.table.
He is workingHe is working
on/alongon/along the road.the road.
She isShe is fondfond of riding.of riding.

33. CONJUNCTIONS
Words used to connect
words or groups of
words or Words which
“hook together” words,
phrases, or sentences.
Examples:
When, as, if, since,
because, while, after,
although, before, and, so,
or, otherwise, but,
therefore, that, still, yet,
but, therefore, that, still,
yet, than.
He did not work
hard so he failed.
Return my lipstick
otherwise I shall slap
you.
The car stopped
before the truck.
If he works hard, he
will succeed.

34. INTERJECTIONS
Words which show
emotion.
In fact, an interjection is
not a part of speech
because it has no
grammatical connection
with any other word or
words in the sentence. It
is merely an exclamatory
sound, thrown into a
sentence to denote some
strong feeling or emotion.
An exclamation mark is
put after them.
Examples:
Hurrah! For Joy
Bravo! For
Approval
Oh! Ah! Alas! For Grief
etc.
Oh, I am surprised, but
please don’t do it again.
Ouch, you hurt me.

36. thanksthanks