This document provides an overview of pacemakers. It discusses when pacemakers are needed, such as for bradycardia or tachycardia. The basic parts of a pacemaker are described as a power source, pulse generator, and electrodes. The history of pacemakers is summarized, from early external models to implantable demand pacemakers and modern rate-responsive pacemakers. Diagrams of early pacemakers like the Hymans model and first implantable pacemaker are shown.

1. PACEMAKERS
SEMINAR BY
CB.EN.U4ECE11135
NALAM.TULASI HAAR
AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETAM

2. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN THE HEART

4. WHEN DO WE NEEDAPACEMAKER ???
• Bradycardia – a condition in which the heart beats too slowly –
less than 60 beats per minute
• Tachycardia – a condition in which the heart beats too fast –
more than 80 beats per minute
• Atrial fibrillation – the upper chambers of the heart beat rapidly
• Heart failure – a condition in which the heartbeat is not
sufficient to supply a normal volume of blood

5. WHAT ISAPACEMAKER
The basic parts :
• Power source
• Pulse generator
• Electrodes

7. UNIPOLAR AND BIPOLAR
•
+
Anode
Cathode
Anode
Cathode

8. HISTORY
• Hymans pacemaker-1932
• Implantable pacemaker-1958
• Demand pacemaker-1964
• Rate-responsive-

9. HYMANS PACEMAKER
• hand crank (F)
• spring motor (D)
• magneto-generator
(A)
• interrupter disc
• magnet pieces
(B’ and B”)
• impulse controller
(G)
• electrode needle
(L)
• neon lamp (C)

10. IMPLANTABLE PACEMAKER
• Pulse amplitude-10mA
• Rate-60 beats per min
• Current drain-12µA
• 10 mercury-zinc cells were
used
• Continuous operation 5
years

11. ECG
Turn-on period(t0)
Pulse period(t0-t1)
Relaxation period(t2)

12. DEMAND PACEMAKER

13. RATE-RESPONSIVE PACEMAKERS

15. BLOCK DIAGRAM

16. FUTURE PACEMAKER-WICS

17. TELEMETRY

18. References
• www.springer.com
• http://www.durofy.com
• https://wiki.engr.illions.edu
• http://www.medtronicfeatures.com

19. QUESTIONS ???

20. THANK YOU