A pacemaker is a small device that is implanted under the skin to help regulate an irregular or slow heartbeat. It senses the heart's rhythm and sends electrical signals to keep it beating at a normal pace. The first attempts to treat irregular heartbeats with electric shocks occurred in 1788. The first fully implantable pacemaker was developed in 1958. Modern pacemakers have leads that carry electrical signals from the generator to the heart and can adapt pacing to meet metabolic demands. Future technologies include pacemakers that are MRI-safe, have longer battery life, and can be monitored wirelessly.

1. HEART PACEMAKER
By:- Swapnil Patel

2. Presentation Topics
01
02
03
04
What is Heart pacemaker?
Historical timeline
Theory
Future Technologies

3. What is Heart pacemaker?
01

4. Heart Pacemaker
01
A pacemaker is a small, battery-operated device. This
device senses when your heart is beating irregularly or
too slowly. It sends a signal to your heart that makes
your heart beat at the correct pace.

5. Photo of pacemaker

6. Timeline of pacemaker
02

7. Timeline
1788
First attempts to
treat irregular
heartbeats with
an electric shock
02

8. Timeline
19321788
First attempts to
treat irregular
heartbeats with
an electric shock
A. Hyman invents
a hand-cranked
device and coins
the term “artificial
pacemaker”
02

9. Timeline
195819321788
First attempts to
treat irregular
heartbeats with
an electric shock
A. Hyman invents
a hand-cranked
device and coins
the term “artificial
pacemaker”
First use of a
fully implantable
pacemaker by
R. Elmqvist and
Å. Senning
02

10. Timeline
1982195819321788
First attempts to
treat irregular
heartbeats with
an electric shock
A. Hyman invents
a hand-cranked
device and coins
the term “artificial
pacemaker”
First use of a
fully implantable
pacemaker by
R. Elmqvist and
Å. Senning
A. Rickards
introduces
rate-modulated
pacemakers that
adapt the heart
rate to demand
02

11. Theory of Heart
pacemaker
03

12. Theory
Pacemakers may be used for people who have heart problems that cause their heart
to beat too slowly. A slow heartbeat is called bradycardia. Two common problems that
cause a slow heartbeat are sinus node disease and heart block. A pacemaker is impla
nted under the skin, just under the collarbone.
• The generator contains the battery and the information to control the heartbeat.
• The leads are wires that connect the heart to the generator and carry the electrical
messages to the heart.
03

13. Theory
Pacemakers consist of two components:
• Electronic pulse generator; contain the circuitry and batteries that determine the rate
(beat per minute) and the strength or output ( milliamperes) of the electrical stimulus
delivered to the heart .
• Pacemaker electrodes ( leads); which carry the impulse created by the generator to
the heart. 1. Endocardial leads. 2. Epicardial wires.
03

14. Theory
Uses a specially designed lead placed usually on the posterior-lateral wall of the LV
via the Coronary Sinus circulation.
• Provides RV and LV synchronous pacing.
• Provides a rate to support metabolic needs.
• CRT pacing only (Low-Power CRT)
03
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy-Pacing
(CRT-P) :-- Permanent pacemaker

15. Working of device

16. Future of Heart
pacemaker
04

17. Future
• Tracking device data and patient health through wireless remote monitoring systems.
• Models that are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-safe.
• Longer battery life and technology to help reduce pacing requirements to conserve
battery power.
• New data recording functionality to provide more information on patient health and
device status.
• The introduction of single-chamber, transcatheter-delivered, leadless pacemaker
systems.
04

18. References
• http://www.medtronic.com/us-en/about/news/micra-fda-
approval.html
• David Geselowitz, Dorin Panescu, Max Valentinuzzi, and Alex
Zapolansky of the STARS Editorial Board and the History Ce
nter staff of the IEEE History Center.
• https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007369.htm

19. Thank you