Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen, and may contain other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. They make up most of living things. Inorganic compounds do not contain carbon or hydrogen. Carbon forms four bonds and can link to itself to form chains or rings, allowing it to combine with other elements to form the basic structures of organic molecules. Functional groups attached to carbon skeletons give molecules different properties and include amino, carboxyl, and phosphate groups. The four main organic compounds for life are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Macromolecules found in living things are large polymer molecules formed from combining smaller subunits through polymerization.

1. Organic vs Inorganic

2. Organic Compounds Must contain Carbon and Hydrogen Can contain other elements as well, like oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus Make up most of our body weight

3. Inorganic Compounds Do not contain Carbon and Hydrogen

4. Hydrocarbons Only contain Carbon and Hydrogen NOTHING ELSE! CH 4 C 2 H 6

5. Why is carbon so important? Carbon has 4 valence electrons, so it can form 4 bonds It can bind with itself to form Carbon skeletons, rings or even long chains.

6. Functional groups Special groups that give molecules different properties Attach to carbon skeletons Examples: Amino, Carboxyl, Phosphate, Hydroxide

7. Four Organic Compounds of Life Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids

8. Macromolecules Large molecules found in living things Polymerization: When you combine smaller subunits to make a chain or polymer

9. Monomer

10. Polymer

11. Making and breaking chains To add or remove monomers from a chain a reaction must occur

12. Dehydration Synthesis The adding of monomers, to form a chain, by the removal of water.

13. Hydrolysis The addition of water to break down polymers