Slideshow about introduction in organic chem

1. _______________________
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LESSON 1

2. IMPACT OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE
Why organic chemistry is important?
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1. Organic Chemistry Studies
Chemical Reactions Occurring
Inside Living Beings
2. Organic Chemistry Is Essential for
Understanding Biochemical Principles and
Biotechnology (the use of living organisms
and various bioprocesses to create or modify
products)

3. IMPACT OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE
3. Organic Chemistry
Allows Scientists to
Create and Explore New
Chemicals
4. Organic Chemistry
Is Crucial for
Studying Earth
Sciences
5. Organic
Chemistry Plays
Key Role in
Medicine and
Pharmacy

4. IMPACT OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE
6. Organic Chemistry
Studies and
Synthesizes
Polymers
7. Many
Household
Chemicals Consist
of Organic
Compounds
8. Skincare and
Cosmetic Products
Contain Organic
Chemicals as Active
Ingredients

5. IMPACT OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE
9. Organic Chemistry
Contributes to the Production
of Perfumes and Fragrances
10. Gasoline and Diesel Fuel
Consist of Hydrocarbons,
Organic Compounds

6. Organic Chemistry defined
Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of carbon
compounds.
Carbon is singled out because it has a chemical diversity unrivaled by
any other chemical element. Its diversity is based on the following:
• Carbon atoms bond reasonably strongly with other carbon
atoms.
• Carbon atoms bond reasonably strongly with atoms of other
elements.
• Carbon atoms make a large number of covalent bonds (four).
• Curiously, elemental carbon is not particularly abundant. It does
not even appear in the list of the most common elements in Earth’s
crust. Nevertheless, all living things consist of organic
compounds

7. Early Beginnings of Organic Chemistry
18th century….
compounds
Inorganic
compounds
Organic
compounds
Sources: nonliving things
Rocks
Sediments
Waters
Sources:
Tissues or
remains of
living organisms

8. Early Beginnings of Organic Chemistry
It was therefore suspected that organic compounds
could be produced only by organisms under the
guidance of a power present exclusively in
living things.
vital force
theory
They cannot be prepared in
the laboratory.

9. Early Beginnings of Organic Chemistry
Middle of 19th century….
German Chemist
ORGANIC
COMPOUND
accidentally

10. Take note, there are compounds with Carbon but are

11. Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Compounds
Property Organic Inorganic
Flammable YES NO
Melting point LOW HIGH
Boiling point LOW HIGH
Solubility in water NO (for most) YES
Solubility in nonpolar liquids YES NO
Type of bonding COVALENT IONIC
Reactions occur between MOLECULES IONS
Atoms per molecule MANY FEW
Structure COMPLEX SIMPLER
electrolyte NO YES

12. CHEMICAL BONDING OD CARBON
Covalent bond - sharing electrons
Bonds are usually represented by a
short, straight line connecting
atoms with each bond representing a
shared pair of electrons
Carbon has four electrons, thus it
can form four covalent bonds
Each carbon atom in the following
compounds forms four bonds
Likewise, since the oxygen atom has an
oxidation number of -2, it forms two covalent
bonds, as shown in the following compounds.
Nitrogen, with an oxidation number of -3,
forms three covalent bonds

13. Structural Formulas
A structural formula shows the exact way in which the atom are connected to each other but a
molecular formula does not. You cannot tell the structure of a molecule from its molecular
formula.
Below are two possible structures of C2H6O

14. STRUCTURAL FORMULA
A structural formula shows the exact way in which the atom are connected to each other but a
molecular formula does not. You cannot tell the structure of a molecule from its molecular
formula.
Below are compounds with a molecular formula C2H6O
These compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
This illustrates the importance of using structural
ethyl alcohol dimethyl ether

15. ISOMERS
ISOMERS are defined as compounds having the same molecular formula but
different arrangement of atoms. example
C6H14
has 5 isomers
C6H12O6
has 16 different isomers

16. Three-dimensional arrangement of the bonds in the Carbon atom
Compounds represented by structural
formulas are three-dimensional and
not planar.
For example, each C has four bonds
attached to it.
Planar representation:
• C atom lies in at the center of the
tetrahedron
• the angle between the bonds is 109.5o
“tetrahedral shape”
Three-dimensional representation:

17. Bonding ability of Carbon
Carbon atoms
Aliphatic compounds
Cyclic
heterocyclic
continuous chain branched chain
Shape of rings

18. Allotropic forms of Carbon
diamond
graphite
• Clear, and is the
hardest known natural
substance known
• Formed over long
geologic time periods
when graphite is
subjected to extreme
underground
pressures
A soft, dark black
solid with good
electrical conduction
fullerenes
• Newly discovered
• Most common is C60
• Shape similar to soccer balls
Allotropes
• are defined as different structural forms of a single chemical element.
• these forms result from the different ways atoms can bond to one another

19. Thank you
Answer Performance Task 1
and Exercise 1
Questions?

20. References
https://chemistry-guide.com/reasons-why-organic-chemistry-is-important/#google_vignette
(Accessed date August 21, 2023)
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry (Accessed date August 21, 2023)
https://www.thoughtco.com/allotrope-definition-in-chemistry-606370 (Accessed date August 27, 2023)
https://sciencenotes.org/what-is-an-allotrope-definition-and-examples-in-chemistry/ (accessed date
August 27, 2023)