11. Hypertension
• Keith Wagner Classification
• Grade I – minimal constriction and irregularity of
arterioles
• Grade II – AV nipping
• Grade III – Flame haemorrhages and soft
exudates
• Grade IV – papilloedema, collection of hard
exudates radiating in a star shaped formation
• Fundal changes reflect severity of HTN, reversal
shows control
22. Uveitis
• Inflammation of the Uveal tract – iris, ciliary body and choroid
• Painful red eye
• Photophobia
• Blurred vision or floaters
• Cilicary circumcorneal injection
• Reduced acuity
• Sluggish or irregular pupil
• Iris details may be hazy
• Inflam cells on corneal endothelium
• Raised intraocular pressure
• Cataract in recurrent or chronic uveitis
• Rx reducing regimen of topical steroid (dexamethasone 0.1%)
• Cycloplegic and dilating drop (cyclopentolate 1%) for pain
relief and prevention of synechiae
28. Retinal Detchment
• Sudden Painless Loss of vision
• Usually preceeded by symps of flashing lights
• Floaters and visual field defects may occur
• Visual acuity may be normal if the macula is
not involved
• Once macula involved central vision is lost
• Manage – laser to retinal hole or retinal
surgery with or without vitrectomy
36. Age Related Macular Degeneration
• Commonest cause of blindness in the elderly
• Causes loss of central vision
• Macula has fine pigmentory clumps and patches of
atrophy
• White round spots – drusen, usually large and
confluent
• Neovascularisation may occur
• Manage – urgent fundal fluorescein andgiographic
tests to treat neovasc with photocoagulation
• Peripheral vision is not affected
