The document discusses obesity, body mass index (BMI), body composition measurement techniques, eating disorders, and the female athlete triad. Key points include:
- Over 2/3 of US adults are overweight or obese, and rates are increasing rapidly in children. BMI is a common screening tool but does not evaluate body composition.
- Techniques to measure body composition directly include underwater weighing, air displacement plethysmography, skinfolds, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and multi-component models.
- Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are mental illnesses characterized by abnormal eating behaviors and distorted body image that
power point presentation on obesity by Rajeshwaree Netha (Doctor of pharmacy).
contents included are Introduction,pathophyisiology,clinical presentation (signs and symptoms of obesity disorder) ,Treatment,goals of treatment, general approach, Pharmacological treatment, and Evaluation of therapeutic outcomes.
power point presentation on obesity by Rajeshwaree Netha (Doctor of pharmacy).
contents included are Introduction,pathophyisiology,clinical presentation (signs and symptoms of obesity disorder) ,Treatment,goals of treatment, general approach, Pharmacological treatment, and Evaluation of therapeutic outcomes.
People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, is over 30 kg/m2, with the range 25–30 kg/m2 defined as overweight.
My seminar Obesity by Hani
Obesity is a public health and policy problem because of its increase prevalence, costs and health effect. (WHO, 2012, National heart lung and blood institute. 2012)
. The risk factor for chronic disease are highly prevalence (Zindah, Belbeisi, Walke & Makdad 2008)
The obesity and the overweight are risk for number of chronic disease include diabetes cardio vascular disease and cancer (WHO,2010)
Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It is a medical problem that increases your risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers.
There are many reasons why some people have difficulty avoiding obesity. Usually, obesity results from a combination of inherited factors, combined with the environment and personal diet and exercise choices.
obesity diseases--is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
Its hazards
Treatment of Obesity
One of the best and latest presentations on obesity, sibutramine, orlistate, topimirate, phenteramine, xenical, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, lipase , pancreatic lipase inhibitor,
lipids, fats, major leg pullers/constraints in obesity management. Next Lipitor will also be from metabolic therapy.
obesity in children , causes of obesity, approach to children obesity, complication of obesity, obesity definition, how to manage obesity, guidelines in pediatric obesity
People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, is over 30 kg/m2, with the range 25–30 kg/m2 defined as overweight.
My seminar Obesity by Hani
Obesity is a public health and policy problem because of its increase prevalence, costs and health effect. (WHO, 2012, National heart lung and blood institute. 2012)
. The risk factor for chronic disease are highly prevalence (Zindah, Belbeisi, Walke & Makdad 2008)
The obesity and the overweight are risk for number of chronic disease include diabetes cardio vascular disease and cancer (WHO,2010)
Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It is a medical problem that increases your risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers.
There are many reasons why some people have difficulty avoiding obesity. Usually, obesity results from a combination of inherited factors, combined with the environment and personal diet and exercise choices.
obesity diseases--is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
Its hazards
Treatment of Obesity
One of the best and latest presentations on obesity, sibutramine, orlistate, topimirate, phenteramine, xenical, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, lipase , pancreatic lipase inhibitor,
lipids, fats, major leg pullers/constraints in obesity management. Next Lipitor will also be from metabolic therapy.
obesity in children , causes of obesity, approach to children obesity, complication of obesity, obesity definition, how to manage obesity, guidelines in pediatric obesity
L1 Obesity in eating disorders -marwa ali.pptxMarwaaly15
With the term ‘obesity’, we characterize an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat, which constitutes a great threat to health.
Obesity, and more specifically the central type of obesity, which is characterized by excess fatty tissue around the abdominal region, is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and perhaps even ‘the metabolic syndrome’
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Eating disorders are a group of illnesses exhibiting a progressive course of distorted thinking and behaviors. They are characterized by loss of control over one’s relationship with food and eating. These illnesses have developmental, biological, familial, and socio-cultural roots. Recovery is about achieving balance and healthy nurturance in one’s life.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
2. Obesity
• United States
– Rate of obesity increasing over past 30 years
– 2 out of 3 adults are overweight or obese
– Extreme obesity increasing at alarming rates
• 1 in 200 in 1986
• 1 in 50 today
– Overweight and obesity increasing rapidly in children
• About 25% will be overweight or obese by 2015
3. Body Mass Index
• A height to weight ratio
– Body weight in KG ÷ (Height in meters)²
– Body weight in lbs x 705 ÷ (Height in inches)²
• Normal BMI = 18.5 – 25.0
4.
5. What are the values and limitations of the BMI?
• Value
– A screening device for both underweight and
obesity, both of which may be related to health
problems
– May be a useful guide to body weight for the
average individual
• Limitations
– Does not evaluate body composition
• Some classified as overweight may have low body fat
• Some classified as normal weight may have excess fat
6.
7.
8. Underwater weighing
• Hydrodensitometry
• Based on Archimedes’
principle
– Buoyancy of water
displacement
• Previously was the gold
standard
• SEM is about 2.0 - 2.5%
9. Air Displacement Plethysmography (APD)
• Based on air
displacement
• Advantages over
underwater weighing
• Reliable method in
testing same subject
over time
10. Skinfolds technique
• Measure of
subcutaneous fat
– Skinfold calipers
– Ultrasound
• SEM about 3-4%
• Use population-specific
formulae
• Good practical method
• Used by NCAA for
wrestlers
11. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
(DXA;DEXA)
• Computerized X-ray
• Concurrent measures
– Bone mineral
– Body mat
– Fat-free mass
• Some contend it is the
criterion method
• Others
– Computed tomography
– Magnetic resonance
imaging
12. Body composition
• Other methods
– Bioelectrical impedance analysis
– Infrared interactance
– Anthropometry
• Regional fat distribution
• Waist circumference
– Multicomponent models
• Use combination of methods
• Some consider it the new gold standard
13. Body mass index
• Screening for health
• Some classify a BMI of 35 or 40 as morbid obesity
BMI Health Risks
< 18.5 May signal malnutrition or serious disease
18.5-24.9 Healthy weight range that carries little health
risk
25-25.9 Overweight; at increased risk for health
problems, especially if you have one or two
weight-related medical conditions
Above 30 Obesity, more than 20 percent over healthy
body weight; poses high risk to your health
15. What is the cause of obesity?
• The simple answer
– Energy intake exceeds energy expenditure
• The difficult answer
– Involves a complex interplay of both genetic and
environmental factors
16. Possible health problems associated with
overweight an obesity
• Asthma
• Cancer
• Cardiovascular disease
• Diabetes (type 2)
• Dyslipidaemia
• Gallstones
• Gastrointestinal reflux
• Gout
• Hypertension
• Insulin resistance
• Low self-image and
self-esteem
• Osteoarthritis
• Respiratory dysfunction
• Sleep apnea
• Social disabilities
• Stroke
• Vertebral disk herniation
17. How does location of body fat affect
health?
• Regional fat distribution
– Android-type obesity
• Abdominal region
• Visceral fat
– Gynoid-type obesity
• Gluteal-femoral region
• Hips, buttocks, thighs
18. Weight-loss Dietary Supplements
• Numerous over-the-counter (OTC) products
– Lose 30 Pounds in 30 Days
• Most OTC weight-loss supplements do not appear to
be effective
• More research needed with some
– Pyruvate and CLA
• Some herbals may be dangerous
– Ephedra
– Others associated with liver damage
19. Very-Low-Calorie Diets (VLCDs)
• Modified fasts
– < 800 Calories per day
– May be successful under medical supervision
– Used as a first step in weight-loss programs
• Possible problems
– Weakness Constipation
– Loss of libido Decreased HDL
– Decreased blood volume Cardiac arrhythmias
• Best when coupled with lifestyle changes
20. What are the major eating disorders?
• Disordered eating
– Less severe than full fledged Eating Disorders
– American Psychiatric Association (APA)
• Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS)
– Purging disorders
• Eating disorders (APA)
– Anorexia nervosa (AN)
– Bulimia nervosa (BN)
– Binge eating disorder (BED)
21. Anorexia nervosa (AN)
• Compulsive personality disorder
– Not completely understood
• Strong genetic predisposition
– Identical and fraternal twin studies
– Genes may be linked to appetite control
22. APA Criteria for Anorexia nervosa
• Refusal to maintain body weight over a minimal normal
weight for age and height
• An intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even
though underweight
• A disturbance in the way one’s body weight or shape is
perceived
• Amenorrhea, or the absence of at least three consecutive
menstrual cycles in normally menstruating females.
23. Anorexia nervosa
• Prevalence is relatively low
– Primarily females under the age of 25
– 1% or less of the general population
– As high as 2% in college students
• Strong genetic predisposition
– Identical and fraternal twin studies
• Chronic low self-esteem
• Serious medical consequences
– Anemia
– Decreased heart mass
– High risk for suicide
24. Anorexia nervosa
• Therapy for AN may
require hospitalization
and intensive
psychiatric treatment
for both the patient and
family
• The outcome for
females with AN has
changed little over the
past 50 years
• Mortality is high
– AN with lowest body
weight at highest risk
25. APA Criteria for Bulimia nervosa (BN)
• Recurrent episodes of binge eating, at least two per
week for 3 months.
• Lack of control over eating during the binge.
• Regular use of self-induced vomiting, laxatives,
diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise to control
body weight.
• Persistent concern with body weight and body shape.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Fourth edition)
26. Bulimia nervosa
• Bulimia nervosa means morbid hunger
– Loss of control over the impulse to binge
– Binge-purge syndrome
• BN is more common than AN
– 2-3% of the general population
– One estimate suggests up to 10% of college students
• Medical consequences of vomiting and laxatives
– Erosion of tooth enamel
– Tears in esophagus
– Electrolyte imbalances
• Psychological counseling may help; Prozac use has
been approved
27. APA Criteria for Binge Eating Disorder
(BED)
• Eat more quickly than usual during binge episodes
• Eat until they are uncomfortably full
• Eat when they are not hungry
• Eat alone because of embarrassment
• Feel disgusted, depressed, or guilty after eating
28. Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
• Individuals with BED have behaviors common to BN,
but do not purge
• Health consequences include
– Weight gain and obesity
– Increased risk of CHD and cancer
• Treatment is similar to BN
29. What eating problems are associated with sports?
• Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified
• Anorexia Athletica
• Weight loss as an ergogenic aid
– Wrestling
– Gymnastics
– Cheerleading
– Bodybuilding
– Lightweight football and rowing
– Distance running
30. Anorexia Athletica
Five set criteria
• Excessive fear of becoming
obese
• Restriction of caloric intake
• Weight loss
• No medical disorder to
explain leanness
• Gastrointestinal complaints
Additional criteria (1 or more)
• Disturbance in body image
• Compulsive exercising
• Binge eating
• Use of purging methods
• Delayed puberty
• Menstrual dysfunction
31. Eating disorders in sports
• Estimates of prevalence vary
– NCAA study
• 20-40 % of female college athletes may exhibit criteria
of eating disorders
• 50-70 % in certain sports, such as gymnastics
– One study of NCAA Division I athletes
• 10% with symptoms of bulimia nervosa
• 3% with symptoms of anorexia nervosa
• Symptoms of eating disorders may abate at the end
of the competitive season
34. The Female Athlete Triad
• Disordered eating
– Low energy availability
• Amenorrhea
– Disturbance of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis
– Primary or secondary
• 3-6 months or more between periods
• Osteoporosis
– Decreased estrogen from the ovaries
– Low body fat so less conversion of androgens to estrogen
– Estrogen is involved in bone metabolism
35. The Female Athlete Triad
• Prevention involves education of those involved sports
– Coaches, athletic trainers, administrator, parents
• What to look for
– Unexplained weight losses
– Frequent weight fluctuations
– Sudden increases in training volume
– Excessive concern with body weight
– Appearance, and evidence of bizarre eating practices
36. The Female Athlete Triad
• Treatment
– Counsel with the athlete
– Increase dietary energy intake
– Decrease exercise-associated energy expenditure
• Mental health practitioners may be needed for
athletes with eating disorders