The document discusses the management of obesity through various means including assessing severity, etiology, medical problems associated with obesity, medical management, guidelines for treatment, and surgical management. It provides details on criteria for surgical treatment, preoperative preparation, and types of bariatric surgeries.
explained about the reasons for obesity, its pathology, how to prevent obesity and how to overcome it. also discussed about the genes, receptors, enzymes and hormones involved in obesity.
Obesity is a chronic heath problem ,the no.of people having obese rising rapidly world wide and making obesity 1 of the fastest developing peoples health problem
PRESENTED BY: AYESHA KABEER
FROM: UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT SIALKOT SUBCAMPUS
Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases
1. Causes of Overweight and Obesity
2. Accessing Obesity
-Body Mass Index
3. Cardiovascular Diseases caused by Obesity
This ppt contains all the details about what is obesity, etiology, & mainly focuses on various methods of assessment of obesity from field tests to lab tests.
Obesity - Pathophysiology, Etiology and management Aneesh Bhandary
Obesity is a state of excess adipose tissue mass. A massive psychosocial, pathophysiological problem that results in a high rate of mortality as well as morbidity. The basic mechanisms of the illness and its management as of 2017 are described in this presentation
Obesity is one of the most common factor which underlies the pathophysiology of many other non- communicable diseases. In recent years, its prevalence has blown out of proportions. The term GLOBESITY signfies that. Newer pharmacological developments will definitely play a crucial role in containing this epidemic.
This seminar is my attempt this interesting topic with all the latest data I could collect on the internet.
explained about the reasons for obesity, its pathology, how to prevent obesity and how to overcome it. also discussed about the genes, receptors, enzymes and hormones involved in obesity.
Obesity is a chronic heath problem ,the no.of people having obese rising rapidly world wide and making obesity 1 of the fastest developing peoples health problem
PRESENTED BY: AYESHA KABEER
FROM: UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT SIALKOT SUBCAMPUS
Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases
1. Causes of Overweight and Obesity
2. Accessing Obesity
-Body Mass Index
3. Cardiovascular Diseases caused by Obesity
This ppt contains all the details about what is obesity, etiology, & mainly focuses on various methods of assessment of obesity from field tests to lab tests.
Obesity - Pathophysiology, Etiology and management Aneesh Bhandary
Obesity is a state of excess adipose tissue mass. A massive psychosocial, pathophysiological problem that results in a high rate of mortality as well as morbidity. The basic mechanisms of the illness and its management as of 2017 are described in this presentation
Obesity is one of the most common factor which underlies the pathophysiology of many other non- communicable diseases. In recent years, its prevalence has blown out of proportions. The term GLOBESITY signfies that. Newer pharmacological developments will definitely play a crucial role in containing this epidemic.
This seminar is my attempt this interesting topic with all the latest data I could collect on the internet.
Protein malnutrition, also referred to as protein deficiency, is a condition that occurs when an individual's diet lacks an adequate amount of protein, leading to various negative health consequences. This form of malnutrition can manifest in different ways, with two distinct clinical presentations known as kwashiorkor and marasmus.
Kwashiorkor is a severe form of protein malnutrition often seen in children. It occurs when there is a deficiency of high-quality protein in the diet, despite an adequate caloric intake. The lack of protein results in a disruption of important physiological processes, leading to various symptoms and complications. Common signs of kwashiorkor include edema, which is the accumulation of fluid in tissues, particularly in the legs, feet, and face. Additionally, individuals with kwashiorkor may experience muscle wasting, growth stunting, and impaired immune function. Other symptoms can include thinning hair, brittle nails, poor wound healing, fatigue, and anemia.
Marasmus, on the other hand, is a form of protein-energy malnutrition that occurs when there is a severe deficiency in overall calorie intake, including both protein and energy. Unlike kwashiorkor, individuals with marasmus experience significant weight loss and muscle wasting. The body enters a state of extreme catabolism, breaking down muscle tissue to meet energy needs. The characteristic appearance of marasmus includes a "skin and bones" appearance, with prominent ribs, thin limbs, and a lack of subcutaneous fat.
Protein is essential for the growth, development, and maintenance of various body tissues, including muscles, organs, and the immune system. It plays a crucial role in the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, and is involved in numerous biochemical processes. Inadequate protein intake deprives the body of these vital functions, leading to the manifestations seen in protein malnutrition.
Protein malnutrition is often associated with poor dietary diversity, limited access to quality protein sources, and socio-economic factors such as poverty, famine, and humanitarian crises. Vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, are particularly at risk. In children, inadequate protein intake during critical growth periods can result in long-term consequences, affecting physical and cognitive development.
Diagnosis of protein malnutrition involves a comprehensive assessment of dietary history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests. Medical professionals evaluate the presence of characteristic signs and symptoms, such as edema or muscle wasting, to determine the severity and type of malnutrition. Blood tests may reveal abnormal levels of proteins and other nutrients, further aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning.
The treatment of protein malnutrition involves nutritional rehabilitation, addressing both the underlying protein deficiency and overall energy intake.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
1. The Management of Obesity Celso M. Fidel MD,FPSGS,FPCS Diplomate Philippine Board of Surgery
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18. Nutritional and Metabolic Properties of the Common Macronutrients Properties Fat Protein Carbohydrate Alcohol Kcal/g 9 4 4 7 Energy density High Low Low Hjgh Nutrient-induced thermogenesis (percent of energy content) 2-3% 25-30 % 6-8% 15-20% Storage capacity High None Low None Autoregulation Poor Good Good Poor Ability to suppress hunger Low High High May stimulate hunger
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20. Nutritional and Metabolic Properties of the Common Macronutrients Properties Fat Protein Carbohydrate Alcohol Kcal/g 9 4 4 7 Energy density High Low Low Hjgh Nutrient-induced thermogenesis (percent of energy content) 2-3% 25-30 % 6-8% 15-20% Storage capacity High None Low None Autoregulation Poor Good Good Poor Ability to suppress hunger Low High High May stimulate hunger
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44. Guidelines Treatment of Overweight and Obese Patients BMI/m Kg/m2 Health Risk Risk with comorbidities Treatment <25 Minimal Low Healthy eating,exercise & lifestyle changes 25-26.9 Low Moderate 27-29.9 Moderate High All of the above plus low caloric diet 30-34.9 High Very High All of the above plus pharmacotherapy or very low 35-39.9 Very High Extremely High Caloric diet >40 Extremely High Extremely High All of the above plus Bariatric Surgery
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