Obesity is defined as abnormal growth of adipose tissue due to enlargement of fat cells or an increase in their number. Central obesity is determined by waist circumference and other risk factors. BMI categories define underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity classes 1-3. Obesity is driven by individual decisions and societal influences like food environment and sedentary lifestyle. It increases risk for health conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Treatment involves moderate calorie restriction, exercise, and lifestyle changes. Medications may treat related metabolic issues. Various homeopathic remedies target obesity symptoms and management.

2. Obesity is defined as
an abnormal growth
of the adipose tissue
due to an
enlargement of fat
cell size(hypertrophic
obesity)or an
increase in fat cell
number(hyperplastic
obesity)or a
combination of both.
Central obesity is defined as
waist circumference ≥ 90 cm
in males and ≥ 80 cm in
females.
+
Any two of the following
-Increased triglycerides ≥ 150
mg/dl (1.70 mmol/L)
-reduced HDL cholesterol <40
mg/dl in males and < 50 mg/dl
in females.
-raised blood pressure systolic
bp ≥ 130 mm Hg and diastolic
bp ≥ 85mm Hg.
-raised fasting plasma glucose
≥ 100 mg/dl.
Or treatment for previously
diagnosed any of the above
condition.

3. Classification BMI
Risk of Co-morbidities
(kg/m2
)
Underweight
<18.5
Low (Risks are increased in
other areas)
Desirable
18.522.9
Average
Overweight
22.929.9
Mildly Increased
Obese
>30.0
Class 1
Obesity
30.034.9
Moderate
Class 11
Obesity
35.039.9
Severe
Class 111
(morbid
obesity)
>40.0
Very severe

4. The food environment - there
has also been a huge increase in
the quantity of quick convenience
foods, which tend to be high in
saturated fat, salt and sugar.
Culture/Individual
psychology - it is
difficult to break
habituated
unhealthy eating
patterns,
especially when
common to those
around us
Obesity is
primarily driven by
individual
decisions, and the
way society
influences them
The physical environment our lives have become
increasingly sedentary. For e.g.
last two decades have seen
marked reduction in school
walking.
Human biology genetics plays a
part but does not
pre-destine us to
be obese

5. RELATIVE RISK OF HEALTH PROBLEMS
ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY
Greatly increased
(relative risk >>3)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Moderately increased
(relative risk 2-3)
Slightly increased
(1-2)
Diabetes
Gall bladder diseases
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
Insulin resistance
Sleep apnea
Breathlessness
• Coronary heart disease
• Osteoarthritis (knees)
• Hyperuricemia and gout
• Cancer(breast cancer in
postmenopausal
women, endometrial
cancer, colon cancer)
• Reproductive hormone
abnormalities
• Polycystic ovarian
syndrome
• Infertility
• Low back ache
• Increased anesthetic
risk
• Foetal defect arising
from maternal obesity.

7. Primary
intervention
Secondary
intervention
• Moderate calorie restriction.(to achieve a 510% loss of body weight in 1st yr)
• Moderate increase in physical activity.
• Change in dietary composition.
• Drug therapy is required to treat the
metabolic syndrome associated with
obesity.
• There is a definite need for treatment that
can modulate the underlying mechanism of
metabolic syndrome as a whole and thereby
reduce the impact of all the risk factors and
the long term metabolic and cardiovascular
consequences.

9. D
I
E
T
Cut down on salt
and sugar.
Eat little at
dinner.
Take fruits in
between meals
for snacking.
Do not skip meals
Walk after night
meals.
Take at least 7-10
glasses of water
every day.
Do not eat while
reading, watching
TV, playing video
games.
Avoid foods
high in saturated
fat and
cholesterol.
Use skimmed
milk instead of full
fat milk.
AVOID
•Alcoholic drinks.
•Butter , margarine
•Cakes, pancakes, cookies, doughnuts, pastries etc.
•Candies, chocolates, cream, cheese.
•French fries, potato chips, pizza, pasta, burger, snacking food.
•Jams, jellies, sugar and syrup.
•Ice cream, ice milk, sherbets, soda drinks.

10. EARLY YEARS(UNDER 5S)
Preschool children should be
physically active at least for 180
minutes.
All under 5s should minimize the time
spend being sedentary for extended
periods except for sleeping.
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
All children and young people should engage
in moderate to vigorous intensity physical
activity for at least 60 minutes and up to
several hours every day.
-Vigorous intensity activities, including those
that strengthen muscle and bone should be
incorporated at least thrice a week.
-They should minimize the time spend being
sedentary for extended periods.
ADULTS AND OLD AGE
-Adults should aim to be active daily. Over a
week, activity should add up to at least 150
minutes
(2½ hours) of moderate intensity activity in bouts
of 10 minutes or more – one way to approach
this is to do 30 minutes on at least 5 days a
week.
Alternatively, comparable benefits can be
achieved through 75 minutes of vigorous
intensity
activity spread across the week or a combination
of moderate and vigorous intensity activity.
-Adults should also undertake physical activity to
improve muscle strength on at least two days
a week.
-All adults should minimize the amount of time
spend being sedentary for long.

11. Ammonium carbFat patients with weak heart.
Women who are tired and weary and takes
cold easily.
Leads a sedentary lifestyle.
Dry coryza-stoppage of nose-at night-can only
breathe through mouth-danger of suffocation.
Sadness with disposition to weep, timidity,
disgust with life, heedlessness, weakness of
memory, great absence of mind.
Chilly patient < wet stormy weather ; washing
> warmth.
Ammonium muriaticumBody is fat and legs are thin with large buttocks.
Full of grief but cannot weep. Irritability and
disposition to be angry.
Feets get very cold in the evening in bed.

12. Antium crudumChildren and old people who have a tendency to
grow fat with coated white tongue.
Belching and great eructations of ingesta.bloating
after eating.
Cold and callous excrescenses.
Patient is aggravated from extremes of
temperature.
Calcarea carbonicumSweating on the forehead which wets
the pillow while sleeping.
Fair, fat, flabby are the red lined
symptom.
Great sensitiveness to cold damp air.

13. Calotropis giganteaHelps in reducing the obesity, without
reducing the weight i.e. flesh would
decrease but the muscle would become
more firm.
There is great heat in stomach.
CapsicumPerson who are weak of lax fibre.the
digestion is poor and suffer from myalgia.
Have burning pains still doesn’t like cold.
Old people who have exhausted their
vitality.
Home-sickness.
>from heat
CarlsbadAction on liver, treatment of obesity and
diabetes.
Self satisfied, very talkative, good
humored. Discouraged and anxious about
domestic duties. Absent minded, heedless,
forgets names.
Sensitive to cold air. sweats more easily.
> Motion and open air.

14. Ferrum metallicumObesity with anaemia, puffy face with pitting of
flesh. Delicate girls, fearfully constipated with
low spirits.< cold weather. > warm weather.
Great lassitude and weakness.
GraphitisObesity in females with delayed
menstruation.
Fair, fat , chilly constipated people.
Kali carbonicumOlder fat people characterized by sweat,
backache and weakness.
Dark haired person with lax fiber and inclined to
be fat.

15. EsculentineGreat fat reducer. Can be
alternated with phytoline.
Should be given in mother
tincture.
Fucus vesiculosusGiven when calcarea carb fails.
Indigestion, obstinate constipation,
flatulence.
To be given in tinctures.
Phytolacca berryOne of the best remedies in
weight reduction and corpulence
reduction
ThyroidinumExcessive obesity. Acts best in
pale patients.
Is a powerful diuretic and helps
in myx-odema and various types
of oedema.
PhytolineGreat fat reducer. Recommended
when the patient is having difficulty
in walking, sitting, palpitation,
dyspnoea on least exertion,
nausea, eructations.
Given in mother tincture.

16. COMPILED BY-
Dr Neena Mehan(Head, Deptt. of Medicine)
 Dr Pavneet Kaur (Intern 2013-2014 Dr B R
Sur Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital
and Research Centre)
