Worldwide, obesity nearly tripled since 1975, with over 650 million adults and 340 million children classified as obese in 2016. Obesity is defined as abnormal fat accumulation that impairs health, measured as a BMI over 30 for adults and over 2 or 3 standard deviations for children depending on age. The fundamental causes of obesity are an energy imbalance from increased intake of unhealthy foods and decreased physical activity due to sedentary lifestyles. Obesity raises the risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Reducing obesity involves limiting unhealthy foods, increasing physical activity, and for some, bariatric surgery.

1. OBESITY
&
OVERWEIGHT
‘a modern day havoc ’
DR. Yogesh Agarwala

2. Over 370 ppts are available on
slideshare.net ***for use of public/Doctors
www.slideshare.net / Lifecarecentre

3. WHO Definition - 2011
Overweight and obesity are defined as
abnormal or excessive fat accumulation
that may impair health.

4. Obesity and overweight
Key facts
• Worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975.
• In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years
and older, were overweight. Of these over 650
million were obese.
• 39% of adults aged 18 years and over were
overweight in 2016, and 13% were obese.
• Most of the world's population live in countries
where overweight and obesity kills more people
than underweight.

5. Obesity and overweight
Key facts
• 41 million children under the age of 5 were
overweight or obese in 2016.
• Over 340 million children and adolescents
aged 5-19 were overweight or obese in 2016.
Obesity is preventable

6. Obesity and overweight
Adults
For adults, WHO defines overweight and obesity as
follows:
– overweight is a BMI greater than or equal to 25; and
– obesity is a BMI greater than or equal to 30.
– BMI provides the most useful population-level
measure of overweight and obesity as it is the same
for both sexes and for all ages of adults. For children,
age needs to be considered when defining overweight
and obesity.

9. Obesity and overweight
Children under 5 years of age
– overweight is weight-for-height greater than 2
standard deviations above WHO Child Growth
Standards median; and
– obesity is weight-for-height greater than 3
standard deviations above the WHO Child Growth
Standards median.

10. Obesity and overweight
Children aged between 5–19 years
– overweight is BMI-for-age greater than 1 standard
deviation above the WHO Growth Reference
median; and
– obesity is greater than 2 standard deviations
above the WHO Growth Reference median.

11. What causes obesity and overweight?
• The fundamental cause of obesity and
overweight is an energy imbalance between
calories consumed and calories expended.
Globally, there has been:
– an increased intake of energy-dense foods that
are high in fat; and
– an increase in physical inactivity due to the
increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of
work, changing modes of transportation, and
increasing urbanization.

12. What are common health consequences of
overweight and obesity?
• Raised BMI is a major risk factor for non
communicable diseases such as:
– cardiovascular diseases (mainly heart disease and
stroke), which were the leading cause of death in 2012;
– diabetes;
– musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis – a
highly disabling degenerative disease of the joints);
– some cancers (including endometrial, breast, ovarian,
prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and colon).
– The risk for these non communicable diseases increases,
with increases in BMI.

13. Metabolic Syndrome
• Central Obesity
• Hypertension
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Dyslipidemia
Hyperuricemia / PCOD / NASH / Errectile Dysfunction

14. How can overweight and obesity be
reduced?
• Overweight and obesity are largely preventable.
• Supportive environments and communities are
fundamental in shaping people’s choices
• At the individual level, people can:
– limit energy intake from total fats and sugars;
– increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well
as legumes, whole grains and nuts; and
– engage in regular physical activity (60 minutes a day
for children and 150 minutes spread through the week
for adults).

15. Five Keys to safer food, Five Keys to a healthy diet,
Five Keys to appropriate physical activity

16. Five Keys to safer food, Five Keys to a healthy diet, Five Keys to
appropriate physical activity

17. Bariatric Surgery
1. Laparoscopic
Adjustable Gastric
Banding
2. Sleeve Gastrectomy
3. Roux en Y Gastric
Bypass

18. April 2017
• Weight 135 kg
• BMI 47kg/m2
• Diabetic,
Hypertensive,
Severe Obesity
Hypoventilatio
n Syndrome
• Unable to get
out of bed
December 2017
• Weight 64 kg
• On no
medication
except
multivitamins
• Actively
ambulatory and
drives her car

19. NASH leading to Cirrohsis

20. Reversal of NASH after weight loss

21. Thank You

22. ADDRESS
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Delhi - 51
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