Under the umbrella of 3GPP, radio-access technologies for mobile broadband have evolved effectively to provide connectivity to billions of subscribers and things. Within this ecosystem, the standardization of a radio technology for massive MTC applications – narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) – is also evolving. The aim is for this technology to provide cost-effective connectivity to billions of IoT devices, supporting low power consumption, the use of low-cost devices, and provision of excellent coverage – all rolled out as software on top of existing LTE infrastructure. The design of NB-IoT mimics that of LTE, facilitating radio network evolution and efficient coexistence with MBB, reducing time to market, and reaping the benefits of standardization and economies of scale.
The IoT embeds a broad range of MTC applications, and among the different types, massive MTC – including applications like smart metering, agriculture and real estate monitoring – sets a number of performance targets for connectivity. Attempting to meet these IoT targets using a radio-access technology designed for mobile broadband, however, doesn't make economic sense. Networks that provide connectivity to massive MTC applications need a radio-access technology that can deliver widespread coverage and low power consumption, often in signal-challenged locations. Hence the need for narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT).
NB-IoT is a 3GPP radio-access technology designed to meet the connectivity requirements for massive MTC applications, as well as the design targets for IoT including low device cost, extended coverage, 40 devices per household, long battery life, and uplink latency of under 10 seconds.
NB-IoT enjoys all the benefits of licensed spectrum, the feature richness of EPC, and the overall ecosystem spread of 3GPP. At the same time, NB-IoT has been designed to meet the challenging TCO structure of the IoT market.
This articles reveals how NB-IoT is being designed and how it can be deployed in GSM spectrum, within an LTE carrier, or in an LTE or WCDMA guard band.
Keynote presented at LPWA IoT Event 2016 in Amsterdam.
I share experience about Application Case for which LPWA improves Smart Water Networks management
Overview of which LPWAN technologies (LoRa, Sigfox, Weightless, etc.) are right for various IoT applications. Clear look at the pros and cons of each technology.
Presentation by the Comarch Technologies division. Bluetooth Low-Energy devices and LORA are taking over the Telecommunications industry. How can the IoT environment best be integrated for Telecom operators?
3GPP Standards for the Internet-of-ThingsEiko Seidel
Presenation by 3GPP RAN3 Chairman - Philippe Reininger - at the IoT Business & Technologies Congress (November 30, in Singapore). Main topics are eMTC, NB-IOT and EC-GSM-IoT as completed in 3GPP Release 13 and enhanced in Release 14
CNAM course part 2, Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT), and M2M (Machine to Machine)...Long Range Low Power (LRLP) Networks (SigFox, LoRA), 4G LTE, Smart Grids, and Intelligent Transport System (ITS) / SmartCar
Keynote presented at LPWA IoT Event 2016 in Amsterdam.
I share experience about Application Case for which LPWA improves Smart Water Networks management
Overview of which LPWAN technologies (LoRa, Sigfox, Weightless, etc.) are right for various IoT applications. Clear look at the pros and cons of each technology.
Presentation by the Comarch Technologies division. Bluetooth Low-Energy devices and LORA are taking over the Telecommunications industry. How can the IoT environment best be integrated for Telecom operators?
3GPP Standards for the Internet-of-ThingsEiko Seidel
Presenation by 3GPP RAN3 Chairman - Philippe Reininger - at the IoT Business & Technologies Congress (November 30, in Singapore). Main topics are eMTC, NB-IOT and EC-GSM-IoT as completed in 3GPP Release 13 and enhanced in Release 14
CNAM course part 2, Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT), and M2M (Machine to Machine)...Long Range Low Power (LRLP) Networks (SigFox, LoRA), 4G LTE, Smart Grids, and Intelligent Transport System (ITS) / SmartCar
Which solution you should choose to deploy your IoT network.
LoRa, Sigfox, LTE-M are very similar in nature and functionality, which can confuse you during the decision-making process.
The Internet of Things is bringing a massive surge of smart, connected devices that will enable new services and efficiencies across industries. This requires wireless technologies to scale up or down depending on the application performance needs—to connect virtually anything. And now, LTE is evolving for low-throughput, delay-tolerant IoT use cases. The new narrowband LTE technologies (eMTC & NB-IoT) will deliver lower complexity, longer battery life, and deeper coverage for wide-area IoT applications.
This white paper gives an overview of new solutions provided by telecom operators to support the “Internet of Things” (IoT) vision. This scan describes the developments and planning and compares three technologies; AntTail’meshnetworks, LORA and NB-IoT.
LPWAN Technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and M2M ScenariosPeter R. Egli
Rapid technological advances in the past made possible the miniaturization of network devices to meet the cost and power consumption requirements in IoT and M2M scenarios. What is missing in this picture is a radio technology with both long range capability and a very low cost footprint. Existing radio technologies such as 3G/4G or Short Range Radio do not aptly meet the requirements of IoT scenarios because they are either too expensive or are not able to provide the required range. Other wireless technologies are geared towards high bandwidth which is in most cases not a requirement for IoT.
Emerging LPWAN technologies such as ETSI LTN or LoRAWAN are poised for filling the gap by providing long range (up to 40km) and low power connectivity. These technologies allow low cost radio devices and operation thus enabling scaling up IoT applications.
LoRa WAN - Connecting the Internet of ThingsKent Plummer
LoRa WAN is an emerging Long Range wireless WAN technology that can be used to connect inexpensive, low power devices to a network for the purposes of monitoring, data acquisition and control.
Link labs LTE-M NB-IOT Hype Webinar slidesBrian Ray
Join us as Link Labs VP of Business Development and Cellular IoT Product Director, Glenn Schatz, discusses common misconceptions about LTE Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT), as well as how business and product leaders can use these transformative technologies to deliver value to their customers, while avoiding some of the pitfalls companies face when embarking on this journey.
In this Webinar we will cover:
What are the key features and benefits of LTE Cat-M1 and NB-IoT?
What is the state of devices and network availability today?
How do the various low-power modes work (PSM, eDRX, and vendor-specific), and how can they be used in my application?
What are some of the risks and challenges of developing a product with one of these technologies?
How much do these devices cost? What do the data plans look like?
What is in store for the future with 2G and 3G sunsets (both CDMA and GSM) and the emergence of 5G?
Geolocation with LPWAN LoRa IoT Networks, a "Must have" Killer application. Benefits from Radio degree of Freedom brought by LoRaWAN Network, adaptive data rates, Femtocells densification - illustration of performance trends.
Authors: Thierry Lestable (Ph.D), Massinissa Lalam (Ph.D) and Maxime Grau
What are LPWA networks and what are their advantages ?
What are their characateristics in comparison with other telecom technologies ?
What are the differences between LPWA technologies, especially Sigfox and LoRa ?
An Overview of LoRA, Sigfox, and IEEE 802.11ahFaheem Zafari
The slides provide an insight into different IoT and M2M specific protocols. Their main features and differences are highlighted. Potential research area in IEEE 802.11ah is identified. The slides also identifies the coexistence problem between Lora and Sigfox
5g technology is a unique combination of high speed internet access , low latency , high reliability & seamless coverage which will support no. of vehicles & transport infrastructure. 5G platform will impact many industries like automotive , entertainment, agriculture , manufacturing and IT. As per the research forecast “IOT will account for one quarter of the global 41 million 5G connections in 2024”, out of these ¾ of the devices will be auto industry via embedded vehicle connections.
There are wide range of applications that will benefit from 5G ultra fast networks and real time responsiveness of the network.These properties of 5G technology are very important for many applications of IOT e.g self driven cars , intelligent transportation which demands very low latency .This will be a great boom for interactive mobile gaming which is bandwidth hungry application. 5G technology enables us to control more devices remotely in various applications where real time network performance is critical, like remote control of vehicles. It focuses on worker safety as well as monitoring environment. 5G technology is not focusing on improving speed , but this will prove best in evolution of business etc. IOT in 5G have excelled in connecting number of phones , tablets and other devices, however connecting cars , meters, sensors require more advanced business models.
Presentation Slide deck from the Ag gateway 2016 Emerging Technology forum. Covers LPWan, LoRa and IoT for agriculture. I enjoyed presenting on this topic and the lively discussions that followed. I expect to see interesting developments in IoT for Agriculture and LPWan will be a big part.
I am interested in speaking at technology events and would be able to give this or similar talk.
Which solution you should choose to deploy your IoT network.
LoRa, Sigfox, LTE-M are very similar in nature and functionality, which can confuse you during the decision-making process.
The Internet of Things is bringing a massive surge of smart, connected devices that will enable new services and efficiencies across industries. This requires wireless technologies to scale up or down depending on the application performance needs—to connect virtually anything. And now, LTE is evolving for low-throughput, delay-tolerant IoT use cases. The new narrowband LTE technologies (eMTC & NB-IoT) will deliver lower complexity, longer battery life, and deeper coverage for wide-area IoT applications.
This white paper gives an overview of new solutions provided by telecom operators to support the “Internet of Things” (IoT) vision. This scan describes the developments and planning and compares three technologies; AntTail’meshnetworks, LORA and NB-IoT.
LPWAN Technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and M2M ScenariosPeter R. Egli
Rapid technological advances in the past made possible the miniaturization of network devices to meet the cost and power consumption requirements in IoT and M2M scenarios. What is missing in this picture is a radio technology with both long range capability and a very low cost footprint. Existing radio technologies such as 3G/4G or Short Range Radio do not aptly meet the requirements of IoT scenarios because they are either too expensive or are not able to provide the required range. Other wireless technologies are geared towards high bandwidth which is in most cases not a requirement for IoT.
Emerging LPWAN technologies such as ETSI LTN or LoRAWAN are poised for filling the gap by providing long range (up to 40km) and low power connectivity. These technologies allow low cost radio devices and operation thus enabling scaling up IoT applications.
LoRa WAN - Connecting the Internet of ThingsKent Plummer
LoRa WAN is an emerging Long Range wireless WAN technology that can be used to connect inexpensive, low power devices to a network for the purposes of monitoring, data acquisition and control.
Link labs LTE-M NB-IOT Hype Webinar slidesBrian Ray
Join us as Link Labs VP of Business Development and Cellular IoT Product Director, Glenn Schatz, discusses common misconceptions about LTE Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT), as well as how business and product leaders can use these transformative technologies to deliver value to their customers, while avoiding some of the pitfalls companies face when embarking on this journey.
In this Webinar we will cover:
What are the key features and benefits of LTE Cat-M1 and NB-IoT?
What is the state of devices and network availability today?
How do the various low-power modes work (PSM, eDRX, and vendor-specific), and how can they be used in my application?
What are some of the risks and challenges of developing a product with one of these technologies?
How much do these devices cost? What do the data plans look like?
What is in store for the future with 2G and 3G sunsets (both CDMA and GSM) and the emergence of 5G?
Geolocation with LPWAN LoRa IoT Networks, a "Must have" Killer application. Benefits from Radio degree of Freedom brought by LoRaWAN Network, adaptive data rates, Femtocells densification - illustration of performance trends.
Authors: Thierry Lestable (Ph.D), Massinissa Lalam (Ph.D) and Maxime Grau
What are LPWA networks and what are their advantages ?
What are their characateristics in comparison with other telecom technologies ?
What are the differences between LPWA technologies, especially Sigfox and LoRa ?
An Overview of LoRA, Sigfox, and IEEE 802.11ahFaheem Zafari
The slides provide an insight into different IoT and M2M specific protocols. Their main features and differences are highlighted. Potential research area in IEEE 802.11ah is identified. The slides also identifies the coexistence problem between Lora and Sigfox
5g technology is a unique combination of high speed internet access , low latency , high reliability & seamless coverage which will support no. of vehicles & transport infrastructure. 5G platform will impact many industries like automotive , entertainment, agriculture , manufacturing and IT. As per the research forecast “IOT will account for one quarter of the global 41 million 5G connections in 2024”, out of these ¾ of the devices will be auto industry via embedded vehicle connections.
There are wide range of applications that will benefit from 5G ultra fast networks and real time responsiveness of the network.These properties of 5G technology are very important for many applications of IOT e.g self driven cars , intelligent transportation which demands very low latency .This will be a great boom for interactive mobile gaming which is bandwidth hungry application. 5G technology enables us to control more devices remotely in various applications where real time network performance is critical, like remote control of vehicles. It focuses on worker safety as well as monitoring environment. 5G technology is not focusing on improving speed , but this will prove best in evolution of business etc. IOT in 5G have excelled in connecting number of phones , tablets and other devices, however connecting cars , meters, sensors require more advanced business models.
Presentation Slide deck from the Ag gateway 2016 Emerging Technology forum. Covers LPWan, LoRa and IoT for agriculture. I enjoyed presenting on this topic and the lively discussions that followed. I expect to see interesting developments in IoT for Agriculture and LPWan will be a big part.
I am interested in speaking at technology events and would be able to give this or similar talk.
To meet the new connectivity requirements of the emerging IoT segment, 3GPP has taken evolutionary steps on both the network side and the device side. A single technology or solution cannot be ideal to all the different potential IoT applications, market situations and spectrum availability. As a result, the 3GPP standardizing several technologies, including Extended Coverage GSM (EC-GSM), LTE-M and NB-IoT.
LTE-M, NB-IoT and EC-GSM are all superior solutions to meet IoT requirements as a family of solutions, and can complement each other based on technology availability, use case requirements and deployment scenarios. The evolution for these technologies is shown in figure #5. Technical studies and normative work for the support of Machine Type Communication (MTC) as part of 3GPP LTE specifications for RAN began in 3GPP Release 12 and are continuing with the goals of developing features optimized for devices with MTC traffic.
IoT Seminar (Jan. 2016) - (4) friedhelm rodermund - lwm2m and lpwaOpen Mobile Alliance
Slides from the OMA and oneM2M IoT Seminar on January 21, 2016
Speaker 4:
Friedhelm Rodermund, IoT Consultant, Vodafone
Presentation Title: “LWM2M and LPWA”
Friedhelm Rodermund is an IoT consultant working with Vodafone Group R&D where his current focus is on IoT standards development and strategy. He has more than twenty years of experience within the mobile industry in various areas such as technical project management, technology innovation and evolution, strategy development, development and introduction of new services, intellectual property, and standards development. He was actively involved in the development of key standards for mobile communications and service enablers across standards development organizations such as 3GPP, ETSI, GSMA, OMA and oneM2M.
UK Spectrum Policy Forum Report: UK Spectrum Usage & Demand - First EditiontechUK
The UK Spectrum Policy Forum, the industry-led sounding board to Government and Ofcom, has launched the first in a series of reports on UK Spectrum Usage and Demand.
Based on research from independent experts Real Wireless and drawing on the inputs of a panel of contributors for each sector, this report includes views on the importance of spectrum as a national resource from the space, utilities, business radio, meteorology and mobile industries.
The report can be downloaded from here: https://www.techuk.org/insights/reports/item/3773-uk-spectrum-usage-demand-first-edition
Overview 5G Architecture Options from Deutsche TelekomEiko Seidel
At 3GPP RAN#72 5G Architecture discussion took place. This document lists all options that are under discussion.
Source: RP-161266 at RAN#72 Deutsche Telekom
AT&T View on LTE to 5G Network Migration Eiko Seidel
3GPP currently investigates possible 5G architecture options and how to migrate from LTE to 5G. The first stip will be to use Dual Connectivity with 5G while LTE is the Primary Cell. This will allow for very early deployments. Further steps are still to be defined and highly depend on the relation of EPC and Next Generation Core.
Presented by Andy Sutton, Principal Network Architect - Chief Architect’s Office, TSO, BT at IET "Towards 5G Mobile Technology – Vision to Reality" seminar on 25th Jan 2017
Shared with permission
IOT Factory is an Open and Scalable Software Platform for Web/Mobile Project and Product development. We are Device and Network Agnostic (M2M, SigFox, LoRa, ZigBee, BLE, Z-WAVE, Threat...), we provide Dashboarding, Reporting, Alerting services. And we offer Open APIs (JSON) for thirs party application development.
Report of the LTE breakout session (NB-IoT) by Mediatek Inc. (Session Chair)Yi-Hsueh Tsai
7.16 WI: Narrowband IOT
(NB_IOT-Core; leading WG: RAN1; started: Sep. 15; target: Mar. 16; WID: RP-151621)
Time budget: N/A
Overall: At this meeting we need to determine the scope of the work. Which parts of LTE TSes to be reused, which parts are not applicable, which parts need change. Identification of issues and candidate solutions. The mindset should be that Requirements in TR 45.820 shall be fulfilled.
Ericsson Technology Review: Simplifying the 5G ecosystem by reducing architec...Ericsson
One critical aspect of a successful 5G deployment is the mobile network operator’s ability to support user equipment, radio network, core network and management products that are manufactured by a multitude of device and network equipment vendors. The multiple connectivity options in 3GPP architecture for 5G have created several possible deployment alternatives.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article argues that there is a significant risk of ecosystem fragmentation if too many different connectivity options are deployed. After considering all the options, the authors conclude that a deployment approach based on options 3 and 2 will reduce network upgrade cost and time, simplify interoperability between networks and devices, and enable a faster scaling of the 5G ecosystem.
Interesting Whitepaper from #HCLTECH, though a bit old (2016) but good for beginners on 5G and introductory know-how about 5G start with IMT2020. Informative insights.
NB-IoT WiKi
NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) is a low-power technology designed for Internet of Things (IoT) applications and other low-data rate communication requirements.
It uses narrowband radio spectrum and advanced power management techniques to efficiently utilize the available spectrum and extend the battery life of IoT devices.
NB-IoT is based on LTE cellular wireless technology and has been standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as the global wireless communication standard for IoT applications.
What are the differences and relationships between LTE-M and NB-IoT?
What is LTE-M?
LTE-M, or LTE-Machine-to-Machine, is an LTE evolution-based IoT technology, called Low-Cost MTC in R12 and LTE enhanced MTC (eMTC) in R13, designed to meet the needs of IoT devices based on existing LTE carriers.
The full name of eMTC is enhanced Machine-Type Communication. It is the LTE network between machines using LTE communication for the IoT. It is often abbreviated as M2M.
A response to the growing interest in IoT and LPWAN, LTE-M is unique in that it can be very energy efficient and transmit up to 10 bytes of data per day, but can also transmit up to one megabit per second. LTE-M serves a very wide range of use cases.
Currently, there is a hype around 5G, the wireless technology which is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, more reliability, massive network capacity, and increased availability, in order to empower new experiences and connect new industries. Indeed 5G, and related technology, open up an industrial Internet with the potential to deliver new digital services for long-term economic growth.
The following document is written as a summary of essentials around 5G based on already published materials. It aims at helping non-specialists to get an initial idea of the new exciting technologies and their potential impact on our future.
Accelerating our 5G future: a first look at 3GPP Rel-17 and beyondQualcomm Research
In December 2019, the scope of 3GPP Release 17 was decided in the Plenary meeting in Spain. This presentation outlines the details of this 3rd release of 5G standards.
HOW TO CHOOSE BETWEEN LTE-M AND
NB-IOT FOR GLOBAL DEPLOYMENTS. LTE-M AND NB-IOT TECHNOLOGIES - INCREASED
BATTERY LIFE, ENHANCED COVERAGE AND SIMPLIFIED
HARDWARE
Ericsson Technology Review: Designing for the future: the 5G NR physical layerEricsson
More than a simple evolution of today’s 4G (LTE) networks, 5G will also include a new, globally standardized radio access technology known as New Radio (NR). 5G NR is well suited to meet the complex and sometimes contradictory requirements within the areas of enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-type communications and ultra-reliable low-latency communications. All the 5G NR physical layer technology components are flexible, ultra-lean and forward compatible.
The combination of new energy and IoT in smart metering applications are accelerating the development of China's traditional economic form, smart grid, smart watering, smart environmental protection, smart mining, and other emerging fields are in rapid development.
The public data show that the global demand for new energy has increased by 50% since the 1990s and is expected to further increase by 30% by 2040, IoT connectivity technologies are gradually being used more and more to handle energy management and provide improved solutions.
Correlation between Terms of 5G Networks, IoT and D2D Communicationijtsrd
The proliferation of heterogeneous devices connected through large scale networks is a clear sign that the vision of the Internet of Things IoT is getting closer to becoming a reality. Many researchers and experts in the field share the opinion that the next to come fifth generation 5G cellular systems will be a strong boost for the IoT deployment. Device to Device D2D appears as a key communication paradigm to support heterogeneous objects interconnection and to guarantee important benefits. Future research directions are then presented towards a fully converged 5G IoT ecosystem. In this paper, we analyze existing data about D2D communication systems and its relation of 5G IoT networks. The enhancement of such networks will bring several spheres to learn for. Nozima Musaboyeva Bahtiyor Qizi "Correlation between Terms of 5G Networks, IoT and D2D Communication" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47522.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/47522/correlation-between-terms-of-5g-networks-iot-and-d2d-communication/nozima-musaboyeva-bahtiyor-qizi
Ericsson Technology Review: Versatile Video Coding explained – the future of ...Ericsson
Continuous innovation in 5G networks is creating new opportunities for video-enabled services for both consumers and industries, particularly in areas such as the Internet of Things and the automotive sector. These new services are expected to rely on continued video evolution toward 8K resolutions and beyond, and on new strict requirements such as low end-to-end latency for video delivery.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explores recent developments in video compression technology and introduces Versatile Video Coding (VVC) – a significant improvement on existing video codecs that we think deserves to be widely deployed in the market. VVC has the potential both to enhance the user experience for existing video services and offer an appropriate performance level for new media services over 5G networks.
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND DIGITAL REALITIES
The key role that connectivity plays in our personal and professional lives has never been more obvious than it is today. Thankfully, despite the sudden, dramatic changes in our behavior earlier this year, networks all around the world have proven to be highly resilient. At Ericsson, we’re committed to ensuring that the network platform continues to improve its ability to meet the full range of societal needs as well as supporting enterprises to stay competitive in the long term. We know that greater agility and speed will be essential.
This issue of our magazine includes several articles that explain Ericsson’s approach to future network development, including my annual technology trends article. The seven trends on this year’s list serve as a critical cornerstone in the development of a common Ericsson vision of what future networks will provide, and what sort of technology evolution will be required to get there.
ERIK EKUDDEN
Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer and Head of Group Function Technology
Ericsson Technology Review: Integrated access and backhaul – a new type of wi...Ericsson
Today millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum is valued mainly because it can be used to achieve high speeds and capacities when combined with spectrum assets below 6GHz. But it can provide other benefits as well. For example, mmWave spectrum makes it possible to use a promising new wireless backhaul solution for 5G New Radio – integrated access and backhaul (IAB) – to densify networks with multi-band radio sites at street level.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explains the IAB concept at a high level, presenting its architecture and key characteristics, as well as examining its advantages and disadvantages compared with other backhaul technologies. It concludes with a presentation of the promising results of several simulations that tested IAB as a backhaul option for street sites in both urban and suburban areas.
Ericsson Technology Review: Critical IoT connectivity: Ideal for time-critica...Ericsson
Critical Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity is an emerging concept in IoT development that enables more efficient and innovative services across a wide range of industries by reliably meeting time-critical communication needs. Mobile network operators (MNOs) are in the perfect position to enable these types of time-critical services due to their ability to leverage advanced 5G networks in a systematic and cost-effective way.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explores the benefits of Critical IoT connectivity in areas such as industrial control, mobility automation, remote control and real-time media. It also provides an overview of key network technologies and architectures. It concludes with several case studies based on two deployment scenarios – wide area and local area – that illustrate how well suited 5G spectrum assets are for Critical IoT use cases.
5G New Radio has already evolved in important ways since the 3GPP standardized Release 15 in late 2018. The significant enhancements in Releases 16 and 17 are certain to play a critical role in expanding both the availability and the applicability of 5G NR in both industry and public services in the near future.
This Ericsson Technology Review article summarizes the most notable new developments in releases 16 and 17, grouped into two categories: enhancements to existing features and features that address new verticals and deployment scenarios. This analysis and our insights about the future beyond Release 17 is an important component of our work to help mobile network operators and other stakeholders better understand and plan for the many new 5G NR opportunities that are on the horizon.
Ericsson Technology Review: The future of cloud computing: Highly distributed...Ericsson
The growing interest in cloud computing scenarios that incorporate both distributed computing capabilities and heterogeneous hardware presents a significant opportunity for network operators. With a vast distributed system (the telco network) already in place, the telecom industry has a significant advantage in the transition toward distributed cloud computing.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explores the future of cloud computing from the perspective of network operators, examining how they can best manage the complexity of future cloud deployments and overcome the technical challenges. Redefining cloud to expose and optimize the use of heterogeneous resources is not straightforward, but we are confident that our use cases and proof points validate our approach and will gain traction both in the telecommunications community and beyond.
Ericsson Technology Review: Optimizing UICC modules for IoT applicationsEricsson
Commonly referred to as SIM cards, the universal integrated circuit cards (UICCs) used in all cellular devices today are in fact complex and powerful minicomputers capable of much more than most Internet of Things (IoT) applications require. Until a simpler and less costly alternative becomes available, action must be taken to ensure that the relatively high price of UICC modules does not hamper IoT growth.
This Ericsson Technology Review article presents two mid-term approaches. The first is to make use of techniques that reduce the complexity of using UICCs in IoT applications, while the second is to use the UICCs’ excess capacity for additional value generation. Those who wish to exploit the potential of the UICCs to better support IoT applications have the opportunity to use them as cryptographic storage, to run higher-layer protocol stacks and/or as supervisory entities, for example.
Mobile data traffic volumes are expected to increase by a factor of four by 2025, and 45 percent of that traffic will be carried by 5G networks. To deliver on customer expectations in this rapidly changing environment, communication service providers must overcome challenges in three key areas: building sufficient capacity, resolving operational inefficiencies through automation and artificial intelligence, and improving service differentiation. This issue of ETR magazine provides insights about how to tackle all three.
Ericsson Technology Review: 5G BSS: Evolving BSS to fit the 5G economyEricsson
The 5G network evolution has opened up an abundance of new business opportunities for communication service providers (CSPs) in verticals such as industrial automation, security, health care and automotive. In order to successfully capitalize on them, CSPs must have business support systems (BSS) that are evolved to manage complex value chains and support new business models. Optimized information models and a high degree of automation are required to handle huge numbers of devices through open interfaces.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explains how 5G-evolved BSS can help CSPs transform themselves from traditional network developers to service enablers for 5G and the Internet of Things, and ultimately to service creators with the ability to collaborate beyond telecoms and establish lucrative digital value systems.
Ericsson Technology Review: 5G migration strategy from EPS to 5G systemEricsson
For many operators, the introduction of the 5G System (5GS) to provide wide-area services in existing Evolved Packet System (EPS) deployments is a necessary step toward creating a full-service, future-proof 5GS in the longer term. The creation of a combined 4G-5G network requires careful planning and a holistic strategy, as the introduction of 5GS has significant impacts across all network domains, including the RAN, packet core, user data and policies, and services, as well as affecting devices and backend systems.
This Ericsson Technology Review article provides an overview of all the aspects that operators need to consider when putting together a robust EPS-to-5GS migration strategy and provides guidance about how they can adapt the transition to address their particular needs per domain.
Ericsson Technology Review: Creating the next-generation edge-cloud ecosystemEricsson
The surge in data volume that will come from the massive number of devices enabled by 5G has made edge computing more important than ever before. Beyond its abilities to reduce network traffic and improve user experience, edge computing will also play a critical role in enabling use cases for ultra-reliable low-latency communication in industrial manufacturing and a variety of other sectors.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explores the topic of how to deliver distributed edge computing solutions that can host different kinds of platforms and applications and provide a high level of flexibility for application developers. Rather than building a new application ecosystem and platform, we strongly recommend reusing industrialized and proven capabilities, utilizing the momentum created with Cloud Native Computing Foundation, and ensuring backward compatibility.
The rise of the innovation platform
Society and industry are transforming at an unprecedented rate. At the same time, the network platform is emerging as an innovation platform with the potential to offer all the connectivity, processing, storage and security needed by current and future applications. In my 2019 trends article, featured in this issue of Ericsson Technology Review, I share my view of the future network platform in relation to six key technology trends.
This issue of the magazine also addresses critical topics such as trust enablement, the extension of computing resources all the way to the edge of the mobile network, the growing impact of the cloud in the telco domain, overcoming latency and battery consumption challenges, and the need for end-to-end connectivity. I hope it provides you with valuable insights about how to overcome the challenges ahead and take full advantage of new opportunities.
Ericsson Technology Review: Spotlight on the Internet of ThingsEricsson
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a fundamental cornerstone in the digitalization of both industry and society as a whole. It represents a huge opportunity not only in economic terms, but also from a global challenges perspective – making it easier for governments, non-governmental organizations and the private sector to address pressing food, energy, water and climate related issues.
5G and the IoT are closely intertwined. One of the biggest innovations within 5G is support for the IoT in all its forms, both by addressing mission criticality as well as making it possible to connect low-cost, long-battery-life sensors.
With this in mind, we decided to create a special issue of Ericsson Technology Review solely focused on IoT opportunities and challenges. I hope it provides you with valuable insights about the IoT-related opportunities available to your organization, along with ideas about how we can overcome the challenges ahead.
Ericsson Technology Review: Driving transformation in the automotive and road...Ericsson
A variety of automotive and transport services that require cellular connectivity are already in commercial operation today, and many more are yet to come. Among other things, these services will improve road safety and traffic efficiency, saving lives and helping to reduce the emissions that contribute to climate change. At Ericsson, we believe that the best way to address the growing connectivity needs of this industry sector is through a common network solution, as opposed to taking a single-segment silo approach.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explains how the ongoing rollout of 5G provides a cost-efficient and feature-rich foundation for a horizontal multiservice network that can meet the connectivity needs of the automotive and transport ecosystem. It also outlines the key challenges and presents potential solutions.
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NB-IoT: a sustainable technology for connecting billions of devices
1. STANDARDIZING NARROWBAND IoT ✱
APRIL 22, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 1
ERICSSON
TECHNOLOGY
GSM
LTE LTE
LTE
Standalone
200kHz
200kHz
200kHz
In-band
Guard band
C H A R T I N G T H E F U T U R E O F I N N O V A T I O N V O L U M E 9 3 | # 3 ∙ 2 0 1 6
NB-IOT:ASUSTAINABLE
TECHNOLOGYFOR
CONNECTING
BILLIONSOFDEVICES
2. ✱ STANDARDIZING NARROWBAND IoT
2 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ APRIL 22, 2016
SARA LANDSTRÖM
JOAKIM BERGSTRÖM
ERIK WESTERBERG
DAVID HAMMARWALL
Under the umbrella of 3GPP, radio-access technologies for mobile broadband
have evolved effectively to provide connectivity to billions of subscribers and
things. Within this ecosystem, the standardization of a radio technology for
massive MTC applications – narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) – is also evolving. The
aim is for this technology to provide cost-effective connectivity to billions of
IoT devices, supporting low power consumption, the use of low-cost devices,
and provision of excellent coverage – all rolled out as software on top of
existing LTE infrastructure. The design of NB-IoT mimics that of LTE, facilitating
radio network evolution and efficient coexistence with MBB, reducing time to
market, and reaping the benefits of standardization and economies of scale.
t h e b e s t way to provide MTC applications
with cost-effective connectivity is to design
the radio-access network accordingly.
What is needed is a radio-access network
that minimizes battery usage, covers a wide
area, and functions with simplified low-cost
devices while efficiently matching the varying
spectrum allocations of operators. 3GPP
release 13 specifications includes the NB-IoT
feature, with a large degree of deployment
flexibility to maximize migration possibilities
and allow the technology to be deployed in GSM
spectrum, in an LTE carrier, or in a WCDMA or
LTE guard band.
TheIoT embedsabroadrangeofMTC applications,
andamongthedifferenttypes,itiswidelyaccepted
thatmassiveMTC willbethefirsttotakeoff.This
segmentincludesapplicationslikesmartmetering,
agricultureandrealestatemonitoring,aswellas
varioustypesoftrackingandfleetmanagement.
Oftenreferredtoaslowpowerwidearea(LPWA),
networksthatprovideconnectivitytomassiveMTC
applicationsrequirearadio-accesstechnologythat
candeliverwidespreadcoverage,capacity,andlow
powerconsumption.
MassiveMTC devicestypicallysendsmall
amountsofdata,andtendtobeplacedinsignal-
challengedlocationslikebasementsandremote
ruralareas.Duetothesheernumbersofdevices
A SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY FOR
CONNECTING BILLIONS OF DEVICES
NB-IoT:
3. STANDARDIZING NARROWBAND IoT ✱
APRIL 22, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 3
deployedintypicalscenarios,per-deviceand
life-cyclecostsneedtobekepttoaminimum,
andmeasuresthatpromotebatterylongevityare
essentialforensuringtheoverallcost-effectiveness
ofthesystem.
Thecoverageandthroughputneedsformassive
MTC applicationsarequitedifferentfromthose
ofMBB.Theneedtosupporthighbitrates,for
example,appliestoMBB scenarios,butseldomto
massiveMTC.TheprecisenatureofmassiveMTC
allowsforasignificantdegreeofoptimizationinthe
designofradioaccess.
StandardizationofNB-IoT beganin2014with
a3GPP study.Theobjectiveofthisstudywasto
determinetherequirementsformassiveMTC,
tochooseanevaluationmethodology,andto
investigatewhetherproposedradio-accessdesigns
couldmeetthesetrequirements.Thisstudyled
toworkonthespecificationofNB-IoT [1],witha
numberofdesigntargets–asillustrated
inFigure1.
Inadditiontothedesigntargets,extensive
deploymentflexibilityanduseofindustry
competencetomeettime-to-marketrequirements
Terms and abbreviations
CS–circuit-switched | DL–downlink | DRX–discontinuous reception | eDRX–extended DRX | eMBMS–evolved
multimedia broadcast multicast service | eMTC–enhanced machine-type communications | EPC–Evolved Packet Core
| E-UTRA–Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access | IoT–Internet of Things | LPWA–low power wide area | MAC–
media/medium access control | MBB–mobile broadband | MTC–machine-type communications | NB-IoT–narrowband
Internet of Things | OFDMA–Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access | PA–power amplifier | PRB–physical
resource block | PSM–power save mode | RF–radio frequency | RLC–Radio Link Control | RRC–Radio Resource
Control | SC-FDMA–single-carrier frequency-division multiple access | TCO–total cost of ownership | UE–user
equipment | UL–uplink
Low device cost:
under USD 5 per module
Long battery life:
more than 10 years
Capacity:
40 devices per household
Extended coverage:
20dB better than GPRS
Report uplink latency:
less than 10 seconds
Figure 1:
IoT design targets
4. ✱ STANDARDIZING NARROWBAND IoT
4 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ APRIL 22, 2016
havebeenincludedaskeyconsiderationsinthe
specificationofNB-IoT.Tofuture-proofthe
technology,itsdesignexploitssynergieswithLTE
byreusingthehigherlayers(RLC,MAC,and
RRC),forexample,andbyaligningnumerology(the
foundationofthephysicallayer)inboththeuplink
anddownlink.However,theaccessproceduresand
controlchannelsforNB-IoT arenew.
PriortoNB-IoTspecification,workhadalready
begunonthedesignofanotherradioaccess
formassiveMTC tosupportCat-M1 – anew
UE category.Withcompletionalsotargetedfor
release 13,theresultingstandardizationworkitem–
eMTC –coversbitrates,forexample,rangingfrom
hundredsofkbpsto1Mbps.Theserequirementsare
broaderthanNB-IoT, which hasbeenstreamlined
forapplicationswithwidelyvaryingdeployment
characteristics,lowerdatarates,andoperationwith
simplifiedlow-costdevices.
Withacarrierbandwidthofjust200kHz(the
equivalentofaGSMcarrier),anNB-IoTcarriercan
bedeployedwithinanLTEcarrier,orinanLTEor
WCDMAguardband*.ThelinkbudgetofNB-IoT
hasa20dBimprovementoverLTEAdvanced.Inthe
uplink,thespecificationofNB-IoTallowsformany
devicestosendsmallamountsofdatainparallel.
Release13notonlyincludesstandardsforeMTC
andNB-IoT,italsocontainsimportantrefinements,
suchasextendeddiscontinuousreception(eDRX)
andpowersavemode(PSM).PSM wascompleted
inrelease12toensurebatterylongevity,andis
complementedbyeDRX forusecasesinvolving
devicesthatneedtoreceivedatamorefrequently.
Deploymentflexibilityand
migrationscenarios
As a finite and scarce natural resource, spectrum
needs to be used as efficiently as possible.
And so technologies that use spectrum tend
to be designed to minimize usage. To achieve
spectrum efficiency, NB-IoT has been designed
with a number of deployment options for GSM,
WCDMA, or LTE spectrum, which are illustrated
in Figure 2.
〉〉 standalone–replacingaGSMcarrierwithanNB-IoT
carrier
〉〉 in-band–throughflexibleuseofpartofanLTEcarrier
〉〉 guardband–eitherinWCDMAorLTE
Starting with standalone
Thestandalonedeploymentisagoodoptionfor
WCDMA orLTE networksrunninginparallelwith
GSM
LTE LTE
LTE
Standalone
200kHz
200kHz
200kHz
In-band
Guard band
Figure 2:
Spectrum usage
deployment options
*Guard band is a thin band
of spectrum between
radio bands that is used to
prevent interference.
5. STANDARDIZING NARROWBAND IoT ✱
APRIL 22, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 5
GSM.BysteeringsomeGSM/GPRS traffictothe
WCDMA orLTE network,oneormoreoftheGSM
carrierscanbeusedtocarryIoT traffic.AsGSM
operatesmainlyinthe900MHz and1,800MHz
bands(spectrumthatispresentinallmarkets),this
approachacceleratestimetomarket,andmaximizes
thebenefitsofaglobal-scaleinfrastructure.
Migrationtoin-band
Whenthetimingisright,GSM spectrumwill
berefarmedforusebymoredemandingMBB
traffic.RefarmingspectrumforusebyLTE is
astraightforwardprocess,evenwhenNB-IoT
carriersexistintheGSM spectrumbecause
refarmingdoesnotimpactNB-IoT devices,andany
NB-IoT carriersinGSM willcontinuetooperate
withintheLTE carrieraftermigration.Sucha
future-proofsetupispossible,asthestandaloneand
in-bandmodesusethesamenumerologyasLTE,
andRF requirementsaresettomatchthedifferent
deployments,soalldevicesareguaranteedto
supportin-bandoperationatthetimeofmigration.
In-band:bestoptionforLTE
ForoperatorswithmainlyLTE spectrumavailable,
theLTE in-bandoptionprovidesthemost
spectrum-andcost-efficientdeploymentofNB-IoT.
Morethananythingelse,thisparticularoptionsets
NB-IoT apartfromanyotherLPWA technology.
AnNB-IoT carrierisaself-containednetwork
elementthatusesasinglephysicalresourceblock
(PRB).Forin-banddeploymentswithnoIoT traffic
present,thePRB canbeusedbyLTE forother
purposes,astheinfrastructureandspectrumusage
ofLTE andNB-IoT arefullyintegrated.Thebase
stationschedulermultiplexesNB-IoT andLTE
trafficontothesamespectrum,whichminimizesthe
totalcostofoperationforMTC, which essentially
scaleswiththevolumeofMTC traffic.Intermsof
capacity,thecapabilityofasingleNB-IoT carrier
isquitesignificant–evaluationshaveshownthat
astandarddeploymentcansupportadeployment
densityof200,000NB-IoT deviceswithinacell–for
anactivitylevelcorrespondingtocommonusecases.
Naturally,moreNB-IoT carrierscanbeaddedif
morecapacityisneeded.
Usingguardbandspectrum
AthirdalternativeistodeployNB-IoT inaguard
band,andhere,thefocusisontheuseofsuchbands
inLTE.Tooperateinaguardbandwithoutcausing
interference,NB-IoT andLTE needtocoexist.In
contrasttootherLPWA technologies,thephysical
NB-IoT layershavebeendesignedwiththe
requirementsofin-LTE-guard-bandcoexistence
specificallytakenintoconsideration.Again,like
LTE,NB-IoT usesOFDMA inthedownlinkand
SC-FDMA intheuplink.
ThedesignofNB-IoT hasfullyadoptedLTE
numerology,using15kHz subcarriersintheuplink
anddownlink,withanadditionaloptionfor3.75kHz
subcarriersintheuplinktoprovidecapacityin
signal-strength-limitedscenarios.
Longrangeandlongbatterylife
Thegeographicalareaforwhichamobilenetwork
canprovidecoveragedependsonsitedensityand
linkbudget.ComparedwithGPRS,WCDMA and
LTE,thelinkbudgetofNB-IoT hasa20dBmargin,
andusecasestendtooperatewithlowerdatarates.
So,notonlycanNB-IoT reusetheGSM,
WCDMA,orLTE grid,theimprovedlinkbudget
enablesittoreachIoT devicesinsignal-challenged
locationssuchasbasements,tunnels,andremote
ruralareas–placesthatcannotbereachedusingthe
network’svoiceandMBB services.
Intechnicalterms,thecoveragetargetofNB-IoT
hasalinkbudgetof164dB,whereasthecurrent
GPRS linkbudgetis144dB(TR 45.820[2]),andLTE
is142.7dB**(TR 36.888[3]).The20dBimprovement
correspondstoasevenfoldincreaseincoveragearea
foranopenenvironment,orroughlythelossthat
occurswhenasignalpenetratestheouterwallofa
building.Standardizationactivitiesin3GPP have
shownthatNB-IoT meetsthelinkbudgettarget
of164dB,whilesimultaneouslymeetingtheMTC
applicationrequirementsfordatarate,latency,and
batterylife.
ThebatterylifeofanMTC devicedependsto
someextentonthetechnologyusedinthephysical
layerfortransmittingandreceivingdata.However,
longevitydependstoagreaterextentonhow
efficientlyadevicecanutilizevariousidleandsleep
** The noise figure
assumptions in3GPP TS
36.888 [3] used in the link
budget calculations are
more conservative than
in the corresponding link
budget for GSM in 3GPP
TR 45.820. Using the
noise figure assumptions
from TR 45.820, the LTE
link budget becomes
142.7dB.
9. STANDARDIZING NARROWBAND IoT ✱
APRIL 22, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 9
NB-IoT bringsaboutasignificantdesignchange
intermsoftheplacementofthedevice'spower
amplifier(PA).Integratingthiselementdirectlyonto
thechip,insteadofitbeinganexternalcomponent,
enablessingle-chipmodemimplementations–
whicharecheaper.
Reuseofexistingtechnology
ThedesignofNB-IoT radioaccessreusesanumber
ofLTE designprinciplesandhasthebackingofthe
traditionalcellular-networkandchipsetvendors
thatmadeMBB asuccess.NB-IoT employsthe
samedesignprinciplesasLTE (E-UTRA),although
itusesaseparatenewcarrier,newchannels,and
randomaccessprocedurestomeetthetarget
requirementsofIoT usecases–suchasimproved
coverage,lowerbatteryconsumptionandoperation
innarrowspectrum.ConstructingNB-IoT inthis
waytakesadvantageofLTE’swell-established
globalreach,economiesofscale,andindustry-
leadingecosystem.
TheNB-IoT downlinkisbasedonOFDMA and
maintainsthesamesubcarrierspacing,OFDM
symbolduration,slotformat,slotduration,and
subframedurationasLTE.Asaresult,NB-IoT can
providebothin-bandandguardbanddeployment
withoutcausinginterferencebetweenitscarriers
andthoseusedbyLTE forMBB,makingNB-IoT
awellintegratedIoTsolutionforLTE-focused
operatorsinadditiontoCat-M1.
Useofthesameupperlayersisyetanother
similaritybetweenLTE andNB-IoT,withsome
optimizationstosupportoperationwithlow-cost
devices.Forexample,asasingletechnologysolution,
NB-IoT doesnotsupportdualconnectivity;and
devicesdonotsupportswitchingbetweenaccess
technologies(GSM,WCDMA,orWi-Fi)inactive
mode.SupportforCS voiceserviceshasalsobeen
removed.Thesescopesavingsresultinamuch
lowerrequirementformemorycapacityforNB-IoT
devicescomparedwitheventhemostrudimentary
MBB LTE ones.
NB-IoT usesanS1-basedconnectionbetween
theradionetworkandtheEPC.Theconnectionto
theEPC providesNB-IoT deviceswithsupportfor
roamingandflexiblecharging,meaningthatdevices
canbeinstalledanywhereandcanfunctionglobally.
Theambitionistoenablecertainclassesofdevices
–likesmokedetectors–tobehandledwithpriority
toensurethatemergency-situationdatacanbe
prioritizedifthenetworkiscongested.
Existing3GPP architectureprovidesaglobal,
highlyautomatedconnectivitymanagementsolution
thatisneededforlarge-scaleIoT deployments.
NB-IoT andLTE usethesameO&Mframework,
runningasasinglenetworkcarryingMBB and
MTC traffic,whichreducesoperationalcostsin
areaslikeprovisioning,monitoring,billing,and
devicemanagement.SimilartopresentLTE
networks,NB-IoT supportsstate-of-the-art3GPP
security,withauthentication,signalingprotection,
anddataencryption.
LTE featuresthatalreadyexist,likecell-ID-based
positioning,arestraightforwardenoughfor
NB-IoT toinherit.ByaligningwithLTE evolution,
NB-IoT couldsupportexistingfeaturesand
DATA RATE IS A
SIGNIFICANT FACTOR
WHEN TRYING TO ACHIEVE THE
BEST DESIGN FOR NB-IOT, AS IT
AFFECTS BOTH LATENCY AND
POWER CONSUMPTION
NB-IoT: the advantages of being part of 3GPP
〉〉useoftheLTEecosystem,leadingtofast
development,economiesofscale,andglobal
roaming
〉〉 canbedeployedasasimpleadditionofnewsoftware
toexistingLTEinfrastructure
〉〉amanagementframeworkexists,enablinglarge-
scaledeployments
〉〉frameworkincludesstate-of-the-artsecurity
〉〉futurefeaturegrowthforMBBandNB-IoTusecases
10. ✱ STANDARDIZING NARROWBAND IoT
10 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ APRIL 22, 2016
futurefunctionalitydesignedfortheentirecellular
ecosystem,includingMBB aswellasIoT usecases.
ThebroadcastfeatureeMBMS enablesalarge
numberofdevicestobeupdatedsimultaneously,
andthedevice-to-devicecommunicationfeature
thatrelaystransmissionstodevicesinpoorcoverage
areexamplesofsynergies.Inthefuture,thesetwo
featurescanbespecifiedforNB-IoT usingthesame
conceptsandexperiencethatwereusedtodevelop
themforLTE MBB.
Conclusions
NB-IoT isthe3GPP radio-accesstechnology
designedtomeettheconnectivityrequirements
formassiveMTC applications.Incontrasttoother
MTC standards,NB-IoT enjoysallthebenefits
oflicensedspectrum,thefeaturerichnessofEPC,
andtheoverallecosystemspreadof3GPP.Atthe
sametime,NB-IoT hasbeendesignedtomeetthe
challengingTCO structureoftheIoT market,in
termsofdeviceandRAN cost,whichscaleswith
transferreddatavolumes.
ThespecificationforNB-IoT ispartof3GPP
release 13anditincludesanumberofdesigntargets:
devicecostunderUSD 5permodule;acoverage
areathatisseventimesgreaterthanexisting3GPP
technologies;devicebatterylifethatislongerthan
10yearswithsustainedreachability;andmeeta
capacitydensityof40devicesperhousehold.
AsNB-IoT canbedeployedinGSM spectrum,
withinanLTE carrier,orinanLTE orWCDMA
guardband,itprovidesexcellentdeployment
flexibilityrelatedtospectrumallocation,whichin
turnfacilitatesmigration.Operationinlicensed
spectrumensuresthatcapacityandcoverage
performancetargetscanbeguaranteedforthe
lifetimeofadevice,incontrasttotechnologies
thatuseunlicensedspectrum,whichruntherisk
ofuncontrolledinterferenceemergingevenyears
afterdeployment,potentiallyknockingoutlarge
populationsofMTC devices.
Thefirststandarddevelopmentof5G radio
accessiscurrentlyunderway,withsystem
deploymenttargetedfor2020.Inthiscontext,the
abilitytofuture-proofadditionaltechnologieslike
NB-IoT isatoppriority.Intheongoingdiscussions
in3GPP surrounding5G,LTE willcontinuetobe
anintegralpartofradionetworksbeyond2020,and
so,NB-IoT'sresemblancetoLTE safeguardsthe
technologyfromdivergingevolutionpaths.
References
1. 3GPP, December 2015, NB-IoT work item description RP-152284, available at: http://ow.ly/4mQAfx
2. 3GPP, TR 45.820, Cellular system support for ultra-low complexity and low throughput Internet of Things
(CIoT), available at: http://ow.ly/4mQAny
3. 3GPP, TR 36.888, Study on provision of low-cost Machine-Type Communications (MTC) User Equipments
(UEs) based on LTE (v12.0.0), available at: http://ow.ly/4mQAwn
11. STANDARDIZING NARROWBAND IoT ✱
APRIL 22, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 11
Sara Landström
◆ is a strategic product
manager in the area of 4G
and 5G at Ericsson. She
is currently responsible
for the IoT, V2X, and
carrier aggregation radio
portfolios. She joined
Ericsson in 2008 as a
researcher focusing on radio
resource management,
heterogeneous networks,
and radio access for IoT.
Since then she has been
project manager for
various proprietary feature
development projects
and has headed up the
Radio Network Algorithms
research group.
She holds an M.Sc. in
computer engineering
and a Ph.D. in computer
networking, both from
Luleå University of
Technology, Sweden.
Joakim Bergström
◆ is an expert in new radio-
access networks at Design
Unit Radio. He has more
than 15 years of experience
in standardization within
the 3GPP RAN area working
with HSPA, LTE and 5G. He
holds an M.Sc. in electrical
engineering from KTH Royal
Institute of Technology,
Stockholm. Within the radio
area, he has coordinated all
of Ericsson’s standardization
activities and projects since
2011.
Erik Westerberg
◆ joined Ericsson from
MIT, Massachusetts, US, in
1996 and is a senior expert
in system and network
architecture. During his
first 10 years at Ericsson, he
worked with development
of the mobile broadband
systems before broadening
his work to include the full
network architecture as he
served as Chief Network
Architect until 2014. He
holds a Ph.D. in quantum
physics from Stockholm
University, Sweden.
David Hammarwall
◆ is head of Services
and Infrastructure within
Product Area 4G/5G RAN.
A main driver of Ericsson’s
strategy and execution
within the Cellular Internet
of Things, Hammarwall
joined Ericsson’s LTE
product management
team in 2013, with primary
responsibilities for LTE
baseband capacity,
software architecture,
and features developed in
device partnerships.
He received his Ph.D. in
telecommunications from
KTH Royal Institute of
Technology in Stockholm in
2007 before joining Ericsson
Research to focus primarily
on 3GPP standardization.
He has acted as a primary
standardization delegate
in 3GPP, leading Ericsson’s
standardization efforts
and strategy within multi-
antenna technologies,
Coordinated Multipoint, and
small cell enhancements.
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