In this video / presentation we will look at how is connectivity provided in the tunnels for underground trains (a.k.a. tube, subway, metro, etc.).
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Introduction to 5G Reduced Capability (RedCap) Devices3G4G
A quick introduction to new 3GPP Release-17 feature called RedCap or Reduced Capability New Radio devices. This feature was earlier called NR-Light / NR-Lite and is sometimes referred to as Low Complexity NR devices.
This tutorial looks at why this is needed, how is it different from the existing 5G requirements for eMBB, URLLC & mMTC, and why can't 4G be used instead of 5G for this feature.
We will also look at some of the proposals for enhancement of RedCap that are being discussed for 5G-Advanced in 3GPP Release-18
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
A simple presentation & video looking at how mobile cellular connectivity and wi-fi works in a plane. Also looks at latency & ping calculations on the plane. Finally we will look at how the new European Aviation Network will help improve the data speeds and latency.
Network slicing is a key technology for 5G that allows dynamic sharing of network infrastructure and resources through virtualization. It can generate new revenue sources by enabling flexible plans for different customer needs. The UK 5G testbeds and trials aim to explore network slicing through real-world use cases and help accelerate its adoption and development of new 5G business models. Participants are invited to get involved by registering at www.UK5G.org and providing or uploading relevant content.
This updated presentation/video looks at 5G Network Architecture options that have been proposed by 3GPP for deployment of 5G. It covers the Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture. In the NSA architecture, EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), NGEN-DC (NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) and NE-DC (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity) has been looked at. Finally, migration strategies proposed by vendors and operators (MNOs / SPs) have been discussed.
Small Cells, Macrocells, Backhaul, Infrastructure and other connectivity solu...3G4G
The document summarizes products and solutions seen by the author at Mobile World Congress 2018. It provides information on 29 different companies offering small cells, backhaul solutions, and other connectivity products. While trying to be comprehensive, it notes that coverage of large, established vendors is limited and the presentation does not evaluate the relative strengths or market positions of the companies.
3GPP SON Series: Minimization of Drive Testing (MDT)3G4G
This SON tutorial is part of the 3GPP Self-Organizing Networks series (#3GPPSONSeries). In this part we will look at a very important feature called Minimization of Drive Testing (MDT)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
SON Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/SON/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Part 6: Standalone and Non-Standalone 5G - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
In this video / presentation we will look at how is connectivity provided in the tunnels for underground trains (a.k.a. tube, subway, metro, etc.).
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Introduction to 5G Reduced Capability (RedCap) Devices3G4G
A quick introduction to new 3GPP Release-17 feature called RedCap or Reduced Capability New Radio devices. This feature was earlier called NR-Light / NR-Lite and is sometimes referred to as Low Complexity NR devices.
This tutorial looks at why this is needed, how is it different from the existing 5G requirements for eMBB, URLLC & mMTC, and why can't 4G be used instead of 5G for this feature.
We will also look at some of the proposals for enhancement of RedCap that are being discussed for 5G-Advanced in 3GPP Release-18
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
A simple presentation & video looking at how mobile cellular connectivity and wi-fi works in a plane. Also looks at latency & ping calculations on the plane. Finally we will look at how the new European Aviation Network will help improve the data speeds and latency.
Network slicing is a key technology for 5G that allows dynamic sharing of network infrastructure and resources through virtualization. It can generate new revenue sources by enabling flexible plans for different customer needs. The UK 5G testbeds and trials aim to explore network slicing through real-world use cases and help accelerate its adoption and development of new 5G business models. Participants are invited to get involved by registering at www.UK5G.org and providing or uploading relevant content.
This updated presentation/video looks at 5G Network Architecture options that have been proposed by 3GPP for deployment of 5G. It covers the Standalone (SA) and Non-Standalone (NSA) architecture. In the NSA architecture, EN-DC (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity), NGEN-DC (NG-RAN E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity) and NE-DC (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity) has been looked at. Finally, migration strategies proposed by vendors and operators (MNOs / SPs) have been discussed.
Small Cells, Macrocells, Backhaul, Infrastructure and other connectivity solu...3G4G
The document summarizes products and solutions seen by the author at Mobile World Congress 2018. It provides information on 29 different companies offering small cells, backhaul solutions, and other connectivity products. While trying to be comprehensive, it notes that coverage of large, established vendors is limited and the presentation does not evaluate the relative strengths or market positions of the companies.
3GPP SON Series: Minimization of Drive Testing (MDT)3G4G
This SON tutorial is part of the 3GPP Self-Organizing Networks series (#3GPPSONSeries). In this part we will look at a very important feature called Minimization of Drive Testing (MDT)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
SON Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/SON/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Part 6: Standalone and Non-Standalone 5G - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
In three short webinars, on the morning of April 9, 3GPP presented some conclusions and highlights of the 3GPP Technical Specification Group (TSG) Plenary meetings, held as e-meetings during the week – March 16-20. At 12:00 CET – Georg Mayer, TSG SA Chair, shared his thoughts on the progress of the last Plenary of the week, SA87-E. Video could be watched here: https://vimeo.com/407214100
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
Part 8: 5G Spectrum - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at the 6G Groups. Many different countries and regions have setup groups to ensure leadership in the next generation of technology. In addition to these, some universities are starting their own groups and initiatives to ensure 6G leadership. This video will look at some of the main ones. Please feel free to let us know the ones we missed. This will help us include them in future updates.
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
5G will connect virtually everything around us to transform a wide range of industries — manufacturing, automotive, logistics, and many more, and we are on track to make 5G NR — the global 5G standard — a commercial reality by 2019. However, this first phase of 5G mainly focuses on enhanced mobile broadband services, which will contribute to part of the total projected $12T 5G economy. 5G NR will continue to evolve in Release 16 and beyond to further expand 5G’s reach to new devices, services, and ecosystem players.
Understanding 5G: Perspectives on future technological advancements in mobilessk
This document discusses perspectives on 5G and its future technological advancements. There are currently two definitions of 5G - a service-led view that sees 5G as consolidating existing technologies to provide greater coverage/reliability, and a view driven by a step change in data speeds (>1Gbps) and latency (<1ms) requiring a true generational shift. Achieving sub-1ms latency across large networks presents a major technical challenge and will define 5G. At the same time, 4G networks will continue to evolve through technologies like NFV/SDN and increase adoption in many countries.
Critical networking using mesh Wi-SUN technology3G4G
Presented by Dr Simon Dunkley in Cambridge Wireless Radio Technology SIG (23 Jan 2017) - http://www.cambridgewireless.co.uk/crmapp/EventResource.aspx?objid=61129
Shared with permission
A detailed look at what is meant by private networks, why do we need them and why the sudden interest in them. Also discussed is the 3GPP defined 5G Non-Public Networks (NPN), they architecture, implementation, pros and cons. In addition RAN sharing and Campus Networks are also discussed with regards to where they fit in the private networks.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
This document provides an overview of 5G networks including:
- 5G aims to deliver data rates of up to 10 Gbps, 100 Mbps in urban areas, and coverage everywhere with massive device connectivity and reduced power consumption.
- 5G will utilize spectrum from sub-1 GHz to 100 GHz including millimeter wave bands and enable new use cases across industries.
- Standardization is expected to begin in 2016 with commercial launches starting in 2020. Major players are conducting trials and collaborating globally to develop 5G technologies and architectures.
Beginners: Open RAN Terminology – Virtualization, Disaggregation & Decomposition3G4G
This document provides an overview of Open RAN terminology including virtualization, disaggregation, and decomposition. It explains the evolution from traditional integrated RAN architectures to disaggregated architectures with open interfaces. The key aspects covered are horizontal openness through open interfaces, vertical openness through virtualization and compute disaggregation, and the decomposition of RAN functions into distributed units and centralized units. References for further reading on Open RAN, O-RAN, and RAN disaggregation are also provided.
The document discusses the concept of 5G mobile networks. It notes that new mobile generations have emerged every 10 years, with 5G expected by 2020. 5G networks will utilize nanotechnology, cloud computing, and an all-IP platform. Key aspects of 5G architecture include the nanocore for controlling devices at the nanoscale, cloud computing for flexible resources, and a flat IP network for universal access. Beam division multiple access allows beams to be allocated to each mobile station for increased capacity. 802.11ac is an interim step providing speeds up to 1.35Gbps to help enable a 5G "Star Trek" world.
Recent advances in Broadcasting standards and research3G4G
Dr. Belkacem Mouhouche – Samsung Electronics
Chief Standards Engineer
Technical Manager of 5G projects: 5G-Xcast and 5G-Tours
Presented in IEEE 5G Summit Istanbul, June 2019
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
All our slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
6G Training Course Part 7: 6G Technologies - Introduction3G4G
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at 6G Technologies. As this is a huge topic, we are only going to discuss the technologies at a very high level. Later on we will create more detailed presentations on 6G technologies. In this part we will look at some of the 6G technologies being proposed by other researchers, organisations, vendors and operators and create a summary of the 6G technologies that are being discussed. These technologies each merit their own little presentation that we hope to make in the future
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
Numerology in the context of 5G refers to the configuration of waveform parameters for OFDM-based subframes having different subcarrier spacing and symbol time. The 5G NR radio frame is defined in units of 10ms with subframes of 1ms, and slots of 14 OFDM symbols with a time interval depending on subcarrier spacing. Subcarrier spacing in 5G NR is specified as 15x2^n kHz, where n can be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, defining spacings of 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 kHz, and may also include negative values like 7.5 kHz and 3.75 kHz.
Why does Jio want 5G Network Architecture Option 6?3G4G
In this opinion piece we look at what is 5G Network Architecture Option 6 and why is India’s largest mobile network operator, Reliance Jio, pushing for it, even though the industry and standards don’t support it.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Intermediate: 5G Applications Architecture - A look at Application Functions ...3G4G
In this tutorial we look at the 5G Applications architecture. We discuss 5G applications, application functions and application servers and how they fit together in a 5G Service Based Architecture
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Different Types of RAN Architectures - Distributed, Centralized & ...3G4G
In this basic tutorial we look at different types of RAN architectures that are always being discussed. We start with the Distributed RAN (D-RAN) and then look at Centralized and Cloud RAN (both referred to as C-RAN) architectures. We also quickly look at RAN functional splits for 5G and then tie this all together.
We also look at how Samsung and Nokia discuss these architectures in the context of 5G.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Open RAN Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/OpenRAN/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Energy Consumption in Mobile Networks - RAN Power Saving Schemes3G4G
This tutorial looks at energy consumption in the mobile networks, especially 4G and 5G and looks at various ways in which the vendors and standards are working on to reduce the power consumption.
At a high level, there are three layers of optimisation: Network level, Site level and Equipment level. This presentation looks at some of the ways the optimisation is achieved.
There is a long list of references available for anyone interested in researching this topic further.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Misc: Introduction to ATSSS - Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting3G4G
ATSSS (Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting) is a new 5G functionality that allows traffic to be steered across multiple concurrent access networks, such as 3GPP, trusted non-3GPP, and untrusted non-3GPP, at a finer granularity than a single PDU session. It introduces the concept of multi-access PDU sessions. ATSSS is controlled by the 5G core network's PCF and can utilize higher layer MPTCP or lower layer steering methods to optimize traffic routing. Initial ATSSS deployments are expected to begin in 2021/2022 as 5G core networks and multi-access integration are implemented.
This document discusses the development and commercialization of 5G networks. It provides an overview of the evolution of mobile networks from analog voice to 4G LTE and highlights how 5G will enable new experiences through vastly higher speeds and lower latency. It outlines the 5G New Radio standard being developed by 3GPP and Qualcomm's role in driving 5G technology and standardization. It also presents the results of an industry-first simulation showing significant user experience gains of 5G over 4G LTE.
Over the last year, the industry has made tremendous progress towards making 5G NR a reality with Qualcomm leading the way. We have completed the first release of 3GPP 5G NR specifications, we are set to kick-off 3GPP-compliant 5G NR trials, and we are accelerating global 5G NR enhanced mobile broadband commercial deployments to start in 2019.
But yet there still remains a decent amount of mystery and skepticism around 5G NR. What exactly is 5G NR? What technologies and use cases will see first and why? Are wide-scale 2019 mobile deployments really possible? And what will the evolution of 5G NR bring beyond 2019?
In three short webinars, on the morning of April 9, 3GPP presented some conclusions and highlights of the 3GPP Technical Specification Group (TSG) Plenary meetings, held as e-meetings during the week – March 16-20. At 12:00 CET – Georg Mayer, TSG SA Chair, shared his thoughts on the progress of the last Plenary of the week, SA87-E. Video could be watched here: https://vimeo.com/407214100
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
Part 8: 5G Spectrum - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at the 6G Groups. Many different countries and regions have setup groups to ensure leadership in the next generation of technology. In addition to these, some universities are starting their own groups and initiatives to ensure 6G leadership. This video will look at some of the main ones. Please feel free to let us know the ones we missed. This will help us include them in future updates.
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
5G will connect virtually everything around us to transform a wide range of industries — manufacturing, automotive, logistics, and many more, and we are on track to make 5G NR — the global 5G standard — a commercial reality by 2019. However, this first phase of 5G mainly focuses on enhanced mobile broadband services, which will contribute to part of the total projected $12T 5G economy. 5G NR will continue to evolve in Release 16 and beyond to further expand 5G’s reach to new devices, services, and ecosystem players.
Understanding 5G: Perspectives on future technological advancements in mobilessk
This document discusses perspectives on 5G and its future technological advancements. There are currently two definitions of 5G - a service-led view that sees 5G as consolidating existing technologies to provide greater coverage/reliability, and a view driven by a step change in data speeds (>1Gbps) and latency (<1ms) requiring a true generational shift. Achieving sub-1ms latency across large networks presents a major technical challenge and will define 5G. At the same time, 4G networks will continue to evolve through technologies like NFV/SDN and increase adoption in many countries.
Critical networking using mesh Wi-SUN technology3G4G
Presented by Dr Simon Dunkley in Cambridge Wireless Radio Technology SIG (23 Jan 2017) - http://www.cambridgewireless.co.uk/crmapp/EventResource.aspx?objid=61129
Shared with permission
A detailed look at what is meant by private networks, why do we need them and why the sudden interest in them. Also discussed is the 3GPP defined 5G Non-Public Networks (NPN), they architecture, implementation, pros and cons. In addition RAN sharing and Campus Networks are also discussed with regards to where they fit in the private networks.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
This document provides an overview of 5G networks including:
- 5G aims to deliver data rates of up to 10 Gbps, 100 Mbps in urban areas, and coverage everywhere with massive device connectivity and reduced power consumption.
- 5G will utilize spectrum from sub-1 GHz to 100 GHz including millimeter wave bands and enable new use cases across industries.
- Standardization is expected to begin in 2016 with commercial launches starting in 2020. Major players are conducting trials and collaborating globally to develop 5G technologies and architectures.
Beginners: Open RAN Terminology – Virtualization, Disaggregation & Decomposition3G4G
This document provides an overview of Open RAN terminology including virtualization, disaggregation, and decomposition. It explains the evolution from traditional integrated RAN architectures to disaggregated architectures with open interfaces. The key aspects covered are horizontal openness through open interfaces, vertical openness through virtualization and compute disaggregation, and the decomposition of RAN functions into distributed units and centralized units. References for further reading on Open RAN, O-RAN, and RAN disaggregation are also provided.
The document discusses the concept of 5G mobile networks. It notes that new mobile generations have emerged every 10 years, with 5G expected by 2020. 5G networks will utilize nanotechnology, cloud computing, and an all-IP platform. Key aspects of 5G architecture include the nanocore for controlling devices at the nanoscale, cloud computing for flexible resources, and a flat IP network for universal access. Beam division multiple access allows beams to be allocated to each mobile station for increased capacity. 802.11ac is an interim step providing speeds up to 1.35Gbps to help enable a 5G "Star Trek" world.
Recent advances in Broadcasting standards and research3G4G
Dr. Belkacem Mouhouche – Samsung Electronics
Chief Standards Engineer
Technical Manager of 5G projects: 5G-Xcast and 5G-Tours
Presented in IEEE 5G Summit Istanbul, June 2019
*** SHARED WITH PERMISSION ***
All our slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
6G Training Course Part 7: 6G Technologies - Introduction3G4G
After our successful launch of '5G for Absolute Beginners' course (http://bit.ly/5Gbegins) in 2020, we decided to create an introductory training course on 6G Mobile Wireless Communications technology. The course is ready and the best way to navigate it is via the Free 6G Training page at: https://bit.ly/6Gintro - this will ensure that you have the latest version of each video and also the most recent version of the 6G technologies videos as and they are added.
In this part we will look at 6G Technologies. As this is a huge topic, we are only going to discuss the technologies at a very high level. Later on we will create more detailed presentations on 6G technologies. In this part we will look at some of the 6G technologies being proposed by other researchers, organisations, vendors and operators and create a summary of the 6G technologies that are being discussed. These technologies each merit their own little presentation that we hope to make in the future
This course is part of #Free6Gtraining initiative (https://www.free6gtraining.com/)
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
6G and Beyond-5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/6G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Free 6G Training Blog: https://www.free6gtraining.com/
Numerology in the context of 5G refers to the configuration of waveform parameters for OFDM-based subframes having different subcarrier spacing and symbol time. The 5G NR radio frame is defined in units of 10ms with subframes of 1ms, and slots of 14 OFDM symbols with a time interval depending on subcarrier spacing. Subcarrier spacing in 5G NR is specified as 15x2^n kHz, where n can be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, defining spacings of 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 kHz, and may also include negative values like 7.5 kHz and 3.75 kHz.
Why does Jio want 5G Network Architecture Option 6?3G4G
In this opinion piece we look at what is 5G Network Architecture Option 6 and why is India’s largest mobile network operator, Reliance Jio, pushing for it, even though the industry and standards don’t support it.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Intermediate: 5G Applications Architecture - A look at Application Functions ...3G4G
In this tutorial we look at the 5G Applications architecture. We discuss 5G applications, application functions and application servers and how they fit together in a 5G Service Based Architecture
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Different Types of RAN Architectures - Distributed, Centralized & ...3G4G
In this basic tutorial we look at different types of RAN architectures that are always being discussed. We start with the Distributed RAN (D-RAN) and then look at Centralized and Cloud RAN (both referred to as C-RAN) architectures. We also quickly look at RAN functional splits for 5G and then tie this all together.
We also look at how Samsung and Nokia discuss these architectures in the context of 5G.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
Open RAN Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/OpenRAN/
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Beginners: Energy Consumption in Mobile Networks - RAN Power Saving Schemes3G4G
This tutorial looks at energy consumption in the mobile networks, especially 4G and 5G and looks at various ways in which the vendors and standards are working on to reduce the power consumption.
At a high level, there are three layers of optimisation: Network level, Site level and Equipment level. This presentation looks at some of the ways the optimisation is achieved.
There is a long list of references available for anyone interested in researching this topic further.
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Misc: Introduction to ATSSS - Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting3G4G
ATSSS (Access Traffic Steering, Switching and Splitting) is a new 5G functionality that allows traffic to be steered across multiple concurrent access networks, such as 3GPP, trusted non-3GPP, and untrusted non-3GPP, at a finer granularity than a single PDU session. It introduces the concept of multi-access PDU sessions. ATSSS is controlled by the 5G core network's PCF and can utilize higher layer MPTCP or lower layer steering methods to optimize traffic routing. Initial ATSSS deployments are expected to begin in 2021/2022 as 5G core networks and multi-access integration are implemented.
This document discusses the development and commercialization of 5G networks. It provides an overview of the evolution of mobile networks from analog voice to 4G LTE and highlights how 5G will enable new experiences through vastly higher speeds and lower latency. It outlines the 5G New Radio standard being developed by 3GPP and Qualcomm's role in driving 5G technology and standardization. It also presents the results of an industry-first simulation showing significant user experience gains of 5G over 4G LTE.
Over the last year, the industry has made tremendous progress towards making 5G NR a reality with Qualcomm leading the way. We have completed the first release of 3GPP 5G NR specifications, we are set to kick-off 3GPP-compliant 5G NR trials, and we are accelerating global 5G NR enhanced mobile broadband commercial deployments to start in 2019.
But yet there still remains a decent amount of mystery and skepticism around 5G NR. What exactly is 5G NR? What technologies and use cases will see first and why? Are wide-scale 2019 mobile deployments really possible? And what will the evolution of 5G NR bring beyond 2019?
Qualcomm is developing 5G NR technology to enable a unified 5G air interface that can address diverse spectrum types, services, and deployments. 5G will transform industries and society by connecting billions of devices and delivering new immersive experiences with requirements such as ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability. Qualcomm is leading innovations for 5G NR such as optimized waveforms, scalable numerology and transmission time interval, efficient spectrum utilization techniques, and support for diverse spectrum bands and deployments.
Making 5G New Radio a Reality - by QualcommAydin Karaer
Qualcomm is developing 5G NR technology to enable a unified 5G air interface that can address diverse spectrum types, services, and deployments. 5G will transform industries and society by connecting billions of devices and delivering new immersive experiences with requirements such as ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability. Qualcomm is leading innovations for 5G NR such as advanced channel coding, massive MIMO, and mobilizing mmWave to achieve the speed, capacity, and low latency goals of 5G over the next decade.
Accelerating our 5G future: a first look at 3GPP Rel-17 and beyondQualcomm Research
In December 2019, the scope of 3GPP Release 17 was decided in the Plenary meeting in Spain. This presentation outlines the details of this 3rd release of 5G standards.
DWS16 - Mobile networks forum - Laurent Fournier, QualcommIDATE DigiWorld
The document summarizes key aspects of 5G NR (5th generation New Radio) technology being developed by Qualcomm to enable 5G networks and services. It discusses how 5G NR will provide scalability to address diverse services and devices through flexible spectrum allocation across low, mid, and high bands. It also outlines how 5G NR is being designed to enable massive IoT through technologies like NB-IoT, and mission critical applications through features enabling high reliability, low latency, and high availability. The document shares Qualcomm's efforts in driving 5G NR technology innovations and trials to help realize a future of multi-Gbps data rates, low latency services, and new immersive experiences through 5G.
This presentation takes a look at the technology roadmap for 5G NR millimeter wave (mmWave). Including features such as integrated access and backhaul (IAB), enhancements in beam management, mobility, coverage, and more. For more information, please visit www.qualcomm.com/mmwave
5G will be much more than just a new generation with faster peak rates. We are building a unified, more capable 5G platform to connect new industries, enable new services and empower new user experiences. This presentation details the key components for designing the unified, more capable 5G platform featuring an OFDM-based unified air interface. Learn about the key technology enablers for the 5G platform, and see how we are pioneering many of these technologies today with LTE Advanced and Wi-Fi.
For more information on 5G technologies, use cases and timelines, please visit us at www.qualcomm.com/5G.
Building a-unified-more-capable-5 g-platform-november-2015Saurabh Verma
Building a unified 5G platform that is edgeless, unified, and scalable to connect virtually anything anywhere. 5G will enhance existing use cases like enhanced mobile broadband, and expand to new use cases like massive IoT and mission critical control. It will require a new 5G unified air interface that is optimized across diverse spectrum types, services, devices, and deployments.
Currently, there is a hype around 5G, the wireless technology which is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, more reliability, massive network capacity, and increased availability, in order to empower new experiences and connect new industries. Indeed 5G, and related technology, open up an industrial Internet with the potential to deliver new digital services for long-term economic growth.
The following document is written as a summary of essentials around 5G based on already published materials. It aims at helping non-specialists to get an initial idea of the new exciting technologies and their potential impact on our future.
Qualcomm's document outlines their vision and strategy for 5G networks and technologies. It discusses how 5G will provide unified connectivity across a wide range of use cases and spectrum types. Qualcomm is developing technologies like massive MIMO and mmWave to help 5G networks meet requirements for high data rates, low latency, high reliability and more. They are driving 5G standardization and aim to leverage their 4G leadership to help lead the world to 5G networks and devices.
The document discusses 5G technologies and the 5G Innovation Centre (5GIC) at the University of Surrey. It provides background on the 5GIC, which was established through UK government funding and industry partnerships to conduct research on 5G. The 5GIC aims to provide a large-scale 5G testbed and opportunities for companies to engage in 5G research. The document then outlines key drivers for the development of 5G technologies, including growing connectivity needs, limited spectrum resources, and demands for higher speeds and lower latency. It discusses some of the technological challenges 5G aims to address, such as new air interfaces, use of higher frequency spectrum including millimeter waves, and more intelligent and adaptive network architectures.
5G networks provide ultra-fast internet speeds and low latency. They have evolved from 4G LTE networks and use new spectrum bands like sub-6GHz and millimeter wave. 5G is being deployed either in non-standalone mode, which uses existing LTE infrastructure, or in standalone mode which uses a new 5G core. Most major phone manufacturers now offer 5G-compatible devices. Speed tests have shown performance varying by spectrum band, with millimeter wave offering the highest speeds but more limited coverage.
5G will transform the IoT, expanding the reach of 5G and mobile technologies beyond smartphones. This presentation talks about how 5G is opening doors to new use cases, what is in the 5G evolution that will address the expanding IoT needs, and what Qualcomm is doing to deliver end-to-end technologies and solutions.
- 5G NR is designed as a unified, future-proof air interface to efficiently support diverse spectrum types, deployments, services and use cases over the next decade.
- It utilizes an OFDM-based framework with scalable numerology and slot structures to provide flexibility.
- Key 5G NR technologies like massive MIMO and mobile mmWave are aimed at delivering major improvements in areas like connection density, throughput and latency compared to previous standards.
How does unlicensed spectrum with NR-U transform what 5G can do for you?Qualcomm Research
NR-U brings the power of 5G to unlicensed spectrum globally. NR-U can help service providers deliver the 5G experience end-users have come to expect with or without licensed spectrum. Read more at https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2020/06/11/how-does-support-unlicensed-spectrum-nr-u-transform-what-5g-can-do-you
This document discusses the future of 5G networks and 5G New Radio (NR) technology. It makes the following key points:
1) 5G NR is being designed as a unified, flexible air interface that can support diverse services, spectrum types and deployments through 2030 and beyond.
2) 5G will expand broadband connectivity and enable new industries through capabilities like ultra-low latency, high reliability, massive capacity and connectivity of everything.
3) 5G NR specifications were contributed to and aligned with Qualcomm's research to deliver scalable OFDM, flexible slot structures, advanced coding and massive MIMO to meet 5G requirements.
5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.
Setting off the 5G Advanced evolution with 3GPP Release 18Qualcomm Research
In December 2021, 3GPP has reached a consensus on the scope of 5G NR Release 18. This is a significant milestone marking the beginning of 5G Advanced — the second wave of wireless innovations that will fulfill the 5G vision. Release 18 will build on the solid foundation set by Releases 15, 16, and 17, and it sets the longer-term evolution direction of 5G and beyond. This release will encompass a wide range of new and enhancement projects, ranging from improved MIMO and application of AI/ML-enabled air interface to extended reality optimizations and broader IoT support.
The document discusses key technology enablers for 5G networks, including 5G radio, ultra dense heterogeneous networks, mobile edge computing, network function virtualization, software defined networking, network slicing, and internet of things. The objectives of 5G include supporting peak data rates of 10Gbps, guaranteed rates of 50Mbps, latency of 1ms for radio access and 5ms end-to-end, high mobility up to 500km/hr, location accuracy of less than a meter, and connectivity for over 1 million devices per square kilometer. 5G aims to enable a wide range of new applications through these advanced capabilities.
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O que você aprenderá nesse webinar:
Microcontroladores de 8 bits da Microchip? PIC e AVR
Periféricos analógicos integrados e atualizações recentes
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Placas de demonstração
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Como podemos começar a desenvolver com Microchip?
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Apresentação
Huéliquis Fernandes - Business Development Manager
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Yoshinori Kanno - Field Application Engineer
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Matthew Sauceda - Sr. Principal Applications Engineer - Nexperia
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Descrição do Webinar
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O que você aprenderá nesse webinar:
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Matching - como identificar melhor Cristal de acordo com microprocessador.
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
1. Making 5G NR a
Commercial Reality
A unified, more capable 5G air interface
Roberto Medeiros
Senior Director, Product Management
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
@qualcomm_techMay 2018
2. 22
Years of driving
the evolution of
wireless
30+
Fabless
semiconductor
company
#
1
In 3G/4G LTE
modem
MSM™ chipsets
shipped FY ‘17
804M#
1
3. 3
Invention for what’s next
in the increasingly smart and connected world
The last 30 years
Interconnecting people
The next 30 years
Interconnecting their worlds
Leadership
in advanced computing,
connectivity, and
systems design
4. 4
From the
smartphone to 5G,
it all starts
with Qualcomm
$50+ billion cumulative
investment in R&D
Source: Qualcomm data, as of Q1 FY18
5. 55
Agenda
5G vision and
5G NR overview
A unified, more capable
air interface for the next
decade and beyond
5G NR design
and technologies
Based on the 3GPP
Release-15 global
standard
5G NR enhanced
mobile broadband
Making 5G NR a
commercial reality
starting in 2019
5G NR evolution
and expansion
Driving 5G NR beyond
mobile broadband in 3GPP
Rel-16 and beyond
6. 61. GSMA Intelligence, January 2018
~7.7B
Total mobile
connections
1
Mobile is the largest technology
platform in human history
1990s
Digital voice
D-AMPS, GSM,
IS-95 (CDMA)
2000s
Mobile data
WCDMA/HSPA+,
CDMA2000/EV-DO
1980s
Analog voice
AMPS, NMT,
TACS
2010s
Mobile broadband
LTE, LTE Advanced,
Gigabit LTE
7. 7
A new kind of
network to drive
innovation and growth
Significant
connectivity
upgrade
Smartphone
tech extending
into many
industries
Consumers want
5G smartphones
8. 8Source: Nokia Bell Labs Consulting Report, 2016
Over 30x growth in mobile data
traffic from 2014 to 2020
Daily global mobile data traffic in 2020
~8BGigabytes
5G will address the
insatiable demand
for mobile broadband
Over 75% of mobile data
traffic from multi-media
streaming in 2020
9. 9
• Fiber-like data speeds
• Low latency for real-time interactivity
• More consistent performance
• Massive capacity for unlimited data
5G is essential for next
generation mobile experiences
Augmented
reality
Connected cloud
computing
Connected
vehicle
Immersive
experiences
High-speed
mobility
Rich user-generated
content
Mobilizing media
and entertainment
Congested
environments
10. 1010
Need or would like
faster connectivity
on next smartphone
Likely to purchase a
phone that supports
5G when available
>86% ~50%
Top 3 reasons for 5G:
10x More
cost-effective
data plans
Source: “Making 5G a reality: Addressing the strong mobile broadband demand in 2019
and beyond,” September 2017, jointly published by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and Nokia.
1,002 1,010 1,000 1,006 1,002 824
5G Consumer Survey of smartphone owners:
5,844
WW total
faster
speeds
10xquicker
response time
Consumer excitement
is building for 5G
smartphones
11. 1111
More efficient use
of energy and utilities
Digitized logistics
and retail
Improved public
safety and security
Sustainable cities
and infrastructure
Smarter
agriculture
Reliable access
to remote healthcare
Safer, more autonomous
transportation
More autonomous
manufacturing
>$12 Trillion
Powering the digital economy
In goods and services by 2035*
*The 5G Economy, an independent study from IHS Markit, Penn Schoen
Berland and Berkeley Research Group, commissioned by Qualcomm
5G will expand the mobile
ecosystem to new industries
12. 1212
Diverse services
Scalability to address an extreme
variation of requirements
Diverse deployments
From macro to indoor hotspots, with
support for diverse topologies
Mid-bands
1 GHz to 6 GHz
High-bands
Above 24 GHz (mmWave)
Low-bands
Below 1 GHzMassive Internet
of Things
Diverse spectrum
Getting the most out of a wide
array of spectrum bands/types
NR Designing a unified, more capable 5G air interface
A unifying connectivity fabric for future innovation
A platform for existing, emerging, and unforeseen connected services
Mission-critical
services
Enhanced mobile
broadband
5G
NR
13. 13
First 5G NR standard complete — the global 5G standard
20182017 20202019 20222021
Release 17+ evolutionRel-16 work itemsRel-15 work items
Phase 2
Commercial launches
Phase 1
Commercial launchesNRField trialsIoDTs
Standalone (SA)
Accelerate eMBB deployments,
plus establish foundation for
future 5G innovations
Deliver new fundamental 5G NR
technologies that expand and
evolve the 5G ecosystem
Continue to evolve LTE in parallel as essential part of the 5G Platform
NSA
Approved
study items
We are here
14. 1414
5G NR pioneering advanced 5G NR technologies
To meet an extreme variation of 5G NR requirements
Based on ITU vision for IMT-2020 compared to IMT-advanced; URLLC: Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications; IAB: Integrated Access & Backhaul
10x
Connection
density
3x
Spectrum
efficiency
10x
Decrease in
end-to-end latency
10x
Experienced
throughput
100x
Traffic
capacity
100x
Network
efficiency
• Live
Enhanced mobile broadbandMission-critical services Massive Internet of Things
Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X)
Ultra Reliable Low Latency Comms (URLLC)
Drone communications Private Networks Deeper coverage Grant-free UL
Efficient signalingNarrow bandwidth
Enhanced power save modes
Massive MIMOScalable OFDM Mobile mmWave
Flexible slot-based frameworkSpectrum sharing
Advanced channel codingDual Connectivity
16. 1616
Efficiently address
diverse spectrum,
deployments/services
Scalable OFDM-
based air interface
Scalable OFDM
numerology
Flexible slot-based
framework
Self-contained
slot structure
Advanced
channel coding
Massive
MIMO
Mobile
mmWave
Multi-Edge LDPC and
CRC-Aided Polar
Reciprocity-based
MU-MIMO
Key enabler to low
latency, URLLC and
forward compatibility
Efficiently support large
data blocks and a reliable
control channel
Efficiently utilize a large
number of antennas to
increase coverage/capacity
Enables wide mmWave
bandwidths for extreme
capacity and throughput
Beamforming
and beam-tracking
3GPP Rel-15 establishes a solid foundation for 5G NR
Our technology inventions are driving Rel-15 specifications
Early R&D investments | Best-in-class prototypes | Fundamental contributions to 3GPP
For enhanced mobile broadband and beyond
17. 1717
Scalable 5G NR OFDM numerology—examples
Efficiently address 5G diverse spectrum, deployments and services
Scaling reduces FFT processing complexity for wider bandwidths with reusable hardware
Outdoor macro coverage
e.g., FDD 700 MHz
Indoor wideband
e.g., unlicensed 6 GHz
mmWave
e.g., TDD 28 GHz
Outdoor macro and small cell
e.g., TDD 3-5 GHz
Sub-Carrier spacing, e.g. 15 kHz
Carrier bandwidth, e.g. 1, 5,10 and 20 MHz
Carrier bandwidth, e.g. 160MHz
Carrier bandwidth, e.g. 400MHz
Carrier bandwidth, e.g. 100 MHz
Sub-Carrier spacing, e.g. 30 kHz
Sub-Carrier spacing, e.g. 60 kHz
Sub-Carrier spacing, e.g. 120 kHz
2
n
scaling of Sub-Carrier
Spacing (SCS)
18. 18
Flexible slot-based 5G NR framework
Efficiently multiplex envisioned and future 5G services on the same frequency
URLLCeMBB transmission
DLCtrl
ULCtrl
eMBB
D2D
Multicast
Blank subcarriers
Nominal traffic puncturing
To enable URLCC transmissions
to occur at any time using mini-slots
Forward compatibility
Transmissions well-confined in time/frequency
to simplify adding new features in future
Scalable slot duration
Efficient multiplexing of diverse latency and
QoS requirements
Self-contained
slot structure
Ability to independently decode slots and
avoid static timing relationships across slots
19. 1919
6
4
3
2
1
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Code rate (R)
LDPC
Polar
Turbo
0
Advanced ME-LDPC1
channel coding is more
efficient than LTE Turbo code at higher data rates
Selected as 5G NR eMBB data channel as part of 3GPP Release-15
1. Multi-Edge Low-Density Parity-Check
High efficiency
Significant gains over LTE Turbo—particularly
for large block sizes suitable for MBB
Low complexity
Easily parallelizable decoder scales to
achieve high throughput at low complexity
Low latency
Efficient encoding/decoding enables shorter
transmission time at high throughput
Normalized throughput (for given clock rate)
5
20. 2020
5G NR optimized design for massive MIMO
Key enabler for using higher spectrum bands, e.g. 4 GHz, with existing LTE sites
C1. Sounding Reference Signal. 2. Channel State Information Reference Signal; 3. High-Power User Equipment (HPUE) Tx power gains
Optimized design for TDD
reciprocity procedures
utilizing UL SRS1
Enhanced CSI-RS2
design and reporting
mechanism
New features, such as
distributed MIMO
Advanced, high-spatial
resolution codebook supporting
up to 256 antennas
Enabled through an advanced 5G NR end-to-end Massive MIMO design (network and device)
Exploit 3D beamforming with
up to 256 antenna elements Accurate and timely channel
knowledge essential to
realizing full benefits
UL SRS
CSI-RS5G NR co-located with
existing LTE macro sites
Mitigate UL coverage
with 5G NR massive
MIMO + HPUE3
21. 2121
The large bandwidth opportunity for mmWave
The new frontier of mobile broadband
5G NR sub-6GHz
(e.g. 3.4-3.6 GHz)
NR
6 GHz 24 GHz 100 GHz
Excels in wider bandwidths
Opens up new opportunities
Much more capacity
With dense spatial reuse
Multi-Gbps data rates
With large bandwidths (100s of MHz)
Unified design across diverse spectrum bands/types
5G NR mmWave
(e.g. 24.25-27.5 GHz, 27.5-29.5 GHz)
22. 22
Overcoming numerous challenges to mobilize mmWave
Coverage
Innovations to overcome
significant path loss in bands
above 24 GHz
Robustness
Innovations to overcome
mmWave blockage from hand,
body, walls, foliage, etc.
Device size/power
Innovations to fit mmWave design
in smartphone form factor and
thermal constraints
Back antenna module
(-X, -Y, -Z direction)
Front antenna module
(+X, +Y, +Z direction)
23. 23
Commercializing mmWave in a smartphone form factor
76 mm
157.25 mm
9.7 mmmmWave (60 GHz) viability
in handset form factor
11ad in Asus
Zenfone 4 Pro
Qualcomm 5G NR
mmWave prototype
5G NR mmWave
Qualcomm Reference Design
24. 2424
Mobilizing mmWave with 5G NR technologies
Key properties for robust mmWave operation in a NLOS mobile environment
Very dense network
topology and spatial reuse
(~150-200m ISD)
Fast beam steering
and switching within
an access point
Tight integration
with sub-6 GHz
(LTE or NR)
Architecture that allows
for fast beam switching
across access points
Directional antennas with adaptable
3D beamforming and beam tracking
NLOS operation
Macro
(Sub-6 GHz)
Seamless mobility
25. 25
Fast-to-launch | Higher BW and UX* |
VoLTE & CS voice
Network slicing | New services |
VoNR & 4G fallback
Non-Standalone
(NSA) option
Standalone
(SA) option
Network architecture
options for 5G NR
*Initial NSA bandwidth and user experience in 2019-2020
5G NR launches as compared to SA launches in the same
timeframe. Source: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
5G sub-6GHz
Radio Network
Data and control
over 5G NR link
Carrier Aggregation
5G Next
Gen Core
5G
mmWave
Radio
Network
NR
4G macro
and small
cell Radio
Network
5G mmWave
and/or sub-6GHz
Radio Network
Data only
over 5G NR link
Data + control
over 4G LTE link
Dual connectivity
4G Evolved
Packet Core
26. 2626
Spectrum aggregation essential to 5G NR deployments
Building on solid LTE CA and
Dual Connectivity foundation
Supplemental DL
FDD/TDD CA
LAA CA
Dual Connectivity
LTE/5G NR NSA
Supplemental UL
Supplemental DL
FDD/TDD CA
NR LAA CA
Dual Connectivity
5G NR Rel-15+
LTE Rel-10+
Dual Connectivity across LTE and NR
Fully leveraging LTE investments and coverage, including NSA
operation for early 5G NR deployments
CA across spectrum bands
E.g., tight CA between 5G NR mmWave and sub-6 GHz to
address mmWave coverage gaps
CA across FDD and TDD bands
Sub-1 GHz and mid/high band aggregation; supplemental uplink
for better coverage, supplemental downlink for capacity
CA across spectrum types
E.g., Licensed and unlicensed with 5G NR Licensed Assisted
Access (LAA) — approved Rel-15 Study Item
Carrier Aggregation (CA) and Dual
Connectivity enable deployments with
tightly and loosely coordinated cells
27. 2727
Dual connectivity to fully leverage LTE investments
Enabling gigabit
experiences everywhere
Supplementing 5GNR
mid-band and mmWave
Providing VoLTE leveraging
LTE’s ubiquitous coverage
Gigabit LTE, VoLTE
5G NR
low/mid-band and
LTE coverage
5G NR below 10 GHz
Gigabit LTE, VoLTE
5G NR above 10 GHz
Ubiquitous LTE coverage Seamless mobility
Simultaneous dual-connectivity
across 5G NR and 4G LTE
5G NR mmWave
5G augmented deploymentsExisting deployments
640+
Commercial
networks
9,500+
Commercial
devices
2.3B+
LTE/LTE-A
subscriptions
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Source: GSA (www.gsacom.com)—Oct 2017 on network launches, Oct 2017 on subscriptions, Nov 2017 on commercial devices
Gigabit LTE provides the coverage foundation for 5G eMBB
28. 2828
LTE advancements are essential to 5G
Drone
communications
Public safety /
Emergency services
LTE IoT
Existing LTE
deployments
LTE IoT
Automotive
(C-V2X)
Private IoT
networks Existing LTE
deployments
5G NR mmWave
nx10 Gigabit 5G
5G NR Sub-6 GHz
and LTE coverage
nx1 Gigabit 5G
Ubiquitous LTE
Gigabit LTE, VoLTE, ULL
Enabling gigabit
experiences everywhere
Supplementing 5GNR
mid-band and mmWave
Providing VoLTE leveraging
LTE’s ubiquitous coverage
29. 29
Making 5G NR
a commercial
reality
Qualcomm, leading
the world to 5G
30. 30
>$50B*
In research and
development
Our system-level
inventions fuel the
mobile industry
*Cumulative expenditures to date since 1985. Taking
significant risks to start early with an end-to-end design
31. 31
Foundation to 5G leadership is technology leadership
Early R&D and technology inventions essential to leading ecosystem forward
Proof-of-concept
Deliver end-to-end prototypes and
impactful demonstrations
Vision
Identify a problem or need;
establish requirements
Standardization
Drive e2e design with ecosystem
and through standards process
Commercialization
Engage with global network operators to
deploy new features with standards-
compliant infrastructure and devices
Trials
Collaborate on OTA field trials that track 3GPP
standardization and drive ecosystem towards rapid
commercialization
Invention
Invent new technologies and
e2e system architecture
5G
32. 3232
5G NR standards and
technology leadership
Our technology inventions are
driving the 5G NR standard
Best-in-class 5G
prototype systems
Designing and testing 5G
technologies for many years
5G NR interoperability
testing and trials
Leveraging prototype systems and
our leading global network experience
Modem and
RFFE leadership
Announced the Qualcomm
Snapdragon X50 5G modem family
LTE foundational technologies
Making 5GNR a commercial reality for 2019
For standard-compliant networks and devices
Vodafone
Group
33. 3333
Best-in-class 5G NR mobile prototype systems
Sub-6 GHz and mmWave
5G NR UE
RFFE in mobile form-factors
to mimic real-world performance
5G NR gNodeB
Enable early system-level testing
and demonstrations
5G NR Baseband
Flexibly designed to track and drive
3GPP standardization in Rel-15+
• World’s first announced 5G NR prototype — June 2016
• World’s first 5G NR data connection — February 2017
• World’s first interoperable 5G NR system — November 2017
34. 3434
Industry-leading 5G NR interoperability testing
In collaboration with 20+ global mobile network operators
At the center of the 5G ecosystem, leading the way to 5G NR commercialization
February 2018
Successful multi-band
5G NR interoperability
testing
November 2017
World’s first interoperable
5G NR sub-6 GHz data
connection
December 2017
World’s first interoperable
5G NR mmWave data
connection
2H-2018
World’s first announced
standard-compliant trials
based on a 5G modem chipset
MWC 2018
Additional vendors,
new functionality, L2
connectivity, and more
35. 35Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
2G/3G/4G/5G in
a single chip
Sub-6 + mmWave
Premium-tier
smartphones in 2019
World’s first 5G-NR
multimode modems
5G Modem family
36. 36
Vodafone
Group
World’s First Announced
Standard-Compliant Trials based
on a 5G Modem Chipset for
Mobile Devices, including
Smartphone Form-Factors
Global Mobile
Operators Select
Qualcomm®
Snapdragon™ X50
5G Modem for
Mobile 5G NR Trials
in 2018
37. 37
Qualcomm and Mobile Device
OEMs Focus on Delivering Next-
Generation 5G Mobile
Experiences with Low Latency,
Extreme Capacity and Fiber-Like
Connectivity to the Cloud
Global OEMs Select
Qualcomm®
Snapdragon™ X50
5G NR Modem
Family for Mobile
Device Launches in
2019
38. 38
October, 2017 February, 2018
Multi-Gigabit transmission
over mmWave spectrum
on working Snapdragon X50 silicon
Continued, fast-paced
progress towards
commercial devices
in the first half of 2019
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm
Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.
39. 3939
56 Mbps
8.8x
493 Mbps
102 Mbps
20 Mbps
9.2x 184 Mbps
39 Mbps
Industry-first simulation of
real world performance
reveals immense 5G user
experience gains over 4G
Frankfurt Simulation
5G NR Sub-6 GHz
4G device
in 4G
network
Cat 20 LTE
Median burst rate Cell-edge burst rate
4G device
in 5G
network
5G device
in 5G
network
4G device
in 4G
network
4G device
in 5G
network
5G device
in 5G
network
Learn more:
Faster, more uniform data rates throughout cell
40. 4040
Collaborating with global
operators to simulate 5G
NR mmWave capacity
and coverage
• Significant outdoor coverage possible utilizing
actual existing LTE sites (10+ global cities)
• Will further benefit from LTE infrastructure
(LAA small cells) to support Gigabit LTE launches
• Outdoor coverage only; frees up sub-6 GHz
resources for out-to-indoor capacity
• Based on our extensive over-the-air testing
and channel measurements
San Francisco Simulation
1.4Gbps65%
outdoor
coverage
5x
increase
in capacity
median
burst rate
41. 41
>1,000
>10,000
Early 4G
4G today
4G carrier aggregation combinations
Early 5G combinations
Number of RF bands
and band combinations
By technology generation
A much wider
variation of
use cases
Advanced
wireless
technologies
49
16More diverse
deployment
scenarios
Many more
spectrum
bands/types
Complexity of mobile RF systems is accelerating
Multi-mode 4G/5G impacts RF-Front End design
4G
5G
42. 4242
Designed for diverse spectrum bands/types
Global snapshot of 5G spectrum bands allocated or targeted
Licensed
Unlicensed/shared
Existing band
New 5G band
600MHz (2x35MHz) 3.55-3.7 GHz
24.25-24.45GHz
24.75-25.25GHz
27.5-28.35GHz
700MHz (2x30 MHz) 3.4–3.8GHz 24.5-27.5GHz
3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz
3.4–3.8GHz 26GHz
3.46–3.8GHz 26GHz
3.6–3.8GHz
3.3–3.6GHz 4.8–5GHz 24.5-27.5GHz 37.5-42.5GHz
3.4–3.7GHz 26.5-29.5GHz
4.4–4.9GHz 27.5-29.5GHz
3.4–3.7GHz 39GHz
3.6–4.2GHz
64-71GHz
37-37.6GHz
37.6-40GHz
47.2-48.2GHz
5.9–6.4GHz
5.9–7.1GHz
600MHz (2x35MHz) 27.5-28.35GHz 64-71GHz
2.5GHz (LTE B41)
37-37.6GHz
37.6-40GHz
24.25-27.5GHz
26.5-27.5GHz
3.7-4.2GHz
3.55-3.7 GHz
700MHz (2x30 MHz)
700MHz (2x30 MHz)
700MHz (2x30 MHz)
700MHz (2x30 MHz)
5GHz4GHz3GHz<1GHz 24-28GHz 37-40GHz 64-71GHz
43. 43
RFFE in multimode/multiband devices
End-to-end approach needed for next generation of devices
RF TRANSCEIVER
POWER
TRACKER
POWER
AMPLIFIER
FILTER ANTENNA
SWITCH
DUPLEXER SWITCH
ANTENNA
TUNER
SWITCHLOW NOISE
AMPLIFIER
Diversity
receive
RF-Front End
MODEM
A
N
T
E
N
N
A
S
EXTRACTOR
44. 44
RF Transceiver
Power
Tracker
Power
Amplifier
Filter Antenna
Switch
Duplexer /
Hexaplexer
Switch
Antenna
Tuner
SwitchLow Noise
Amplifier
Diversity
Receive
RF Front End
Modem
A
N
T
E
N
N
A
S
Extractor
Multimode 3G/4G/5G poses
immense challenge
Next gen end-to-end system dynamically tunes RFFE performance
using modem intelligence and network information
End-to-end approach needed to address growing complexity
4G
Qualcomm Technologies
end-to-end system
uniquely positions us to
lead in 5G multimode RFFE
Qualcomm
RF Front
End
Modem
RFFE Controller
RF Front End
`
A
N
T
E
N
N
A
S
XCVR
45. Highly integrated, turnkey 5G modules
to accelerate deployments and lower
barriers to entry
Sampling in 2019
5G Module
Solutions
Empowering the 5G
ecosystem to scale
Qualcomm Chip Technologies are products of Qualcomm
Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.
* Compared to designs using discrete components.
Low total cost
of ownership
Fast time to
commercialization
Reduce footprint
up to 30%*
Access proven
supply chain
AP
Baseband
Transceiver
Memory
PMIC
RFFE
Antennas
Other Components
Access to strong
memory relationships
47. 47
Driving a rich 5G NR technology roadmap beyond eMBB
5G NR
URLLC
5G NR Spectrum Sharing in
unlicensed/shared spectrum
5G NR Non-Orthogonal
Multiple Access (NOMA)
5G NR
C-V2X
5G NR Integrated Access
and Backhaul
3GPP Rel-15
5G NR eMBB design
provides the foundation
Sub-6 GHz | mmWave
Wireless Industrial
Ethernet
48. 4848
3GPP study on 5G NR operation in unlicensed spectrum
Designing with fair co-existence in any unlicensed spectrum:
NR/NR, NR/LTE, NR/Wi-Fi
1 Study item in Rel. 15 (RP-170828), which could be followed by a work item that is completed in Rel. 16.
NR in unlicensed aggregated with LTE
(dual connectivity) or NR (carrier-
aggregation) in licensed spectrum
NR operating standalone in unlicensed
spectrum. This will become the MulteFire™
evolution path to 5G.
Both below and above 6 GHz, e.g., 5GHz,
37GHz, 60GHz* (*assuming no change to
waveform)
Low-bands
below 1GHz
Mid-bands
1GHz to 24GHz
High-bands
above 24GHz
(mmWave)
NR-based LAA Standalone unlicensed Across spectrum bands
Licensed
anchor
Unlicensed
Aggregation
49. 49
Industrial automationAviation and public safety
Remote medicineAutonomous vehicles
Smart grid/energyRobotics
5G NR URLLC
for new mission-
critical services
Ultra-low 1 ms e2e latency
Qualcomm Research locations
High reliability targeting 10-5 BLER1
Ultra reliable transmissions that can be time
multiplexed with nominal traffic through puncturing
High availability
Simultaneous links to both 5G and LTE for failure
tolerance and extreme mobility
A platform for tomorrow’s more
autonomous world
50. 50
Addressing the growing needs of low-power, wide-area IoT use cases
1. Maximum Coupling Loss, assuming data rate of 160bps; 2. Assuming 200B UL + 20B DL per day at 164 MCL with 5Wh battery; 3. Compared to IMT-Advanced
Power efficient
To realize10+ year device battery life2
and 100x network energy efficiency3
Long range
To reach challenging locations by
achieving device link budget of 164 dB1
massive
Internet of
Things
Scaling for the
Massive scale
To efficiently support dense
connections of 1+ million devices/km2
Extreme simplicity
To allow scaling to the lowest-end use
cases with e.g., single Rx antenna
51. 51
LTE IoT starts to connect the massive IoT today
Over 35 mobile operators committed to deploy Cat-M1 and/or Cat-NB1 networks
MDM9206
Flexible LTE IoT chipset platform for
Cat-M1 / Cat-NB1 / E-GPRS
…and many more
Cat-M1
(eMTC)
Higher throughput,
mobility, VoLTE
Cat-NB1
(NB-IoT)
Lower cost, larger
coverage, 2G migration
Object tracking
Wearables
Connected
health care
Smart buildings
Environment
monitoring
Utility
metering
City infrastructure
Voice
(VoLTE)
Energy
management
• Global dual-mode solution: single SKU
• Pre-certified modules commercially available today
• Multiple design wins across industry-leading OEMs
52. 52
Continued evolution to meet tomorrow’s massive IoT needs
Essential to 5G — LTE IoT to be submitted to meet IMT-2020
1
requirements
1. Defined in ITU Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0, September, 2015; 2. Standardization in MulteFire Alliance
LTE Cat-1 and above
(Rel-8+)
FeMTC eFeMTC
eNB-IoT FeNB-IoTNB-IoT
VoLTE improvements
Higher data rates
Device positioning
Single-cell multicast
Early data transmission
Higher spectral efficiency
TDD support
eMTC/NB-IoT in unlicensed spectrum2
Wake-up radio
Non-orthogonal access
Grant-free uplink
Multi-hop mesh
5G NR IoT
In-band 5G NR
deployment
Continued eMTC evolution
Continued NB-IoT evolution
eMTC
Higher density
Deeper coverage
Lower power
Reduced complexity
Rel-16+Rel-15Rel-14Rel-13
53. 53
Pioneering tomorrow’s massive IoT technologies
Applies to LTE IoT and 5G NR IoT evolution — potential for 3GPP Rel-16+
Time
Frequency
1. Greater range and efficiency when using licensed spectrum, e.g. protected reference signals. Network time synchronization improves peer-to-peer efficiency
Non-orthogonal multiple access
Even higher connection density
• NOMA is part of 5G NR Rel-15 Study Item
• Can be either scheduled or grant-free
• Increases device density and network efficiency
Mesh networking
Multi-hop mesh with WAN management
• For low-power devices with challenging placements
• Especially uplink data relayed via nearby devices
• Expands on LTE Device-to-Device (D2D)
Grant-free uplink
Autonomous mode transmission
• Contention-based access for IoT devices
• For sporadic uplink of small data bursts
• Also key enabler of mission-critical communication
Mesh on unlicensed or partitioned
with uplink licensed spectrum1
Direct access on
licensed spectrum
54. 5454
Enhanced range and reliability for direct
communication without network assistance
V2P
Vehicle-to-pedestrian
e.g., safety alerts to pedestrians, bicyclists
V2V
Vehicle-to-vehicle
e.g., collision avoidance safety systems
V2N
Vehicle-to-network
e.g., real-time traffic/routing, cloud services
V2I
Vehicle-to-infrastructure
e.g., traffic signal timing/priority
C-V2X Release 14
completed in 2017
Broad industry support — 5GAA
Global trials started in 2017
Our 1st announced C-V2X
product in September, 2017
C-V2X
Establishes the foundation for
safety use cases and a continued
5G NR C-V2X evolution for future
autonomous vehicles
Learn more at: https://www.qualcomm.com/c-v2x
55. 55
C-V2X enables network independent communication
1. PC5 operates on 5.9GHz; whereas, Uu operates on commercial cellular licensed spectrum 2. RSU stands for roadside unit.1. 3GPP also defines a mode, where eNodeB helps coordinate C-V2X Direct Communication; 2.
GNSS is required for V2X technologies, including 802.11p, for positioning. Timing is calculated as part of the position calculations and it requires smaller number of satellites than those needed for positioning
Network Uu interface
e.g. accident 2 kilometer ahead
Network communications
for complementary services
Vehicle to Network (V2N) operates in a mobile
operator's licensed spectrum
V2N
(Uu)
V2N
(Uu)
eNodeB
Direct PC5 interface
e.g. location, speed, local hazards
Direct safety communication
independent of cellular network
Low latency Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to
Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle to Person (V2P)
operating in ITS bands (e.g. 5.9 GHz)
V2V
(PC5)
V2P
(PC5)
V2P
(PC5)
V2I
(PC5)
V2I
(PC5)
RSU
2
56. 56
C-V2X has a strong evolution path towards 5GNR
While maintaining backward capabilities
Basic safety
IEEE 802.11p
Basic and enhanced safety
C-V2X Rel-14/Rel-15 with enhanced range and reliability
Autonomous driving use cases
5G NR C-V2X Rel-16
Higher throughput
Higher reliability
Wideband ranging/positioning
Lower latency
Backward compatible with Rel-14/Rel-15 enabled vehicles
Evolution to 5G NR, while being backward compatible
C-V2X Rel-14 is necessary and operates with Rel-16
57. 5757
5G NR mmWave continuing to evolve beyond R15
Bringing new capabilities, new spectrum bands and
new deployment opportunities
Rel-15 Study Item on enabling easy/low-cost
deployment of small cells using mmWave
spectrum for access and backhaul
Rel-15 Study Item for both LAA and
standalone operation (aka 5G MulteFire™) in
sub-6 GHz and mmWave spectrum bands
Exploring the use of spectrum bands above
~40 GHz, including unlicensed spectrum in
the 57 GHz to 71 GHz band
Integrated Access
and Backhaul Unlicensed Spectrum Higher spectrum bands
58. 5858
5G NR mmWave IAB1 for cost-efficient dense deployments
Traditional fiber backhaul
can be expensive for
mmWave cell sites
Improves coverage and capacity, while limiting backhaul cost
1 Integrated Access & Backhaul
mmWave access inherently requires small cell deployment
Running fiber to each cell site may not be feasible and can be cost prohibitive
mmWave backhaul can have longer range compared to access
Sub-6 GHz
gNodeB
Fiber backhaul
Multi-hop
capability
Redundant
links
Efficient operation through dynamic resource
partitioning between access and backhaul
59. 59
5G is the foundation to what’s next.
We are the foundation to 5G.
Learn more at www.qualcomm.com / 5G
Driving the expansion
of 5G NR ecosystem
and opportunity
Making 5G NR
a commercial reality
for 2019 eMBB
deployments