IoT-LPWAN LoRa Geoloc - sagemcom - m2m-innovationworld_geotrack

Location-Enabled LoRa™ IoT Network:
“Geo-LoRa-ting” your assets
T. Lestable, Ph.D
Innovation & Technology
Office of CTO
SAGEMCOM SAS

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization2
Internet of Everything (IoE) is coming…sooner than you think
By 2020:
* [30-50] Billion devices connected
* $7,1 Trillion Global Market

IoT/M2M, Beyond the Hype…
http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515
5G??

IoT early stage investments (2013)
Cellular IoT
$25M
$115M
$25M
$11M

Overall IoT Market Forecast by 2025
Source: McKinsey, June 2015
True revolution is
not coming from
where you might
think….
 Industrial IoT is
leading the Market !
minority

Strategic IoT Use Cases/Services (illustrations)

GeoFencing, GeoTargeting, GeoPositioning, Tracking…
“Trigger geofences based on events like
- entering, dwelling, or leaving a place
- time of day
- crossing a speed threshold
- entering a city, state or country
- after traveling a given distance
- after a particular change in altitude ”
Source: Geoloqi
Smart Cities

Waste Collection for Smart Cities, By ENEVO
Waste Collection optimized route
Waste Container connected sensor
http://www.enevo.com/
Finland
Ultrasonic fill level sensor
10+ years battery life
IP 66, [-40°, +85°]

Tank monitoring & Delivery Optimization, By SENET
Network as a Service (NaaS)
- Wireless Network roll-out (150 Rx GW)
- Data Aggregation platform
- Network Resource Tools
http://www.senetco.com/ US
Propane, Heating oil, Water, Farming coop….

Fire/CO2 Detection & Alarms, by FINSECUR
10 years battery life
Up to 10 ‘DAAF’ (Detectors) interconnected
Std: EN 14604
HQ Nanterre, FR
http://www.finsecur.com/index.php

Emerging De-facto LRLP standards
Vs
‘De-facto’ standards
IOT, Multi-Vendors, Certification
Source: McKinsey, June 2015
Open Standard

• LoRA™ Alliance
• announced during CES 2015, in Las Vegas (January’15)
• Launched during MWC 2015, in Barcelona (March’15)
• http://lora-alliance.org/
IoT – Long Range Low Power (LRLP): LoRA™ Alliance
+100 members!! (Sept.’15)

LoRa Alliance – Sample of Members (+100 members)
Operators
Sponsor Members Contributor Members
AdopterMembers

LoRa™ Network Features

Sagemcom IoT Offer - overview
Sagemcom Offering spreads through a set of IoT
products :
• Sagemcom IoT Packet Core (SPC): a modular software
suite to build core network IoT solutions
• Sagemcom IoT RAN (SRAN): a set of network
equipments (HW/SW) to build the IoT Radio Access
Network
• Sagemcom IoT End-Points (SEP): a set of optimized
radio modules to build IoT connected devices.
SEP SRAN SPC

LoRa™ PHY Layer: Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) / IEEE 802.15.4a
𝑠 𝑡 = 𝑒
−𝑖𝜋∗𝐵𝑊∗ 𝑡−
𝑡2
𝑇𝑠
𝑇𝑠 =
2 𝑆𝐹
𝐵𝑊
𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝 =
1
𝐵𝑊
𝑇𝑠 = 2 𝑆𝐹 ∗ 𝑇𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝
Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM)
Spreading Gain
𝛽𝜏 = 𝐵𝑊 ∗ 𝑇𝑠 = 2 𝑆𝐹 ≫ 1
LoRa™ PHY inherits its properties from
RADAR technology, and its maturity in
Telecom from IEEE 802.15.4a (WPAN)

LoRaWAN device classes

LoRa™: Bidirectional communications
Class A: Receiver Initiated Transmission strategy (RIT)
Class B: Coordinated Sampled Listening (CSL)
Network may send downlink packet to node at any Rx slot
Class C: Continuous Listening
LoRa™ is
fully
bidirectionnal
from early
stage.
Three Modes
(Class A, B,
C) allow to
embrace
Industry 4.0
strong
segment of
applications.
Latencyconstrainedapplications
PowerEfficiency

LoRA™ nodes protocols
• Ultra small/low power
• 10x5x5 cm, <3Watt
• Multiple channels & data rates
• 8 channels
• Best sensitivity
• -142dBm @300bps
• -129dBm @6Kbps
• Antenna Diversity
- Variable Spreading Factors
- (SF7-SF12)
- Data rates
- [0.3Kbps – 50Kbps]
- Pseudo-random Channel Hopping
- Duty-cycle limited (NO LBT)
- 3 classes of Devices
- Class A: Bi-directional with
2 Rx windows
- Class B: Bi-directional with
additional scheduled Rx
slots
- Class C: Continuous Rx
2 End-Device
Activation Methods:
- Over The Air
Activation (OTAA)
- Activation By
Personalization
(ABP)
Class A

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization21 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization21

TDOA Basics
𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑖
𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑗 = 𝑇𝑒 + 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑗
Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 = 𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖 − 𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑗 = 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑖 − 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝑗
𝑇𝑒 is not needed no need to
synchronize EndPoint with BS
Hyperbolic Geolocation
Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗 = 𝑑 𝑖
𝑐 −
𝑑 𝑗
𝑐 =
1
𝑐 𝑑 𝑖−𝑑 𝑗
LOS assumed
𝑑𝑖
𝑇𝑒
𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖
𝑥
𝑦
𝑥𝑖
𝑦𝑖
𝑑𝑖 − 𝑑𝑗 = 𝛿𝑖𝑗 = 𝑐Δ𝑇𝑂𝐴𝑖𝑗
𝑑𝑖 = 𝑑𝑗 + 𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝑑2
𝑖 = 𝑑2
𝑗 + 𝛿2
𝑖𝑗 + 2𝑑𝑗 𝛿𝑖𝑗
𝑑2
𝑖 = 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖
2
+ 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑖
2
constant
−2𝑥 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥1 − 2𝑦 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦1 − 2𝑑1 𝛿𝑖1
𝑥
𝑦
𝑑1
= 𝑋Linear w.r.t 𝐴 ∗ 𝑋 = Δ
Known  Constant
Source: Semtech

LPWAN Killing application = Geo-Location whilst saving battery!
TDOA
RSS
DRSS
Data
Fusion &
hybrid
solutions
are natural
solutions
thanks to
flat IP
architecture
Geo-Location is a « MUST HAVE »
for many industrial 4.0 applications,
and thus KEY Differentiator amongst
IoT Systems.

Geolocation – Macro BS/GW Roll-out - illustration
No Geolocation
Outdoor Geolocation
available and only few
indoor available
GPS
Macro BS/GW

Geolocation – Densify Macro BS/GW - illustration
GeoLocation not
guaranteed in deep
indoor
Data rate optimized
(battery saving)
devices anywhere
GPS
Macro BS/GW
Deep indoor

Cellular IoT Roll-out Layout – Evaluation Methodology
Hexagonal Layout
LoRa Parameters
Carrier frequency 𝐹𝑐 = 868MHz
Bandwidth BW = 125kHz
Spreading factor 7
Layout and Drop Parameters
Inter-Site Distance ISD = 1732m
GW Drop location Fixed (42 sites, hexagonal
layout)
Antenna gain 𝐺GW = 3dBi
(omnidirectional)
Antenna height 𝐻GW = 32m
Transmit power 𝑃GW
Max
= 21dBm
Noise figure NFGW = 7dB
EP Drop location Random (5000 EPs outdoor)
(omnidirectional)
Antenna height 𝐻EP = 1.5m
Transmit power 𝑃EP
Max
= 14dBm
Noise figure NFEP = 7dB
Propagation Parameters
Pathloss Model Friis (𝛼 = 3)
Shadowing Standard deviation 𝜎S𝐻 = 8dB
Fast Fading None LoS, no multipath (delay)
Localization
Number of transmission per EP 10

Geolocation Algorithms Framework – DTOA behaviour
LoRa™ Networks greatly benefit from:
- Multiple Rx BS/GW (act as Sensor NW for UL packets)
- Centralized Data Fusion Architecture
DTOA
Rx Macro BS/GW
Other Key LoRa™ Wireless degrees of Freedom will bring improvements

TDOA (Weighted Least Square) – influence of SF
SF7
SF9
SF12
SF12
SF7
IncreasedSFincreasedcoveragehigherNbofRxGWs
To get full benefits from LoRa™ degrees of
freedom (ADR, TxPr, densification,…), joint
Optimization is required …designing RRM

IoT Network Management & planning – Preliminary Guidelines
DTOA DTOA
ISD (m)SF
50% - SF Gain
30% - Algorithm gain
Network Densification
Increasing the Spreading Factor
(SF) greatly benefits
GeoLocation
Densifying the Network
also benefits GeoLocation
ISD = 1732 m
Thanks to its dynamic & adaptive features, LoRa™ enables Optimized
Network Roll-out & Management, with Multiple SLA Objectives
Macro only

Sagemcom - Femto LoRa™ integration
• An easy way to increase the densification to :
• Connect additionnal objects
• Connect inhome appliances
• Enhance the accuracy
• LoRa in the Home residential GWY :
• Plugging a module on existing Home residential
Gateway via existing USB interface.
• LoRa capabilities managed from LoRa servers :
• Low software impact inside the Home residential
gateway itself (mainly driver of the Module and
passthrough interface to the Lora Server)
Home residential
Gateway
Femto LoRa

Indoor Femtocells Roll-out Layout – Evaluation Methodology
LoRa Parameters
Carrier frequency 𝐹𝑐 = 868MHz
Bandwidth BW = 125kHz
Spreading factor Génie (=7)
Layout and Drop Parameters
Inter-Site Distance ISD = 1732m
GW Drop location Fixed (19 sites, hexagonal
layout)
(omnidirectional)
Antenna height 𝐻GW = 35m
Transmit power 𝑃GW
Max
= 21dBm
Noise figure NFGW = 7dB
EP Drop location Random (1000 EPs outdoor)
(omnidirectional)
Antenna height 𝐻EP = 1.5m
Transmit power 𝑃EP
Max
= 14dBm
Noise figure NFEP = 7dB
Propagation Parameters
Pathloss Model 3GPP TR36,942 v12,0
Shadowing Standard deviation 𝜎SF = 8dB
Inter-correlation 0
Fast Fading COST207 Rural Area LoS/NLoS, multipath (max
delay 0.5µs)
Localization
Number of transmission per EP 1
HetNet – Femto Layout, Density 0.5/km2

With Box/Femto LoRa™: 100% data coverage & enhanced GeoLoc
Severe access devices
regain connectivity &
Geolocation improved
GeoLocation not always
guaranteed indoor
GPS
Data Fusion
Femto (D)RSS

Joint/Hybrid GeoLocation Performance –
Femto RSS Fusion with Macro DTOA
Macro only
Macro + Femtos
Gain
ISD = 1732 m
Even if not synchronized, Femtos benefit
greatly Geolocation thanks Fusion of their
RSS with Macro DTOA

Influence of Femtos Density onto Joint/Hybrid GeoLocation
Performance – RSS Fusion
Femtos benefit
Geolocation
thanks to Data
Fusion
(RSS and
DTOA)
ISD = 1732 m

With Box/Femto LoRa™ + sync option: 100% data + GeoLocation
coverage
Localisation and data
services available
everywhere indoor
GPS
Data Fusion
Femto DTOA

Joint/Hybrid GeoLocation Performance –
Femto DTOA (sync) Fusion with Macro DTOA
When synchronized, Femtos’ benefit on
Geolocation is outstanding thanks to
Fusion of their timestamps (TOA) with
Macro TOAs, through DTOA approach
ISD = 1732 m

Reliability @90%: Influence of Femtos roll-out, thanks to
Hyrid/Fusion of RSS/TOA
Macro only
Data Fusion Gain
Time stamps + RSS
Data Fusion
Femtos
ISD = 1732 m
Flexibility of IoT LoRa™ Network allows to tailor & adapt both roll-
out strategies & dynamic performance to meet SLA & QoS Criteria,
thus delivering true LPWAN Experience

This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization38 This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization38

IoT GeoLocation assessment Criteria & trade-offs
There is a strong NEED for
flexibility to deal with variability &
Randomness of Wireless
Environment !
This will make the
difference on SLA
& TCO !

LPWAN IoT Systems – Now & Tomorrow
LPWAN are changing already the rules of competition by
proposing new disruptive business models, thanks to tailored
technology, well dimensionned from the beginning with the true
fondamental and simple primary needs from major industrial
IoT:
- (Very) Low Power
- (Very) Long Range
- (Very) Low Cost (TCO)
This allows new actors to join the Connected Economy, by
adopting available & affordable wireless technology, with simple
& fast roll-out.
Simplifying IoT roll-out will massively
benefit value extraction from data, and
its monetization.
Innovative & disruptive business is emerging from ISM bands
technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, SRD, and now IoT), Regulators
should bear that in mind, whilst LTE-U/LAA is crossing the line…

Thanks…
Any Question?
Special Thanks to:
- Massinissa Lalam, Ph.D
- Maxime Grau

IoT-LPWAN LoRa Geoloc - sagemcom - m2m-innovationworld_geotrack

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