Presented by Zahid Ghadialy in the Cambridge Wireless event: ‘5G: A Practical Approach’ on 3rd Feb 2015

1. 5G: A 2020 Vision
Small Cells SIG &
Radio Tech SIG event
3rd Feb 2015
Zahid Ghadialy
@zahidtgV1.1.0

2. 2
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about eXplanoTech
Requirement
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3. Simplified ‘Network Capacity’ equation 3
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Quantity of Spectrum
(Hz)
Cell Spectrum Efficiency
(bps Hz-1)
Number of Cellsx xΣb a n d
=Network Capacity
(bps)

4. Wi-Fi, 4.5G and pre-5G
4

5. • 4.5G whitepaper –
published June 2014
• 19,000+ views
• Download from
slideshare
4.5G = LTE-A + Wi-Fi simultaneously 5
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6. 6
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802.11ax – High Efficiency WLAN (HEW)

7. Image source: Wikipedia
Total bandwidth, nearly 90 MHz
7
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2.4GHz ISM Band

8. Image source: RevolutionWiFi
Total bandwidth, nearly 900 MHz
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5GHz Band

9. Total bandwidth, nearly 9GHz
9
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60GHz Band

10. 10
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Alcatel-Lucent view of 4.5G (and 5G)

11. 11
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Huawei’s vision of 4.5G
Huawei to finalise '4.5G' branding by
Q1, commercialise in 2016
21st November 2014: Huawei said it will finalise the name of
the emerging technology between 4G and 5G, which it is
currently calling 4.5G, in the first quarter of 2015 and targets
launching commercial products in 2016… “But we think it’s
not that important what you call it. It could be 4GX, 4G+ or 4G
B.”
EE exec takes swipe at 4.5G “hype”
22nd October 2014: Mansoor Hanif, director of RAN
development and programmes for UK number one operator EE,
said there is “a lot of confusion out there” about the industry’s
latest buzz-phrase, 4.5G.
…
“To some people, 4.5G is the combination of 4G plus Wi-Fi
aggregated, to some people it’s something like that but closer to
5G. Each partner, each vendor, each operator has their own
view. Vodafone in one presentation said that 4.5G refers to
carrier aggregation,” he said.

12. Pre-5G
ZTE to launch 'pre-5G' base station next year
23rd December, 2014: Chinese vendor ZTE has said it plans to launch a ‘pre-
5G’ testing base station in 2015, commercial use of which will be possible in
2016, following tests and adjustment.
Pre-5G technology is a concept the company first proposed at a summit in
Amsterdam at a time when industry insiders said 5G technology would not be
deployed in the market before 2020.
12

13. 5G

14. 5G summary from MWC 2014 14
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15. • Two key mantra’s for 5G:
– ABC (Always Best Connected)
– ASR (Always Sufficient Rate) – to give users the
perception of infinite capacity
What is 5G 15

16. “The 5G litmus test for me
is a new air interface and
different ways to do end-
to-end policy set-up than
just the nine QCIs [QoS
Class Identifiers] specified
in LTE today. When those
are combined, that will be
5G as far as I’m
concerned” - Michael
Peeters, CTO of Alcatel-
Lucent’s wireless business
unit
Source: 5G Reality Check – Mobile Europe, Dec.
2014
16
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Conflicting views on 5G #1

17. “We believe OFDM, which we’ve
inherited from LTE, is the best
combination with MIMO. We don’t see a
strong motivation at this point in time to
walk away from OFDM because it has in-
built flavour that can easily support a
high number of antennas, as well as
being cost and energy efficient, which
will outweigh the little performance you
gain from the other waveforms.” - Peter
Merz, Head of Radio Systems, Technology
and Innovation at Nokia Networks.
Source: 5G Reality Check – Mobile Europe, Dec. 2014
17
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Conflicting views on 5G #2

18. “In new frequency bands, perhaps around
6GHz, we think we’ll see allocations of
much wider bandwidth, perhaps hundreds
of MHz, so we’re looking at some variant
of access technologies, but not too unlike
what we have in LTE today, yes, there
might be some things we do to OFDM in
higher frequencies – to optimise it for
higher bandwidth and reduce latency – but
we think the basic modulation scheme will
be the same.” - Dr. Håkan Andersson, Head
of 5G Product Strategy, Radio Business
Unit, Ericsson
Source: 5G Reality Check – Mobile Europe, Dec. 2014
18
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Conflicting views on 5G #3

19. ITU Requirements for IMT-Future 19
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Attribute IMT-Advanced
4G
IMT-Future
5G
Achievable
Rates (Mbps)
1Gbps 10-50Gbps
Connection
Density
106-107/km2
Mobility &
Coverage
350km/h 500km/h
Energy
Efficiency
1x 50-100x
Spectral
Efficiency
1x 5-15x
Latency 10ms 1ms

20. • 1-10Gbps connections to end points in the field (i.e.
not theoretical maximum)
• 1 millisecond end-to-end round trip delay (latency)
• 1000x bandwidth per unit area
• 10-100x number of connected devices
• (Perception of) 99.999% availability
• (Perception of) 100% coverage
• 90% reduction in network energy usage
• Up to ten year battery life for low power, machine-
type devices
Source: Understanding 5G: Perspectives on future technological advancements in
mobile - GSMA Intelligence, December 2014
20
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IMT-2020 (5G) technology requirements

21. Image Source: 5G-From Research to Standardisation - Bernard Barani European
Commission, Globecom2014
21
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5G: Multiple inter-operable standards?
Optimize for
data rate
Optimize for
connection
numbers
Optimize for
delay

22. • Clean
-Slate
• 2G
• 3G
• 4G
• 5G?
22
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Internet of Things (IoT) – possibilities
• Zigbee
• 6LoWPAN
• Z-Wave
• Sigfox
• Weightless
• BLE
• oneM2M
• LTN
• Thread
• 802.11ah
Non-exhaustive list

23. 5G Spectrum

24. Note: Not according to scale
24
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Spectrum Bands Summary
300MHz 1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 4GHz
UHF
8GHz 12GHz 18GHz 27GHz 30GHz 40GHz
SHF
75GHz 110GHz 300GHz
EHF
30MHz
VHF
millimetre wave (mmWave / mmW)centimetre wave (cmWave)
Microwaves
LIEEE Bands S C X Ku K Ka V W
ITU-R
Bands
E E
86GHz57GHz
V
71-76,
81-86GHz
57-66GHz

25. Importance of Frequency Selection
2.1GHz 900MHz
Higher frequency
means faster
decay
Lower frequency means
more number of users in a
given cell
Higher frequency gets
reflected from walls and
have poor penetration
Lower frequency gets
attenuated from walls but
still penetrates
25

26. 5G needs combination of low & high freq. 26
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27. Metis: Possible 5G bands 9-40GHz 27
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28. Metis: Possible 5G bands 9-40GHz 28
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29. Metis: Possible 5G bands 40-86GHz 29
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30. Metis: Possible 5G bands 40-86GHz 30
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31. NTT Docomo 5G Trials 31
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Image Source: Telecom TV
See NTT Docomo press release: DOCOMO to Conduct 5G Experimental Trials with
World-leading Mobile Technology Vendors, May 2014

32. Source: Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications - The Renaissance of Computing
and Communications – Ted Rappaport, ICC 2014
32
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mmWave Wavelength Visualization – 60GHz

33. Source: Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications - The Renaissance of Computing
and Communications – Ted Rappaport, ICC 2014
33
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“Zero Area” Antenna Implementation

34. Long road for 5G spectrum discussions 34
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35. 5G Technologies

36. • These technologies are often lumped along with 5G
but will happen anyway and will lay the foundation of
5G
– SDN and NFV
– Cloud RAN (C-RAN) and Remote Radio Head (RRH)
– Densification of Networks/HetNet’s
– Voice/Video and Messaging enhancements
– New Codecs
– Machine-to-Machine (M2M) enhancements
– Device-to-Device (D2D) enhancements
– Higher order modulations (HOMs) in downlink and uplink
– Dynamic spectrum allocation/sharing techniques
– Cloud, Caching and CDN
36
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Technologies independent of ‘5G’

37. • The key technologies that are being discussed for ‘5G’
are as follows (non-exhaustive list):
– Centimetre & Millimetre frequencies/waves
– Super wideband spectrum
– New waveforms, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
and Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC)
– In-Band Full Duplex (IBFD)
– 3D Massive MIMO and Beamforming
– Cognitive radio spectrum sensing techniques
– No-Edge/Edgeless cells
– Smaller cells and Ultra-dense Networks (UDN).
– Multi-stream aggregation (MSA)
– Control/User plane spit in access network (Phantom Cell)
37
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Key ‘5G’ Technologies Under Discussion

38. China Mobile’s vision of ‘6 Pearls’ 38
Picture Source: Vision 2020 Perspective and Progress of CMCC, Dr. Chih-Lin I, 5G
Huddle, Sep. 2014

39. Source: Exploring 5G: Performance Targets, Technologies & Timelines
39
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Rethinking Shannon

40. Picture Source: SK Telecom 5G whitepaper
40
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In-Band Full Duplex (IBFD)

41. Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) 41
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Ultra dense
deployment
Multi-hop
deployment
Industrial
Automation Vehicle to vehicle
deployment
Relaying
deployment
Military
deployment
Multiple carriers
Different technologies

42. Multi-Stream Aggregation (MSA) 42
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Multi-RAT Carrier Aggregation (MCA)
HSPA/HSPA+ HSPA/HSPA+ HSPA/HSPA+
Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Wi-Fi
LTE/LTE-A LTE/LTE-A LTE/LTE-A LTE/LTE-A
TD-LTE TD-LTE TD-LTETD-LTE
5G (low freq) 5G (low freq)
5G 5G 5G 5G 5G 5G 5G

43. 5G Timelines

44. The race to be ‘first’ with 5G 44
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Huawei targets 2018 World Cup in
Russia for 5G trial
November 20, 2014: Huawei is getting even deeper into 5G
waters, inking a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with
MegaFon in Russia, with plans to demonstrate 5G in a trial
during the FIFA World Cup in 2018.
That's two years ahead of when commercial 5G is expected to
be available…
NTT Docomo names suppliers for 5G
trials; targets 2020 commercial
launch
08/05/14: NTT Docomo, Japan’s biggest mobile operator,
announced it is working with six suppliers to conduct various
“experimental trials” for 5G involving higher frequency bands
than those used for existing mobile technologies.
SK Telecom teams with Nokia on 5G
demo slated for 2018
Jan 21, 2015: The race to be the first to demonstrate and launch
5G is heating up. The latest entrant is SK Telecom which
announced today that it has signed a memorandum of
understanding (MOU) with Nokia to conduct joint research and
development on 5G with the ultimate goal of demonstrating the
technology in 2018 and commercially launching it in 2020.
Samsung aims to debut 5G at 2018
Olympics
October 22, 2014: Samsung aims to launch 5G-based products
in time for the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in PyeongChang.
Speaking at the ITU's 5G Global Summit, Samsung head of
communications research Cheun Kyung-whoon said the
PyeongChang Winter Olympics and the Tokyo Summer
Olympics in 2020 will be an ideal time to showcase 5G
technology, the Korea Herald said.

45. Picture Source: Morgan Mullooly, Twitter
45
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Length of time between initial LTE and LTE-A
Deployments

46. Road to 5G: Approximate schedule 46
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2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Requirements
&
Exploration
Standardization
&
Prototype
Trials
& Commercial
Deployments
IMT. Vision IMT. Proposals IMT. Specifications
IMT-Advanced
2018
Enhancements to
IMT-Advanced for
use in IMT spectrum
below 6,5 GHz
IMT-2020 [5G]
Including new RITs
that might or might not
be backward
compatible for use in
IMT spectrum below
and/or above 6,5 GHz
ITU Requirements WS
Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16
- Scenarios & requirements
- SI* for low spectrum
- Channel modeling for high
spectrum
- WI* for low
spectrum
- SI* for high
spectrum
- WI* for low
spectrum
enhancement
- WI* for high
spectrum
Phase I Phase II Phase III
Basic research work
Vision building
Large-scale trials
Early standardization
System optimization
Pre-standardization
* SI : Study Items
WI : Work Items
Metis
For Guidance Only
Source: Future Networks – Bernard Celli, ANFR, Digiworld 2014

47. Roadmaps to 5G 47
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48. • NFV based network implementation
• mmWave (or cmWave but mmWave preferable)
• Massive MIMO (at least 64x64) and 3D Beamforming
• Dense Small Cells network with MSA
48
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5G Prototype: Minimum set of features

49. 5G Target 49
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Internet of things
Automotive industryMedical care
Smart meters Sensors
UHD video streaming Augmented reality
Big data e-learning
Environment Remote medicine
Smart HomeRobots
Enhanced mobile broadband
Safety networks
Interactive HD TV
Shipping logistic
Traffic safety control
Modern agriculture Industrial applications
Geolocation
Social gaming
Real 3D
Tactile Internet
Services
Cloud
Fiber
SDN
HetNetSatellite
Unlicensed Cognitive radio
4G LTE LSA
Small cells
Massive MiMo
Wi-Fi
Sharing
New waveform
Virtualized radio
Multi integrated wireless
High spectrum
Carrier aggregation
Technologies
Traffic x 1000 Density x 10
User convenience
Data rates x 10 Reliability
Availability Capacity
End to end latency (/ 5)
Seamless mobility
Systems continuity
Objectives
Spectrum efficiency
Energy efficiency
Cost efficiency
Security
Adaptability
Constraints
Source: Future Networks – Bernard Celli, ANFR, Digiworld 2014
For Guidance Only

50. ‘5G’ will make this possible  50
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51. I would like to thank the following people for their
contributions through either online or personal
discussions and guidance. In no particular order:
• Dr. Shahram Niri
• Elena Neira
• John K. Bramfield
• Dan Warren
• Philip Solis
• Morgan Mullooly
• David Rogers
• Ajit Jaokar
51
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Acknowledgements