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Low-Power Wide Area - Overview
Low-Power Wide-Area (LPWA) technology is needed for Internet of Things (IoT) devices due to their low-bandwidth and long battery life requirements. Two leading LPWA cellular technologies are LTE-M and NB-IoT. LTE-M supports higher data rates and real-time communication, while NB-IoT is optimized for low data rates from stationary sensors. Major cellular networks have begun rolling out and expanding LPWA networks globally in 2017 and 2018 to support the growing demand of IoT devices.
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Low-Power Wide Area - Overview
- 1. Low-Power Wide-Area Overview OliverWilps September 2017
- 2. 2 Why IoT needsLPWA technology Cellular (2G, 3G, 4G) WWAN 1km WLAN 100m WHAN 10m WPAN 1m 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps WWAN 10km Range Speed LPWA PAN WLAN
- 3. 3 Wireless technology comparison PANsWLANs Legacy Cellular LPWA Data Rates (messaging, IP data) Low Med High Low Cost (and complexity) Low Med/Low High Low Current (power consumption) Low Med High Low Coverage (range, penetration) Short Short Med V. Long User Setup/Install (pairing, connected req.?) Hard Hard Easy Easy
- 4. 4 LPWA technology snapshot ADVANTAGES •Time-to-market (closing quickly) • Private network with no certification requirements (LoRA Alliance TBD) RISKS • No quality of service guarantee • Longevity of network availability • Limited global deployments • No migration path to support higher- bandwidth real-time features in the future PROPRIETARY 3GPP CELLULAR LoRa Sigfox RPMA (Ingenu) LTE-M NB-IOT EC-GSM-IOT ADVANTAGES • Global coverage with established ecosystem • Guaranteed quality of service • Supports real-time communication and mobile applications • Easy migration path to higher-bandwidth cellular technologies RISKS • Time-to-market
- 5. 5 PROS • It’s virtuallyeverywhere • Most secure wireless option • Over-the-air update support • Quick to deploy CONS • Expensive and complex to integrate compared to Wi-Fi or Bluetooth • Power consuming features designed for consumers With LPWA, now is the time to try cellular Considered cellular in the past? Choosing cellular now makes sense for IoT applications
- 6. 6 What makes LPWAa new category of cellular? C COST: More than 50% reduction compared to broadband LTE. Think 2G or Bluetooth. C CONSUMPTION: More than 100x lower power than broadband LTE achieving 10+ years battery life. C COVERAGE. 5-10x greater compared to broadband LTE. $ Immediate Service Global Coverage 580+ Networks 180+ Countries Durable Investment Long-term availability Global Standard Scalable and Flexible Trusted Ecosystem Built-in Security Solid supply chain Roaming and eUICC PLUS the benefits of cellular The 3C’s of LPWA
- 7. 7 Two leading cellularLPWA technologies LTE-M / CAT-M1 • Highest bandwidth LPWA technology • Ability to support voice & roaming • Ideal for sensor, real-time, mobile apps NB-IOT / CAT-NB1 • Focused on very low data rates • Ability to use both 4G & 2G spectrum • Ideal for stationary sensor apps
- 8. 8 Comparing low-bandwidth cellulartechnologies NB-IOT LTE-M CAT-1 comparisonREL 13 REL 14 REL 13 REL 14 Current (idle mode) <15 uA (80s eDRX) 1-2mA (DRX) Coverage extension 164dB MCL 144 MCL Cost (future) <$10 <$15 Worldwide SKU yes no Data Rate (DL/UL) CAT-NB1 27/65 kbps CAT-NB2 65/145 kbps CAT-M1 300/375 kbps CAT-M1 590/1000 kbps 10/5Mbps Resource allocation pre-allocated ~ dynamic dynamic dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) no yes yes Mobility no yes yes Real Time no yes yes Voice no yes (2018) Enhanced yes Network positioning no yes yes Enhanced yes Network Requirements mostly software upgrade software upgrade minor change
- 9. 9 Comparing low-bandwidth cellulartechnologies NB-IOT LTE-M CAT-1 comparisonREL 13 REL 14 REL 13 REL 14 Current (idle mode) <15 uA (80s eDRX) 1-2mA (DRX) Coverage extension 164dB MCL 144 MCL Cost (future) <$10 <$15 Worldwide SKU yes no Data Rate (DL/UL) CAT-NB1 27/65 kbps CAT-NB2 65/145 kbps CAT-M1 300/375 kbps CAT-M1 590/1000 kbps 10/5Mbps Resource allocation pre-allocated ~ dynamic dynamic dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) no yes yes Mobility no yes yes Real Time no yes yes Voice no yes (2018) Enhanced yes Network positioning no yes yes Enhanced yes Network Requirements mostly software upgrade software upgrade minor change • Both technologies meet the 3Cs • LTE-M is faster and supports: ―Voice and mobile applications ―Real-time communication ―Network positioning from Rel 13 (NB-IOT support in Rel 14)
- 10. 10 Cellular LPWA rolloutoverview 2016 2017 2018 2019 Technology Available Pilot Projects General Availability Massive Adoption Low Cost 75% device complexity reduction compared to LTE Cat-1 Low Consumption 10-20 years lifetime on AA batteries (2500 mAh) Deep Coverage +20dB sensitivity Range x 5-10 Basement coverage Reminder: 3Cs of LPWA
- 11. 11 Network rollouts asof July 2017 AT&T Verizon Telstra China Mobile China Telecom China unicom LTE-M (Cat-M1) NB-IOT (Cat-NB1) LTE-M + NB-IOT (Cat-M1 + NB1) Deutsche Telekom Vodafone Vodafone
- 12. 12 Network rollouts in1H 2018 Telus Bell AT&T Verizon KPN Telstra Spark Rogers Orange Telefonica China Mobile KDDI Softbank NTT docomo LTE-M (Cat-M1) NB-IOT (Cat-NB1) Vodafone Deutsche Telekom LTE-M + NB-IOT (Cat-M1 + NB1) China unicom China Telecom Telecom Italia Vodafone Sprint SFR Telia Megafon M1 LG U+KT Sources: GSA NB-IoT Report Feb. 2017; AT&T, NTT DoCoMo, KDDI, KPN, Orange, TELUS, Telstra, Telefonica, Verizon, Spark Feb. 2017, Sprint May 2017, Bell June 2017; SKT, Softbank, SFR from GSA 4G Market & Technology Update, Jan. 2017 AT&T Singtel Telkomsel AIS Viettel T-Mobile SK Telecom SwisscomMovistar Telenor Cellcom EE O2 MTN Etisalat MTS More networks detailed in tables
- 13. 13 LPWA FEATURES Full network rolloutsdoes not mean all features have been implemented • Power consumption • PSM: available now • eDRX: ready for testing, network launches expected in early 2018 (requires module firmware upgrade) • Coverage • Mode A: being tested now • Mode B: future feature dependent on network availability (requires module firmware upgrade)
- 14. 14 Start with Sierra,scale with CF3™ One form factor is all you need with Common Flexible Form Factor (CF3)essential connectivity integrated application processing Ready to Connect embedded global SIM 2G 3G 4G LPWALTE-M / Cat-M1 NB-IOT / Cat-NB1
- 15. 15 LPWA started withSierra 2010 LTE-M standard submission 20162013 LTE-M roadshow to network operators World’s first low power demo of LTE-M Pilot of LTE-M 2017 LTE-M Trials Smart meter demos on LTE-M networks 1H First LTE-M deployment on live network Sierra Wireless LPWA Intellectual Property • 4 patents essential to 3GPP LTE standards • Applicable to both LTE-M and NB-IOT • Includes power savings and roaming features
- 16. Know the limitationsof proprietary technologies APPENDIX 2
- 17. 17 LPWAN Comparisons 3GPP LPWA Semtech/ LoRa V1 SigFox V1 RPMA (Ingenu) Application Service Requirements Native IP Support ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ Short Message Service ✓ ✓ ✓ 12 bytes (deployed) ✓ Real-Time (human interaction 300ms) ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ Voice (40ms) ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ Predictable Service Level (licensed vs unlicense band) ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ Spontaneous MT Data ✓ ✗ ✗ Only on AC power MO Latency 100ms 400ms + backhaul 2-6 seconds > 2.3 Sec Mobility Seamless Hand off Claim to be high speed capable with CSS No roaming - nomatic No roaming - nomatic Battery Life- MO use case Great Great Poor Great Battery Life- MT use case Great Poor Poor Poor Security & DM Standard DM (OMA) ✓ Not Today Never Not Today Standard FW update (OMA) ✓ Not Today Never Not Today Keys stored in Secure element ✓ (SIM) ✗ ✗ ✗ Standard Authentication ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ Standard Encryption ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ Device Identification IMEI/IMSI - Via BABT/CTIA Not regulated Not regulated Not regulated
- 18. 18 LPWAN Comparisons Feature 3GPPLPWA Semtech / LoRa V1 SigFox V1 RPMA (Ingenu) Technology Best Coverage UL Throughput 375kbps 22kbps 160bps 7kbps QoS (MaxBR, MinBR, MER….) ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ Link Budget (MCL) 164dB 160dB 165dB 172dB Capacity No issues Shown to support 1M users per km^2 Likely Yes Likely Deployment Risks Life Cylcle > 10 years ✓ Risky Risky Risky Multiple Chipset Vendors ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ Multiple Module Vendors ✓ Limited ✓ ✗ Multiple Infra Vendors ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ Multiple MNO ✓ Maybe ✗ ✗ Protocol Standardization ✓ RAN and CN Partly in LoRa Alliance ✗ ✗ Formal Certification and IoT ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ Commercial Networks Worldwide 2018 Mostly EU Trials in other areas Com in EU Trials in NA Small deployments in NA OTA Subscription Management (e.g. Swap operators) ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ NW deployment time Fast Slow Slow Slow NW deployment Cost eNB S/W Upgrade Share Spectrum w/H2H Install new HW Install new HW Install new HW Cost Module Cost As low as $7 -TBC $3 chip only Low cost High cost
- 19. Deeper Dive onNetwork Rollouts APPENDIX 1
- 20. 20 Timing of keyoperators in NAM NB-IOT LTE-M EC-GSM-IOT Sierra Wireless Q1 2018* Q1 2018* TBD Verizon TBD Q1 2017* - AT&T TBD Q2 2017* - AT&T Mexico - Q1 2018* - Sprint - Mid-2018* - T-Mobile Late 2017* TBD - US Cellular - TBD - Rogers TBD TBD - Bell TBD 2018* - Telus TBD Pilots 2H 2017* - *based on publically disclosed dates, actual dates may vary 2017 is for the operators • to roll out live networks • to roll out certification and pricing plans 2018/19 is for deploying commercial products
- 21. 21 Timing of keyoperators in APAC - 1 NB-IOT LTE-M EC-GSM-IOT Sierra Wireless Q1 2018 Q1 2018 TBD Telstra 2H 2017* TBD - Vodafone Aus (VHA) 2H/2017* - - Spark NZ Early 2018* Early 2018* - Vodafone NZ Q4 2017* Early 2018* - NTT Docomo 1H 2018* Q1 2018* - Softbank Q4 2017* Q4 2017* - KDDI 1H 2018* Q4 2017* - SKT - - - KT - No Plans - LG+ - No Plans - M1 Q4 2017* 2018* - SingTel Q4 2017* Q4 2017* - *based on publically disclosed dates, actual dates may vary 2017 is for the operators • to roll out live networks • to roll out certification and pricing plans 2018/19 is for deploying commercial products
- 22. 22 Timing of keyoperators in APAC - 2 NB-IOT LTE-M EC-GSM-IOT AIS Q4 2017 - - Telkomsel Q4 2017 - - Viettel 2H 2018 2H 2018 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - *based on publically disclosed dates, actual dates may vary 2017 is for the operators • to roll out live networks • to roll out certification and pricing plans 2018/19 is for deploying commercial products
- 23. Thank you.Oliver Wilps +49171 86 55 668