know more about nanomaterials and its apllication in future as well as current situation, and what wil we reserch on basis of nanomaterials and carbon structure and its aplication in such futuriastic manner.
Nano Material
Introduction and Synthesis
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but is usually 1—100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale[1]).
Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties.
Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized[2] and beginning to emerge as commodities.[3]
know more about nanomaterials and its apllication in future as well as current situation, and what wil we reserch on basis of nanomaterials and carbon structure and its aplication in such futuriastic manner.
Nano Material
Introduction and Synthesis
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 and 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but is usually 1—100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale[1]).
Nanomaterials research takes a materials science-based approach to nanotechnology, leveraging advances in materials metrology and synthesis which have been developed in support of microfabrication research. Materials with structure at the nanoscale often have unique optical, electronic, or mechanical properties.
Nanomaterials are slowly becoming commercialized[2] and beginning to emerge as commodities.[3]
this is the ppt on nano technology.
made by harshid panchal and dhrumil patel.
this take lots of time..thanx for dhrumil for time.
i think this is helpful to all.
education
Nanotechnology and Its Applications which are related to the field of engineering and mainly bio-nanotechnology, electronics and green nanotechnology in India.
Nanotechnology is combination of words nano and technology which means very small size of technology. As we all see, day-by-day the size of the objects shrink, so that they can be easily transportable, easily handle. so nanotechnology helps a lot in this digital world.
Novel effects can occur in materials when structures are formed with sizes comparable to any one of many possible length scales, such as the de Broglie wavelength of electrons, or the optical wavelengths of high energy photons. In these cases quantum mechanical effects can dominate material properties. One example is quantum confinement where the electronic properties of solids are altered with great reductions in particle size. The optical properties of nanoparticles, e.g. fluorescence, also become a function of the particle diameter. This effect does not come into play by going from macrosocopic to micrometer dimensions, but becomes pronounced when the nanometer scale is reached.
Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a type of nanoparticle which have a metal core composed of inorganic metal or metal oxide that is usually covered with a shell made up of organic or inorganic material or metal oxide.
An introduction to nano-science and nanotechnology, now in English !!
I am sorry about mistakes like "Fisics" instead of "Physics" and "alone atoms" where should be "sinlge atoms".
=)
This is a presentation I made for a school project.
It is not a professional presentation but it does have a lot of information and is perfect to use for a school projects after you make a few changes.
this is the ppt on nano technology.
made by harshid panchal and dhrumil patel.
this take lots of time..thanx for dhrumil for time.
i think this is helpful to all.
education
Nanotechnology and Its Applications which are related to the field of engineering and mainly bio-nanotechnology, electronics and green nanotechnology in India.
Nanotechnology is combination of words nano and technology which means very small size of technology. As we all see, day-by-day the size of the objects shrink, so that they can be easily transportable, easily handle. so nanotechnology helps a lot in this digital world.
Novel effects can occur in materials when structures are formed with sizes comparable to any one of many possible length scales, such as the de Broglie wavelength of electrons, or the optical wavelengths of high energy photons. In these cases quantum mechanical effects can dominate material properties. One example is quantum confinement where the electronic properties of solids are altered with great reductions in particle size. The optical properties of nanoparticles, e.g. fluorescence, also become a function of the particle diameter. This effect does not come into play by going from macrosocopic to micrometer dimensions, but becomes pronounced when the nanometer scale is reached.
Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a type of nanoparticle which have a metal core composed of inorganic metal or metal oxide that is usually covered with a shell made up of organic or inorganic material or metal oxide.
An introduction to nano-science and nanotechnology, now in English !!
I am sorry about mistakes like "Fisics" instead of "Physics" and "alone atoms" where should be "sinlge atoms".
=)
This is a presentation I made for a school project.
It is not a professional presentation but it does have a lot of information and is perfect to use for a school projects after you make a few changes.
chaminaameen@gmail.com
Amina Ameen
Ask me for any other help for PowerPoint slides on my email I'd. I will love to help you in your PowerPoint assignments.
Thanks.
The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of materials at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale
The Nano World - STS Report Group 3 | CLDH - EI
Aslie Ace Pacete
Cheska Oga
Francis Gabriel Oliberos
Joyce Anne Orfiana
Luigi Sam Policarpio
Nico Co Navarro
Patricia Reyes
What is Nanotechnology? A Technology which will change the world.FlactuateTech
Nanotechnology is a field of research and innovation that involves building 'objects' - frequency, building materials, and devices - on the scale of atoms and molecules. A nanometer is a billionth of a millionth: one ten times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. The diameter of human hair, on average, is about 80,000 nanometers.On such scales, the general rules of physics and chemistry no longer apply. For example, the properties of building materials, such as their color, strength, performance, and performance, can vary greatly between nanoscale and macro. Carbon 'nanotubes' are about 100 times stronger than steel but six times lighter.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2. What is nano?
Date, location
• Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale
(about 1 to 100 nanometers)
• Nano can refer to technologies, materials, particles, objects – we are focusing on
nanomaterials as these are already being used in workplaces more widely
• A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick, a human hair is around 80,000-
100,000 nanometers wide
References:
http://www.cancer.gov/researchandfunding/snapshots/nanotechnology
http://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101
Yanamala N, Kagan VG and Shvedova AA (2013), Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 65,
2070-2077. "Molecular modeling in structural nano-toxicology: Interactions of
nano-particles with nano-machinery of cells".
The Scale of the Universe video
Human hair and a sheet of paper
3. Types of nanomaterials
• Nanomaterials can…
• occur naturally
• be produced by human activity either
as a product of another activity
• on purpose (engineered)
• Our focus: engineered nanomaterials as
these are designed and integrated into
products because of the specific
characteristics of the nanomaterial
References:
https://nanohub.org/groups/gng/training_materials
(Introduction to Nanomaterials and Occupational
Health)
Images:
http://www.everychina.com/m-rubber-nano-zinc-oxide
http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/76747818.png
http://www.nanodic.com/carbon/Fullerene/1_resize.jpg
http://www.carbonallotropes.com/39-122-thickbox/single-
wall-carbon-nanotubes.jpg
http://www.icbpharma.pl/techno_slow.html
Date, location
4. Different approaches to nanotechnology
Nanotechnologies can be:
• Top-down
– Etching a block of material down to the
desired shape
– Chips and processors
• Bottom-up
– Building materials atom by atom - like lego
– Nanoparticles such as C60, carbon
nanotubes, quantum dots
Images:
Provided by Steffen Foss Hansen, Danish Technical University,
except C60 image from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene
and quantum dot from
http://en.rusnano.com/upload/OldNews/Files/33619/current.gif
Date, location
6. Courtesy of Prof. Z.L. Wang, Georgia Tech
NanoZnO – One Chemistry, Many Shapes
7. Why are nanomaterials used?
• At nano-scale,
• the material properties change - melting
point, fluorescence, electrical
conductivity, and chemical reactivity
• Surface size is larger so a greater
amount of the material comes into
contact with surrounding materials and
increases reactivity
• Nanomaterial properties can be ‘tuned’ by
varying the size of the particle (e.g. changing
the fluorescence colour so a particle can be
identified)
• Their complexity offers a variety of functions
to products References:
http://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101
Image:s :
http://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/special
http://www.phys.sinica.edu.tw/TIGP-
NANO/Course/2012_Fall/classnotes/NanoB_PART_I_20121101.pdf
http://nanocomposix.com/pages/nanotoxicology-particle-selection
Date, location
8. Examples of nanomaterials in
products
• Examples:
• Amorphous silica fume (nano-silica) in Ultra High
Performance Concrete – this silica is normally
thought to have the same human risk factors as
non‐nano non‐toxic silica dust
• Nano platinum or palladium in vehicle catalytic
converters - higher surface area to volume of
particle gives increased reactivity and therefore
increased efficiency
• Crystalline silica fume is used as an additive in
paints or coatings, giving e.g. self-cleaning
characteristics – it has a needle-like structure and
sharp edges so is very toxic and is known to
cause silicosis upon occupational exposure
References:
http://www.efbww.org/pdfs/Nano.pdf
http://www.landscapeforms.com/en-US/site-
furniture/Pages/prima-marina-table.aspx
http://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/special
http://old.vscht.cz/monolith/
http://www.efbww.org/pdfs/Nano.pdf
Date, location
9. Nano now and in the future
• In 2004, a scientist working in the US
proposed 4 generations of nanotechnologies,
with the 1st generation already existing:
nanomaterials
• 1st generation generally combines a
nanomaterial with another material to
introduce a new functionality or enhance
performance/behaviour
• Increasing complexity and ethical issues
• Generational timeline was optimistic
References:
Mihael Roco:
http://irgc.org/IMG/pdf/Mike_Roco_Risk_Governance_for_Nanotechnology_-
_An_Introduction_to_Frame_2_.pdf
Woodrow Wilson Institute Oversight of Next-Generation Nanotechnology
(http://www.nanotechproject.org/process/assets/files/7316/pen-18.pdf)
Date, location
