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1. Nano technology

2. Definition
• Nanotechnology (at times reduced to
"nanotech") is the study of employing
matter on an atomic and molecular level.
• Usually, nanotechnology concerns with
developing materials, devices, or other
structures having at least one dimension
sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. (kirtisingh,
2013)

3. History
• The first ever conception was offered in 1959 by the well-known professor
of physics Dr. Richard P.Feynman.
• Discovery of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981 and the detection
of fullerene (C60) in 1985 lead to the emergence of nanotechnology.
• The term “Nano-technology" had been invented by NorioTaniguchi in
1974.

4. Top down approach
• It refers to the traditional work shop or micro-fabrication method where
tools are used to cut, mill and shape materials into the desired shape and
order
Bottom up approach
• It refers to methods where devices create themselves by self assembly
chemical synthesis is a good example.This approach is much cheaper
than top down but difficult to handle because things become larger and
more bulky. (A.Balasubramanian, 2017)

5. Branches of Nano-technology
Green nanotechnology
•Use of nanotechnology to increase the environmental-sustainability of
procedures presently creating negative externalities. It mentions to the
of the products of nanotechnology to improve sustainability. (Bedi, 2011)
Nano-engineering
• practice of engineering on the nano-scale.
• It originates its name from the nano-meter, a unit of measurement equaling
billionth of a meter.
• Nano-engineering is mainly a synonym for nanotechnology, but highlights the
engineering reasonably than the pure science features of the field.

6. Continue…
Wet nanotechnology
•It contains working up to huge masses from minor ones.
•Wet nanotechnology involves water in which the process happens.
Nano-biotechnology
•Nanobiotechnology is a field in which instruments from
are created and applied to study biological phenomena.
•For instance, nanoparticles can act as probes, sensors or vehicles for
biomolecule delivery in any cellular systems.

7. Nano-wires
• Electrons in nanowires are considerable confined
crosswise and thus conquer energy levels that
are diverse from that in bulk size materials.
Hence have the:
• Feature ratios (length-to-width ratio) of 1000 or more
• Poor conductivity (superiority effect) (Maurya, 2014)

8. Carbon nanotubes
• Carbon nanotubes are very tough and their tensile strength is 100 periods
greater than that of steel of the identical diameter.
• They conduct electricity well than metals. They are light weight, having density
about one fourth of steel. (K, 2014)
• Electron travelling through a carbon nanotube acts like wave travelling through
a smooth channel. This movement of electrons within a nanotube is called
“ballistic transport”.
• They behaves as molecular size test tubes or capsules for drug delivery
• Depending on their size, they act as electrical conductors or semiconductors.
• They are used as tips for analysis of DNA and proteins by atomic force
microscopy.

9. Nano-fibers
• Nano-fibers are fibers with diameters in the nanometer range.
• Nano-fibers can be produced from diverse polymers and therefore have
diverse physical properties and application potentials.
• Instances of natural polymers include collagen, cellulose, silk
fibroin, keratin, gelatin and polysaccharides like that of chitosan and alginate.

10. Nano rods
• In nanotechnology, nano-rods are one morphology of nano-
scale stuffs.
• Each of their dimensions range from 1–100 nm.
• They may be manufactured from metals or semiconducting
resources.
• Nano-rods are created by direct chemical synthesis.
• A combination of ligands turn as shape control agents and
bond to different surfaces of the nano-rod with different
strengths. This allows diverse faces of the nano-rod to grow
at different rates, making an extended object.

11. Advantages of nano-technology
• Nano-technology have a vast field of applications and advantages in modern era called era
of technology, some of them are give bellow:
• Nano-electronics
• Energy applications
• Nanomaterial applications
• Solar cell
• Nano materials or nano crystals provide large surface area. Hence they act as better
catalysts. (Kumar, 2014)
• Nanotechnology research in the following areas can help the military:
• Fabrics/Materials
• Robotics
• Security
• Weapons
• Vehicles
• Military personnel health

12. Nano-medicine
• Drug delivery:
The basic point to use drug delivery is based upon three facts:
a) Efficient encapsulation of the drugs
b) Successful delivery of said drugs to the targeted region of the body
c) Successful release of that drug there
• Surgery:
With nanotechnology, minute surgical instruments and robots can be made which can be
to perform microsurgeries on any part of the body. “Nano-cameras” can provide close up
visualization of the surgery Less chance of any mistakes or faults Surgery could also be
tissue, genetic and cellular levels.
• Cancer treatment:
This nanoparticle therapy leads to the extermination of the tumor from the body. -It does
leave Secondary Effects on the body.
• Deliver nanoparticles directly to the cancer tissues
• Minimize undesirable toxicity to the rest of the body

13. Disadvantages of nano-technology
• Loss of jobs (in manufacturing, farming, etc.)
• Carbon Nanotubes could be a source of infection in lungs
• Oil & Diamonds could turn out to be valueless
• Atomic weapons could be more reachable and damaging

14. Applications of nano-technology
• Nearly 800 commercial products depend on on nano-scale materials.
• Nano-scale condiments used in polymer composite constituents for baseball bats,
tennis rackets, motorcycle helmets, automobile bumpers, luggage, and power tool
housings.
• Fabrics - resist wrinkling, staining, and bacterial growth, and offer lightweight
ballistic energy bend in personal body shield.
• Nano-scale thin films on eyeglasses, computer and camera displays, windows, and
other surfaces.
• Cosmetic products.
• Nano-engineered resources in the food industry comprise of nano-encapsulation,
nano-composites in food containers. (Kpp, 2013)

15. References
 A.Balasubramanian, P. (2017, July 25). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/bala1957/nanotechnology-
its-applications
 Bedi, H. (2011, October 29). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/HarkiratBedi1/the-scope-of-
nanotechnology
 K, L. V. (2014, October 04). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/LeelaVasundaraDK/nanotechnology-
39867743
 kirtisingh. (2013, March 04). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/kirtisingh2011/nanotechnology-ppt
 Kpp, N. (2013, January 21). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/najiyakpp/nanotechnology-16097907
 Kumar, N. (2014, January 07). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/niteshkumarsinghh/nanotechnology-
29756566
 Maurya, V. (2014, December 16). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/vaibhavvit1/nanotechnology-
42760017