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Nanotechnology
- 2. are the design, characterisation, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at nanometre scale.
- 3. What is Nanotechnology ? • The study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology deals with structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometer in at least one dimension, and involves developing or modifying materials or devices within that size.
- 4. How small is Nano - small? Units in nanometers (µm)
- 5. Types of Nanomaterials • Natural Nanomaterials • Synthetic Nanomaterials
- 7. Natural Nanomaterials • Biological system Viruses • Wax crystal covering a lotus leaf
- 8. Natural Nanomaterials • Butterfly wing scales
- 9. Natural Nanomaterials Horny materials CLAWS BEAKS FEATHERS HAIR
- 10. Synthetic Nanomaterials • Organic and Inorganic Nonmaterials • Graphene sheets • Carbon Nanotubes
- 11. Physical Properties • Size, Shape , Specific surface area • Agglomeration • Size Distribution • Surface Morphology • Structure • Solubility
- 12. Chemical Properties • Structural Formula & Molecular structure • Composition of Nanomaterial Degree of impurity Impurities or Additives Surface Chemistry
- 13. Synthesis of Nanomaterials • Fabrication of nanomaterials with strict control over size, shape and crystalline structure. • Synthesis methods grouped into two categories 1. Top-down method 2. Bottom –up approach
- 14. Top down approach – slicing or successive cutting of a bulk material to get a sized nanoparticles Bottom up approach – Build up of material from the bottom : atom by atom, molecule by molecule
- 17. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): Reactant gases introduced in the chamber, chemical reactions occur on wafer surface leading to the deposition . Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) (no chemical reaction involved): Vapors of constituent materials created inside the chamber, and condensation occurs on wafer surface leading to the deposition. Two main deposition methods are used today
- 18. Spray Pyrolysis - Thin Film Deposition
- 20. Hydrothermal Technique Important components Hydrothermal Bomb Hot air oven Important parameters Temperature Reaction time Hydrothermal synthesis involves the chemical reaction of materials in aqueous solution heated (usually above BP) in a sealed vessel (bomb). Liquid nucleation model
- 21. Spin Coating Technique Almost huge Amount of work was reported on organic solar cells fabricated by this known technique Spin Casting is a easy coating technique for small areas. Material loss is very high.
- 22. Advantages of PLD : • Suitable for complex materials • Fast and flexible (growth control) Disadvantages of PLD : • Particulates • Loss of volatile elements • Small area deposition Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD)
- 23. 23 Magnetron Sputter Deposition High sputtering efficiency fewer gas collisions - more line of sight increase probability of electrons striking Ar increase electron path length use electric and magnetic fields
- 26. Characterization Structural Properties • X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Morphological Studies • Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) • Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) Optical Studies • UV- visible spectrophotometer (UV) • Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) • Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL)
- 27. X-Ray Diffraction Motivation: • X-ray diffraction is used to obtain structural information about crystalline solids. • Useful in biochemistry to solve the 3D structures of complex biomolecules. • Bridge the gaps between physics, chemistry, and biology. X-ray diffraction is important for: • Solid-state physics • Biophysics • Medical physics • Chemistry and Biochemistry X-ray Diffractometer
- 28. Diffractometer Source Optics Detector Source Incident Beam Optics Sample Diffracted Beam Optics Detector Incident Beam Part Diffracted Beam Part
- 32. Depth of focus Optical microscopy vs SEM • A SEM typically has orders of magnitude better depth of focus than a optical microscope making SEM suitable for studying rough surfaces • The higher magnification, the lower depth of focus
- 33. Energy Dispersive X-Ray • Elemental composition present in the samples
- 35. UV –Vis Absorption Spectroscopy
- 36. FT-IR can provide information about Determine quality or consistency of sample Determine amount of components in mixture
- 37. Applications of Nano Materials
- 38. Nanotechnology spans many Areas NANOTECHNOLOGY Information Technology Mechanical Eng. & Robotics Biotechnology Transportation National Security & Defense Food and Agriculture Energy & Environment Aerospace Advance Materials & Textiles Medicine / Health NANOTECHNOLOGY Information Technology Mechanical Eng. & Robotics Biotechnology Food and AgricultureAerospace Advance Materials & Textiles Medicine / Health Energy & Environment NANOTECHNOLOGY Information Technology Mechanical Eng. & Robotics Biotechnology Food and AgricultureAerospace Advance Materials & Textiles Medicine / Health NANOTECHNOLOGY National Security & Defense Food and Agriculture Energy & Environment Aerospace Advance Materials & Textiles Medicine / Health NANOTECHNOLOGY Food and AgricultureAerospace Advance Materials & Textiles Medicine / Health Energy & Environment NANOTECHNOLOGY Information Technology Food and AgricultureAerospace Medicine / Health Mechanical Eng. & Robotics NANOTECHNOLOGY National Security & Defense Food and Agriculture Energy & Environment Aerospace Medicine / Health NANOTECHNOLOGY Food and AgricultureAerospace Medicine / Health Energy & Environment NANOTECHNOLOGY Information Technology Food and AgricultureAerospace Medicine / Health BiotechnologyMechanical Eng. & Robotics NANOTECHNOLOGY National Security & Defense Food and Agriculture Energy & Environment Aerospace Medicine / Health NANOTECHNOLOGY Food and AgricultureAerospace Medicine / Health Energy & Environment NANOTECHNOLOGY Information Technology Food and AgricultureAerospace Medicine / Health Transportation BiotechnologyMechanical Eng. & Robotics NANOTECHNOLOGY National Security & Defense Food and Agriculture Energy & Environment Aerospace Medicine / Health NANOTECHNOLOGY Food and AgricultureAerospace Medicine / Health Information Technology Food and AgricultureAerospace Medicine / Health Information Technology Mechanical Eng. & Robotics Information Technology BiotechnologyMechanical Eng. & Robotics Information Technology Transportation BiotechnologyMechanical Eng. & Robotics Information Technology National Security & Defense Transportation BiotechnologyMechanical Engineering / Robotics Information Technology
- 39. Nanotechnology Applications in Medicine • Nanoparticles can deliver drugs directly to diseased cells in your body. • Nanotubes used in broken bones to provide a structure for new bone material to grow.
- 40. Nano shells as Cancer Therapy Nano shells are injected into cancer area and they recognize cancer cells. Then by applying near-infrared light, the heat generated by the light-absorbing Nano shells has successfully killed tumor cells while leaving neighboring cells intact.
- 41. Applications in Nanomedicine • Researchers found that cancer nanomdeicine, which are designed to kill cancer cells. • Using breast cancer as a model, they discovered that common nanoparticles made from gold, titanium dioxide, silver and silicon dioxide – and also used in nanomedicines
- 42. Sunscreens and Cosmetics •Nanosized titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are currently used in some sunscreens, as they absorb and reflect ultraviolet (UV) rays. •Nanosized iron oxide is present in some lipsticks as a pigment.
- 43. Displays •Nanocrystalline zinc selenide, zinc sulphide, cadmium sulphide and lead telluride are candidates for the next generation of light- emitting phosphors. •CNTs are being investigated for low voltage field-emission displays; their strength, sharpness, conductivity and inertness make them potentially very efficient and long-lasting emitters.
- 44. Flexible Displays Are Coming!!! Flexible Display 2010 CHEIL Industries/SAMSUNG Real Flexible Display
- 45. 45 E-papers Are Coming!!! 19” Wide Flexible E-Paper 2540cm/0.3mm/130g 2010 LG Display World largest E-paper on Stainless Steel Substrate Electro-phoretic Type (E-ink) Gate in Panel (GIP) Technology: Gate Driver ICs inside the Panel Flexible!!! Commercially supplied for the company “Skiff” in the USA 2010 LG Display
Editor's Notes
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