The document is a presentation on nanotechnology given by 5 students. It begins with an introduction defining nanotechnology as the study and manipulation of structures between 1 and 100 nanometers. It then discusses the origins of nanotechnology in Richard Feynman's 1959 talk. Key topics covered include nanomaterials like nanoparticles, characterization tools like AFM and STM, properties of nanomaterials, implications for health and the environment, and applications in areas like medicine, electronics, energy, and more. The document provides a high-level overview of nanotechnology concepts, history, and applications.

2. THE NANOTECHNOLOGY

3. PRESENTATION BY:
• Aakriti Sawant 76
• Palak Shah 79
• Neha Sharma 86
• Fatema Ujjainwala 106
• Deepa Yadav 111

4. INTRODUCTIONTO
NANOTECHNOLOGY
WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY??.
Nanotechnology is defined as the study and use of
structures between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers
in size.
NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY ARE THE STUDY AND
APPLICATION OF EXTREMELY SMALL THINGS AND CAN BE
USED ACROSS ALL THE OTHER SCIENCE FILEDS. SUCH AS
CHEMSITRY, BIOLOGY PHYSICS, MATERIAL SCIENCEAND
ENGENEERING.

5. ORIGIN OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
HOW IT STARTED???
The idea and concepts behind
nanoscience and nanotechnology started
with a talk entitled ”THERE’S PLENTY
OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM”, by physicist
Richard Feynman at American Physical
Society meeting at the California
Institute of Technology on December
29,1959, long before the term
nanotechnology was used. Feynman
described a process in which
scientists would be able tho
manipulteand control individual atoms
ands molecules.

6. MATERIALS
• Much of nanoscience and many
nanotechnologies are concerned with
producing new or enhanced materials.
• One way of doing this is self-assembly.
• One example is the increase in surface
area to volume ratio altering mechanical,
thermal and catalytic properties of
materials.
• Diffusion and reactions at nanoscale,
nanostructures materials and nano-
devices with fast ion transport are
generally referred to nanoionics.
• A material such as gold, which is
chemically inert at normal scales, can
serve as a potent chemical catalyst at
nanoscales.

7. TOOLS
AND
TECHNOLOGY
AFM
• There are several important
modern developments.
The (AFM) and the (STM) are
two early versions of scanning
probes that launched
nanotechnology.
• AFM this device is used to
visualizing, imaging, taking
measures and for
manipulating objects that are
in nanometre scale.
• The resolution of such a
device is said to be in the
order of fractions of a
nanometre.

8. TOOLS
AND
TECHNOLOGY STM
• The earlier version of the AFM
was called the STM
developed in the early 1980’s.
• The device consists of a
mechanical probe that is used
to sense the material that is
placed on the surface.
• A highly accurate scanning
procedure then takes place,
through which the
corresponding electronic
signals are generated using
piezoelectric materials.

9. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
NANOMATERIAL OF ZERO DIMENSION-
Ex. Nano particles and Nano cluster.
NANO MATERIAL OF ONE DIMENSION-
Ex. Nano rod, Nano fibre, Carbon nanotube.
NANO MATERIAL OF TWO DIMENSIONS-
Ex. Thin film.

10. PROPERTIES OF NANOPARTICLES
1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES-
When size of material is reduced to
nanoscale , there are drammatic changes
in the properties. Ex. plastic deformation.
2. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES-
Ex. Large crystals of ZnS show cubical structure whereas 1.4 nm
size ZnS particles behave like disordered liquid.
3. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES-
Electric resistivity of nanosized grains
is quite large as compared to micrometer
sized grains.

11. PROPERTIES OF NANOPARTICLES (cntd…)
4. OPTICAL PROPERTIES-
Gold nanoparticles are observed as intense
red colour against its yellow colour
of bulk gold.
5. THERMAL PROPERTIES-
Ex. gold nanoparticles of
3 to 4 nm size, melting
point is reduced by
500`C compared to its
bulk material.

12. IMPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
 ON HEALTH-
Nanofibers are used in several
areas and in different products.
inhaling airborne nanoparticles and
nanofibers may lead to a number
of pulmonary diseases.
 ON ENVIRONMENT-
Nanowaste is mainly the group
of particles generated by
nanodevicesor during the
nanomaterials manufacturing
process that are released into the
environment.

13. Application of
Nanotechnology
Innovative
Application
Nano-bio
technolo
gy
Nano
devices
Optical
engineerin
g
Defences
& security
Medicine &
Drugs
Bio
engineerin
g
Cosmetics
Energy
Nano
Fabric
Nanotechnology

14. Nanotechnology in electronics(cont….)
Nanotehnology is continually playing virtal role to improve the capability of
electronic
Products. The technology also made the devices very light making the product
easy
To easy to carry or move and at the same times it has reduced the power
requirements.
Some consumer Products which are using Nanotechnology.
Computer Hardware
Display Devices
Mobile & Communication Products
Audio Products
Camera & Films
The world market for nanoelectronics is expected to reach $409.6 billions
APPLICATION UNDER DEVELOPMENT
-Building transistors
-using electrodes made from nanowires
-Development molecular –sized transistors
-Using nanosized magnetic rings
-usage of carbon nanotubes


15. Nanotechnology in Medicine
THERAPY TECHNIQUES
-Buckyballs
-Nanoshells
-Nanoparticles
-Aluminosillicates Nanoparticles
- Nanofibers
Anti –Microbial techniques
-Nanoparticle Cream - Nanocapsules

16. Nanotechnology In Mobile
Morph, a nanotechnology concept device
Developed by (NRC) and (UK).
The Morph will be Super hydrophobic making it extremely dirt repelient.
It will be able to change itself from available light sources
using photovolatic nanowire grass covering it’s surface.
Nanoscale electronics also allow stretching. Nokia envisage that a nanoscale mesh
of fibers
Will allow out mobile devices to be bent,Stretched and folded into any number of
concievable shapes.

17. Nanotechnology in computers
The silicon transistor in your computer may be
Replaced by transistor based on carbon nanotubes.
A carbon nanotubes is a molecular in form of a hollow
Cylinder with diameter of around a nanometer which
Consists of pure carbon.
One group of these nanowire is deposited parallel to another group.
When a perpendicular nanowire is laid over a group of parallel wires intersection
a devices called memristorb is formed.
A memoristorb can be used as a single-component memory cell in an integrated
circuit .

18. Top-down and bottom-up approaches
• top-Down approaches refers to slicing or
successive cutting of a bulk material to get nano sized
particles. there are two types *attrition ,* milling
• Bottom-up approaches refers to
methods where devices 'create themselves' by self
assembly. Chemical synthesis is a good example.
Bottom-up should broadly speaking be able to produce
devices in parallel and much cheaper than top-down
methods, but getting control over the methods is
difficult when things become larger and more bulky
than what is normally made by chemical synthesis. Of
course nature has had time to evolve and optimize self-
assembly processes that can do wonders.

19. 4 ways nanotech will change the world
• “If we can master this technology, we have the opportunity to improve not just
electronics but all sorts of areas of modern life, from medicine to construction.” By
Themis Prodromakis.
• 1. Doctors inside your body
• Wearable fitness technology means we can monitor our health by strapping gadgets to
ourselves. There are even prototype electronic tattoos that can sense our vital signs. But by
scaling down this technology, we could go further by implanting or injecting tiny sensors
inside our bodies. This would capture much more detailed information with less hassle to the
patient, enabling doctors to personalise their treatment.
• 2. Gadgets
One of the coolest nanotechnology gadgets that I’ve read into so far would probably have to
be this one particular concept for food: I read about a device that would transform food in any
way that you can thing of. Apparently it has nanites in the food already and then with a little
handheld device you could change how the food behaves. It’s basically creating “interactive
food” instead of the plain, boring food and beverages that we’ve grown accustomed to. You
would be able to change what kinds of nutrients are available in the food that you eat and
change the color, texture, smell, and taste of that food item. Tired of tofu but want to stay
healthy? No problem! Transform your tofu burger into something that has all of the healthy
benefits that you want while still tasting exactly like meat. Since when does healthy have to
mean sacrifice? Savor that tofu! Did you just buy a Coke from Mcdonald’s but now you want
Dr. Pepper instead? Don’t waste your money on buying another one and don’t fret about not
getting what you want! Just wave the device over the Coke and it will transform into Dr.
Pepper’s exact formula.

20. • 3. Self-healing structures
• In future, nanotechnology coatings or additives will even have the potential to allow
materials to “heal” when damaged or worn. For example, dispersing nanoparticles
throughout a material means that they can migrate to fill in any cracks that appear. This
could produce self-healing materials for everything from aircraft cockpits to
microelectronics, preventing small fractures from turning into large, more problematic
cracks
• 4.security
• Nanotechnology will bring a whole new meaning to the word “security”. Do you have
security cameras aimed at your garage but the damn vandals keep spray painting over
them? Well now you can have nanocams that are too small for these hoodlums to even
know they’re there. The nanocam could even be programmed to follow movement and
alert the police if something (specifically, someone) gets too close. Nanotechnology will
also allow us to make body armor that is a hundred times stronger than steel but light as
a feather. That means that soldiers and police officers will be much safer while
performing the dangerous duties that they take on in order to protect YOU. It’s amazing
what simple, little computers can do.

21. Time for some future
execution !
• Cyborg Beetle :
• The flying beetles receive wireless signals from a
mobile transmitter that controls the insect.
Varying impulses trigger an appropriate response
from the beetle so that it flies according to it's
handler.The insect can be made to take-off, land,
hover, or follow a given flight path.
• Needle-less Injection :
• This future invention is a device for
delivering medication and vaccinations
through the skin.As an alternative to
injecting a needle, micro-poration is a
painless method of transferring medication
(intraepidermal) into the body using laser
technology.
•E-Paper
Among the future inventions in e-readers
is this paper thin, flexible film that
reads like a magazine or newspaper.
LG Display, a manufacturer of thin-film
transistor liquid crystal display panels
has developed an 11.5 inch flexible e-
paper display.
•Tissue Regeneration
One of the future inventions in
health care may be the
development of a spray gun for
regenerating skin tissue.The
Armed Forces Institute of
Regenerative Medicine (AFIRM),
recently established by the
U.S. Department of Defense,
is funding research into the
regrowth of bones, muscles,
tendons, nerves and blood
vessels.