Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.Sathya Sujani
This simple presentation will help you to understand the every aspects of nanotechnology including basic definition and it's practical application in a very simple yet precise manner.
Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.Sathya Sujani
This simple presentation will help you to understand the every aspects of nanotechnology including basic definition and it's practical application in a very simple yet precise manner.
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter which occur below the given size threshold. It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size.
this is the ppt on nano technology.
made by harshid panchal and dhrumil patel.
this take lots of time..thanx for dhrumil for time.
i think this is helpful to all.
education
Nanotechnology and Its Applications which are related to the field of engineering and mainly bio-nanotechnology, electronics and green nanotechnology in India.
Nanotechnology is combination of words nano and technology which means very small size of technology. As we all see, day-by-day the size of the objects shrink, so that they can be easily transportable, easily handle. so nanotechnology helps a lot in this digital world.
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology. A more generalized description of nanotechnology was subsequently established by the National Nanotechnology Initiative, which defines nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. This definition reflects the fact that quantum mechanical effects are important at this quantum-realm scale, and so the definition shifted from a particular technological goal to a research category inclusive of all types of research and technologies that deal with the special properties of matter which occur below the given size threshold. It is therefore common to see the plural form "nanotechnologies" as well as "nanoscale technologies" to refer to the broad range of research and applications whose common trait is size.
this is the ppt on nano technology.
made by harshid panchal and dhrumil patel.
this take lots of time..thanx for dhrumil for time.
i think this is helpful to all.
education
Nanotechnology and Its Applications which are related to the field of engineering and mainly bio-nanotechnology, electronics and green nanotechnology in India.
Nanotechnology is combination of words nano and technology which means very small size of technology. As we all see, day-by-day the size of the objects shrink, so that they can be easily transportable, easily handle. so nanotechnology helps a lot in this digital world.
it gives the overview of nanotechnology and how it emerges as a general purpose technology.it also makes you aware about promises of nanotechnology and about its history too.
Arduino (/ɑːrˈdwiːnoʊ/) is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices. Its hardware products are licensed under a CC-BY-SA license, while software is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License (GPL),[1] permitting the manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially from the official website or through authorized distributors.
An embedded system is an electronic system that has a software and is embedded in computer hardware. It is programmable or non- programmable depending on the application. An Embedded system is defined as a way of working, organizing, performing single or multiple tasks according to a set of rules.In an embedded system, all the units assemble and work together according to the program. Examples of embedded systems include numerous products such as microwave ovens, washing machine, printers, automobiles, cameras, etc. These systems use microprocessors, microcontrollers as well as processors like DSPs. This article gives an overview of what is an embedded system and types of embedded system.
The important characteristics of an embedded systems are speed, size, power, reliability, accuracy, adaptability. Therefore, when the embedded system performs the operations at high speed, then it can be used for real -time applications. The Size of the system and power consumption should be very low, then the system can be easily adaptable for different situations.
The Arduino family of boards use processors developed by the Atmel Corporation of San Jose, California. Most of the Arduino designs utilize the 8-bit AVR series of microcontrollers, with the Due being the primary exception with its ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit processor.
Functions allow structuring the programs in segments of code to perform individual tasks. The typical case for creating a function is when one needs to perform the same action multiple times in a program.
Standardizing code fragments into functions has several advantages −
Functions help the programmer stay organized. Often this helps to conceptualize the program.
Functions codify one action in one place so that the function only has to be thought about and debugged once.
This also reduces chances for errors in modification, if the code needs to be changed.
Functions make the whole sketch smaller and more compact because sections of code are reused many times.
They make it easier to reuse code in other programs by making it modular, and using functions often makes the code more readable.
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in functions from C and C++. It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of third-party cores, other vendor development boards.
Challenges faced during embedded system design:
The challenges in design of embedded systems have always been in the same limiting requirements for decades: Small form factor; Low energy; Long-term stable performance without maintenance.
A DC machine is an electromechanical energy alteration device. The working principle of a DC machine is when electric current flows through a coil within a magnetic field, and then the magnetic force generates a torque that rotates the dc motor.
An embedded system combines mechanical, electrical, and chemical components along with a computer, hidden inside, to perform a single dedicated purpose. ... Therefore the world needs a trained workforce to develop and manage products based on embedded microcontrollers.
he PIC16F877A features 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, self programming, an ICD, 2 Comparators, 8 channels of 10-bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, 2 capture/compare/PWM functions, the synchronous serial port can be configured as either 3-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI™) or the 2-wire Inter-Integrated ...
Introduction of memory Segmentation
Segmentation is the process in which the main memory of the computer is logically divided into different segments and each segment has its own base address.
Memory segmentation is the methods where whole memory is divided into the smaller parts called segments of various sizes.
A segment is just an area in memory.
The process of dividing memory this way is called segmentation.
In information technology (IT), a neural network is a system of hardware and/or software patterned after the operation of neurons in the human brain. Neural networks -- also called artificial neural networks -- are a variety of deep learning technology, which also falls under the umbrella of artificial intelligence, or AI.
INTRODUCTION
We know that a microprocessor is the CPU of a computer. A microprocessor can perform some operation on a data and give the output. But to perform the operation we need an input to enter the data and an output to display the results of the operation. So we are using a keyboard and monitor as Input and output along with the processor. Microprocessors engineering involves a lot of other concepts and we also interface memory elements like ROM, EPROM to access the memory.
Types of Interfacing
There are two types of interfacing in context of the 8085 processor.
Memory Interfacing.
I/O Interfacing.
Memory Interfacing:
While executing an instruction, there is a necessity for the microprocessor to access memory frequently for reading various instruction codes and data stored in the memory. The interfacing circuit aids in accessing the memory.
Memory requires some signals to read from and write to registers. Similarly the microprocessor transmits some signals for reading or writing a data.
But what is the purpose of interfacing circuit here?
The interfacing process involves matching the memory requirements with the microprocessor signals. The interfacing circuit therefore should be designed in such a way that it matches the memory signal requirements with the signals of the microprocessor. For example for carrying out a READ process, the microprocessor should initiate a read signal which the memory requires to read a data. In simple words, the primary function of a memory interfacing circuit is to aid the microprocessor in reading and writing a data to the given register of a memory chip.
The interfacing process involves matching the memory requirements with the microprocessor signals. The interfacing circuit therefore should be designed in such a way that it matches the memory signal requirements with the signals of the microprocessor. For example for carrying out a READ process, the microprocessor should initiate a read signal which the memory requires to read a data. In simple words, the primary function of a memory interfacing circuit is to aid the microprocessor in reading and writing a data to the given register of a memory chip.
I/O Interfacing:
We know that keyboard and Displays are used as communication channel with outside world. So it is necessary that we interface keyboard and displays with the microprocessor. This is called I/O interfacing. In this type of interfacing we use latches and buffers for interfacing the keyboards and displays with the microprocessor.
But the main disadvantage with this interfacing is that the microprocessor can perform only one function. It functions as an input device if it is connected to buffer and as an output device if it is connected to latch. Thus the capability is very limited in this type of interfacing.
Introduction to VLSI Design:
VLSI is an acronym and when expanded, this actually means Very Large Scale Integration or Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits.
Moore’s Law:
In 1965, Godon Moore, an industry pioneer predicted that the number of transistors on a chip doubles every 18 to 24 months.
He also predicted that semiconductor technology will double its effectivess every 18months and many other factors grow exponentionally
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
3. History
• The first ever concept was presented in 1959
by the famous professor of physics Dr. Richard
P. Feynman.
• The term “Nano-technology” had been coined
by Norio Taniguchi in 1974.
4. DEFINITION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
What is Nano?
Nano – A prefix
from Greek word nano – meaning dwarf
Extremely small
In the names of units of measure – one billionth
Nano meter scale – one billionth of a meter (10-9
m)
5. Contd….
What is technology?
Technology – the brach of knowledge that deals
with creation in the fields of:
Engineering
Industrial arts
Applied Science
Pure Science
6. Contd….
What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating
matter on an atomic scale.
Nanotechnology refers to the constructing and
engineering of the functional systems at micro
level or we can say at atomic level
7. Contd….
What is Nanoelectronics?
Nanoelectrnics is one of the major technologies
of Nanotechnology. It plays vital role in the fiield
of engineering and electronics.
Nanoelectronics make use of scientific methods
at atomic scale for developing the Nano
machines.
The main target is to reduce the size, risk factor
and surface areas of the materials and molecules.
Machines under nano electronic process
undergoes the long range of manufacturing steps
each with accurate molecular treatment.
8.
9. Macro, Micro, or Nano?
A honey bee is
approximately 12nm
long
A human hair is 60 to
100 micrometers in
diameter
The DNA helix is 0.002
micrometers wide or
2nm wide.
10. Macro VS. Micro – Size Devices
Compared to macroscopic devices micro- size devices are
Much smaller,
Much higher,
More energy efficient, and
Constructed with fewer materials.
In equivalent applications, micro exceed Marco devices in
Reliability,
Efficiency,
Selectivity,
Response time, and
Energy consumption
11. Micro VS. Nanotechnology
In addition to the actual size of the objects,
fabrication another primary difference
between micro and nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology uses what is refered to as the
“bottom up” approach to fabrication.
Microtechnology uses the “ top down”
approach.
12. Applications of Nanotechnology
Innovative Application
Energy
Medicine and
drugs
Nano
Technology
Nano Devices
Optical
Engineering
Defense and
Security
Bio -
Engineering
Commerce
Nano Fabrics
21. Disadvantages
loss of jobs (in manufacturing, farming, etc)
Carbon Nanotubes could cause infection of
lungs.
Oil & diamonds could become worthless
Atomic weapons could be more accessible and
destructive.