mRNA vaccine is a novel vaccine technology, which delivers mRNA that encoding the antigen protein of pathogen to the cell, and expresses the antigen protein, and then stimulates the immune response of the body.
Creative Biolabs has developed non-replicating mRNA vaccine platform, mRNA vaccine platform, mRNA pharmacology optimization platform, and and Self-amplifying mRNA vaccine platform to spport your vaccine researches. If you need more information about mRNA vaccine, please follow us.
This slide tries to explain and introduce you to the mRNA Vaccine Technology, describes mRNA Vaccines, Mechanism , Delivery, some research and case study of pandemic and advantages disadvantages & application see for yourself in detail.
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINES AND RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN VACCINED.R. Chandravanshi
What is a Vaccine?
A vaccine is a substance that is introduced into the body to prevent infection or to control disease due to a certain pathogen (a disease-causing organism, such as a virus, bacteria or parasite). The vaccine “teaches” the body how to defend itself against the pathogen by creating an immune response.
1 Unlike traditional pharmaceuticals, vaccines are biologics since they are made from living organisms (biological sources).
2 Specifically, vaccines are preparations of components derived from (or related to) a pathogen; they can typically induce a protective effect through one to three very small doses, in the range of micrograms to milligrams.
3 Immunity lasts for an extended period, from one year up to lifetime protection, including prevention of disease and/or related sequelae.
Synthetic peptide vaccines represent fragments of protein antigen sequences, synthesizing specific B cell and T cell epitopes offer the potential to induce diseases neutralizing immuno response with completely synthetic structure. Now it is well established that short chain peptides can be used to mimic antigenic sites of viruses and thus can be used the basics for vaccines and development. therefore, attempts have been made to synthesize such peptides which act as the serrogate immuunogens, as an alternative to the existing conventional vaccines.
Peptide vaccine containing only epitopes capable of inducing positive, desirable T cell and B cell mediated immune response.
Peptides‖ used in these vaccines are 20–30 amino acid sequences that are synthesized to form an immunogenic peptide molecule representing the specific epitope of an antigen.
sufficient for activation of the appropriate cellular and humoral responses
Eliminating allergenic and/or reactogenic responses.
Recombinant viral vectors are genetic engineering tools commonly used for gene transfer purpose with high transfection efficiency and site specific gene insertion.
This slide tries to explain and introduce you to the mRNA Vaccine Technology, describes mRNA Vaccines, Mechanism , Delivery, some research and case study of pandemic and advantages disadvantages & application see for yourself in detail.
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINES AND RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN VACCINED.R. Chandravanshi
What is a Vaccine?
A vaccine is a substance that is introduced into the body to prevent infection or to control disease due to a certain pathogen (a disease-causing organism, such as a virus, bacteria or parasite). The vaccine “teaches” the body how to defend itself against the pathogen by creating an immune response.
1 Unlike traditional pharmaceuticals, vaccines are biologics since they are made from living organisms (biological sources).
2 Specifically, vaccines are preparations of components derived from (or related to) a pathogen; they can typically induce a protective effect through one to three very small doses, in the range of micrograms to milligrams.
3 Immunity lasts for an extended period, from one year up to lifetime protection, including prevention of disease and/or related sequelae.
Synthetic peptide vaccines represent fragments of protein antigen sequences, synthesizing specific B cell and T cell epitopes offer the potential to induce diseases neutralizing immuno response with completely synthetic structure. Now it is well established that short chain peptides can be used to mimic antigenic sites of viruses and thus can be used the basics for vaccines and development. therefore, attempts have been made to synthesize such peptides which act as the serrogate immuunogens, as an alternative to the existing conventional vaccines.
Peptide vaccine containing only epitopes capable of inducing positive, desirable T cell and B cell mediated immune response.
Peptides‖ used in these vaccines are 20–30 amino acid sequences that are synthesized to form an immunogenic peptide molecule representing the specific epitope of an antigen.
sufficient for activation of the appropriate cellular and humoral responses
Eliminating allergenic and/or reactogenic responses.
Recombinant viral vectors are genetic engineering tools commonly used for gene transfer purpose with high transfection efficiency and site specific gene insertion.
CLONAL SELECTION THEORY IS AN SCIENTIFIC THEORY IN IMMUNOLOGY THAT EXPALINS THE FUNCTION OF CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC ANTIGEN INVADING THE BODY.
mRNA rather than DNA may become the nucleotide framework for new classes of drugs and vaccines. Exciting preclinical results in prophylaxis and initial clinical data in oncology suggest that mRNA technology could be translated into improvements in lung cancer and other diseases.
vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
HISTORY OF VACCINES-
EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
A vaccine for RABIES is developed by LOUIS PASTEUR .
Vaccine for COLERA and TYPHOID were developed in 1896 and PLAGE vaccine in 1887.
The first DIPHTHERIA vaccine is developed in about 1913 by EMIL ADOLPH BEHRING,WILLIAM HALLOCK PARK.
The whole cell PERTUSIS vaccines are developed in 1914.
A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
Deciphering DNA sequences is essential for virtually all branches of biological research. With the
advent of capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based Sanger sequencing, scientists gained the ability to
elucidate genetic information from any given biological system. This technology has become widely
adopted in laboratories around the world, yet has always been hampered by inherent limitations in
throughput, scalability, speed, and resolution that often preclude scientists from obtaining the essential
information they need for their course of study. To overcome these barriers, an entirely new technology
was required—Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), a fundamentally different approach to sequencing
that triggered numerous ground-breaking discoveries and ignited a revolution in genomic science.
IntegrateRNA provides custom mRNA synthesis and modification service by in vitro transcription and chemical synthesis. https://integraterna.creative-biogene.com/service/mrna-services.html
CLONAL SELECTION THEORY IS AN SCIENTIFIC THEORY IN IMMUNOLOGY THAT EXPALINS THE FUNCTION OF CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC ANTIGEN INVADING THE BODY.
mRNA rather than DNA may become the nucleotide framework for new classes of drugs and vaccines. Exciting preclinical results in prophylaxis and initial clinical data in oncology suggest that mRNA technology could be translated into improvements in lung cancer and other diseases.
vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
HISTORY OF VACCINES-
EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
A vaccine for RABIES is developed by LOUIS PASTEUR .
Vaccine for COLERA and TYPHOID were developed in 1896 and PLAGE vaccine in 1887.
The first DIPHTHERIA vaccine is developed in about 1913 by EMIL ADOLPH BEHRING,WILLIAM HALLOCK PARK.
The whole cell PERTUSIS vaccines are developed in 1914.
A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
Deciphering DNA sequences is essential for virtually all branches of biological research. With the
advent of capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based Sanger sequencing, scientists gained the ability to
elucidate genetic information from any given biological system. This technology has become widely
adopted in laboratories around the world, yet has always been hampered by inherent limitations in
throughput, scalability, speed, and resolution that often preclude scientists from obtaining the essential
information they need for their course of study. To overcome these barriers, an entirely new technology
was required—Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), a fundamentally different approach to sequencing
that triggered numerous ground-breaking discoveries and ignited a revolution in genomic science.
IntegrateRNA provides custom mRNA synthesis and modification service by in vitro transcription and chemical synthesis. https://integraterna.creative-biogene.com/service/mrna-services.html
Unlocking the Potential of mRNA Vaccines and TherapeuticsMerck Life Sciences
Watch the presentation of this webinar here: https://bit.ly/3lNmkf7
The therapeutic potential of mRNA has been studied for decades and this exciting modality could potentially disrupt the biological market, in particular vaccine and novel therapies. This webinar will highlight the potential of mRNA therapies and focus on the manufacturing process's associated challenges, solutions and perspectives from synthesis to delivery.
mRNA has emerged as a promising modality for a wide range of therapeutics and vaccines and could become the break-through technology of this century. mRNA-based platform technologies could enable a more rapid response to infectious diseases, outbreaks or pandemics and allow efficient gene replacements or cancer treatments. mRNA represents a safer alternative to DNA-based therapies and the technology has recently advanced to overcome stability and efficacy challenges. Because of that, the industrialization of this technology is just in its infancy stages and bottlenecks exist around scalability, purity, and delivery which are key to establish and deliver the promise of such platform. This webinar will shed light on the potential of mRNA therapies and focus on the manufacturing process's associated challenges, solutions and perspectives from synthesis to delivery.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• The potential behind using mRNA as a therapeutic and vaccine
• The mRNA production process
• The challenges around mRNA production
• The solutions and perspectives for a robust manufacturing process
• mRNA delivery systems and their manufacturing
mRNA vaccines against emerging infectious diseases; A challenging approach of...AI Publications
Basic human biology is dealt with by mRNA, which creates instructions for making proteins that may aid in the fight against infectious illnesses using our bodies' own mechanisms. mRNA therapies are neither tiny compounds nor huge biological such as recombinant proteins or monoclonal antibodies. These are a series of instructions that assist our cells' machinery in producing proteins that protect us against a certain virus. Our bodies would be unable to perform their activities if mRNA was not introduced. mRNA, or messenger ribonucleic acid, is an important component of the living world, especially in the process of protein synthesis. mRNA is a single-stranded molecule that transmits genetic instructions from a cell's nucleus DNA to the ribosomes, which are the cell's protein-making machinery. The synthesis of an RNA copy from the coded sequence of DNA leads in the production of a particular protein. This copy of mRNA moves from the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes reside. Ribosomes are a sort of sophisticated machinery organelle that aids and begins protein synthesis in cells. Ribosomes ‘read' the mRNA sequence and follow the instructions, progressively adding on various needed amino acids to make the intended protein during the translation process. The protein is subsequently expressed by the cell, and it goes on to execute its role in the cell or in the body. The use of mRNA as a medication offers up a whole new universe of possibilities in terms of illness treatment and prevention. This review contributes to the growing body of knowledge in the field of mRNA therapeutic delivery and the identification of appropriate antigens for mRNA target locations. Two major mRNA vaccines for protection against SARS-CoV-2 have recently been developed and approved for use in the general population by international health authorities. They've been demonstrated to defend against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is still active and evolving. This will draw attention to a variety of mRNA vaccines now being evaluated for infectious diseases in clinical studies. mRNA vaccines offer a number of advantages, including speedy design, fabrication, manufacturing, and administration, and they hold a lot of potential for future use against a wide range of diseases.
This slide is about the basics of mRNA-based therapy. The content includes: definition of mRNA, timeline of mRNA therapeutics, action mechanism and development strategies of mRNA drugs, therapeutic mRNA applications, and the related services provided by Creative Biolabs.
This slide provides a comprehensive overview of lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA Vaccine development, detailing the technological timeline, the 2023 Nobel Prize-winning science behind the vaccines, and the specifics of COVID-19 vaccine candidates BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. It also explores the advantages of liposomes in mRNA delivery, the intricate mechanisms of LNP-based vaccines, their therapeutic potential beyond COVID-19, and the rigorous development process. Creative Biolabs supports these innovations with specialized services and products, pushing the boundaries of medical science.
The core principle behind mRNA as a technology for vaccination is to deliver the transcript of interest, encoding one or more immunogen(s) into the host cell cytoplasm where expression generates translated protein(s) are ultimately located in the membrane, to be secreted, or intracellular. Two categories of mRNA constructs are being evaluated: non-replicating mRNA (NRM) and self-amplifying mRNA (SAM).
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/lipid-based-delivery/
coronavirus caused millions of deaths around the world recently .
not only knowing the structure of this virus matters but also the vaccines preventing its deadly effects is of importance .
in this power point which I prepared for my university advisor almost 1.5 year ago I mentioned all types of vaccines which then were approved or were on clinical trials.
Viral Based Gene Delivery System for Car-t Cell Engineering Creative-Biolabs
A brief introduction about lentiviral vector gene delivery system and its application in CAR-T cell construction. Creative Biolabs offers high quality lentivirus based CAR gene delivery service to help with your CAR-T cell development projects.
Prospects And Future Trend of mRNA Therapeutics.pdfDoriaFang
The great success of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have revived interest in using mRNA to express therapeutic proteins. In addition to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, a series of clinical trials have begun using mRNA to express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to treat heart failure, and CRISPR-Cas9 mRNA to treat rare genetic diseases.
Plasmid Manufacturing Service from GenScript ProBioGenScript ProBio
GenScript ProBio offers the best Plasmid Manufacturing Service and employs a GMP-compliant plasmid production process that allows customers to replicate DNA used in experiments with minimal additional effort. By employing this process, Genscript can provide plasmids produced at the highest quality standards. For more information, visit our website. https://www.genscriptprobio.com/gct-proplasmid.html
Design of Organ-On-A-Chip - Creative Biolabs.pptxCreative-Biolabs
Creative Biolabs has developed an extensive microfluidic technology platform, offering customers one-stop services covering all aspects of microfluidic research and evaluation. This includes the design and manufacturing of organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems, as well as personalized, customized solutions tailored to individual needs.
This slide briefly introduces our OOC design concepts. If you require further details, products, and services related to OOC, please follow us to stay updated and informed.
Introduction of Organ-On-A-Chip - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Creative Biolabs has established a complete microfluidic technology platform. We provide customers with one-stop services in all aspects of microfluidic research and evaluation, including Organ-on-a-Chip design and manufacturing and personalized, customized solutions.
This slide provides a brief introduction to OOC. If you need more information, products, and services about OOC, please follow us to stay informed.
Advances in Oncolytic Virotherapy - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Oncolytic virotherapy, an innovative approach leverages the natural ability of viruses to infect and kill tumor cells, offering a beacon of hope for patients battling cancer. Our journey through this domain uncovers the mechanisms of action of oncolytic viruses, explores representative examples, discusses strategic modifications and combinations with other therapies, addresses challenges, and reviews the clinical status of this cutting-edge treatment.
After decades of development and innovation, Creative Biolabs is committed to demonstrating our strong expertise and capabilities in the field of ribosome research, as well as expanding our research and service capabilities to multiple fields. This five-part slide we will briefly introduce ribosome analysis technology, polysome profiling, ribosome profiling, ribosome affinity purification, and highlight the ribosome analysis solutions provided by Creative Biolabs.
Advances in CAR-T Cell Therapy - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Various barriers restrict the efficacy and/or prevent the widespread use of CAR-T cell therapies in these patients as well as in those with other diseases, particularly solid tumors. The evolution of CAR designs beyond conventional structures will be necessary to address these limitations and expand the use of CAR-T cells to a wider range of diseases. In this presentation, we discuss the progress in the development of innovative designs for new CAR-T cell products to increase and expand the clinical benefits of these treatments for patients with various cancers, and we explore the potential of CAR-T cell therapies in addressing diseases beyond cancer.
Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Cancer vaccines are designed to stimulate anti-tumor immunity through active immunization with tumor antigens and has long been envisioned as a key tool of effective cancer immunotherapy. Today we will go through the history, formulations, mechanisms of action, and clinical status of cancer vaccines. Creative Biolabs has been effectively supporting the cancer vaccine industry with our one-stop solutions for cancer vaccine discovery and development. We will accommodate the specific properties and clinical purpose of your vaccine candidate, and take careful scientific considerations to ensure the most appropriate solutions to develop your projects.
PROTAC Technology in Tumor Targeted Therapy - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Today, we will explore the protac technology applied in tumor-targeted therapy. The following will be presented to you, such as a brief introduction to Protac, the mechanism of action, the advantages and disadvantages of protac as a drug, and the core content: the application of protac technology in tumor therapy. And the last part, the protac solutions provided by Creative Biolabs. If you have any questions about the PROCT development, please email us.
Email: info@creative-biolabs.com
Macrophages as Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Due to the limitations and shortages of traditional cancer treatments, immunotherapy has become the most promising cancer treatment. Various cancer immunotherapy strategies have emerged. These include adoptive cellular immunotherapy, tumor vaccines, antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and small molecule inhibitors. Although most of these strategies are not meant to target macrophages directly or originally, macrophages contribute significantly to the final outcomes.
As a CRO company, Creative Biolabs offers first-in-class macrophage therapeutic development services. Please don’t hesitate to contact us if you are interested in our services or if you have any questions.
Monkeypox Drug and Vaccine Discovery - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Recently, we are experiencing rapid globalization of the monkeypox virus in a short time. Monkeypox has infected more than 77,000 people in more than 100 countries worldwide. Mutations have enabled the virus to grow stronger and smarter, evading antiviral drugs and vaccines. To better identify and control the current monkeypox outbreak, efforts to develop drugs and vaccines are critical. This slide presents some important information about monkeypox drug and vaccine discovery.
Recently, we are experiencing rapid globalization of the monkeypox virus in a short time. Monkeypox has infected more than 77,000 people in more than 100 countries worldwide. Mutations have enabled the virus to grow stronger and smarter, evading antiviral drugs and vaccines. To better identify and control the current monkeypox outbreak, efforts to develop drugs and vaccines are critical. This slide presents some important information about monkeypox drug and vaccine discovery.
Over the past decades, Creative Biolabs has become a leader in antibody drug discovery and manufacturing, providing high quality services to clients in academia and industry around the world. Now, we are able to provide solutions to accelerate drug discovery and development by deploying artificial intelligence technologies. Here, we will briefly introduce the basics of AI-augmented drug discovery, algorithm classification, common AI models, and related services.
Creative Biolabs has extensive experience in coronavirus research and can provide a comprehensive range of high-quality services and products related to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
This slide provides a brief introduction to the SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron. If you need more information, products, and services about Omicron, please follow us to stay up-to-date.
Hello, everyone. This is Creative Biolabs. Today we will learn about myeloid leukemia vaccines. Our contents here include the Introduction to Myeloid Leukemia, Current Treatment of Myeloid Leukemia, Obstacles to Cancer Vaccine, Targets of Myeloid Leukemia Vaccine, Myeloid Leukemia vaccine types, Examples of Myeloid Leukemia Vaccines, and related services you can find at Creative Biolabs.
Immune Cell Migration in Cancer and Immunotherapy - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
There is a growing appreciation that “immune contexture” has a significant impact on the clinical outcome for cancer patients. Thus, immunotherapies targeting immune cell migration can be developed to modulate the immune contexture in tumor microenvironment. In this slide you will learn about immune cell migration and its application in cancer immunotherapy development.
As a CRO company, Creative Biolabs offers immunotherapy preclinical development services, and a full range of T cell services. Please don’t hesitate to contact us if you have any questions.
Liposomal Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
The lipid-based drug delivery system is a newly developed drug carrier that can be applied for various cancer-targeted treatments with many superiorities. This video briefly introduces various types of liposomes, the principles of liposomal drug delivery systems for cancer therapy, and liposome development services and products provided by Creative Biolabs.
A brief introduction to non-IgG antibody - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Creative Biolabs has been a leading bio-company in immunotherapy and pharmaceuticals, especially in non-IgG antibody development, through more than a decade of exploration and expansion. Here, we will give a brief introduction to non-IgG antibodies, understand the characteristics and functions of various antibodies, and show some related products and services of Creative Biolabs.
Conventional monoclonal antibodies cannot reach adequate therapeutic effects in some cases. Enhancing the effector functions is one of the major strategies for the development of engineered monoclonal antibodies to make up for the deficiencies. Here, we will discuss the development of effector function-enhanced antibodies, and the solutions provided by Creative Biolabs.
Stem Cells in A New Era of Cell based Therapies - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
A stem cell can replicate itself or differentiate into cells that carry out the specific functions of the body. The application of stem cells in regenerative medicine and disease therapeutics is one of the most exciting advances in medical science today. In cell-based therapies, stem cells may play two roles. The first role is as drug-delivery vehicles. The second role is as therapeutic agents themselves. Stem cells also offer opportunities for scientific advances that go far beyond cell-based therapies. Creative Biolabs is dedicated to facilitate the research of stem cells in both basic science and therapeutics development. Please contact us if you are interested in our services or products.
Anti Virus Biomolecular Discovery - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Creative Biolabs is the leading custom service provider in antibody development and engineering. Our scientists bring state-of-the-art technology to support functional antibody and peptide discovery services against viruses. Here, we will introduce the virus and its pathogenic mechanism in detail. At the same time, you will learn how to obtain functional anti-virus antibodies and peptides through our technology platform.
Introduction of Microfluidics - Creative BiolabsCreative-Biolabs
Microfluidics is a technology that precisely controls and manipulates micro-scale fluids, especially sub-micron structures. It is also called Lab-on-a-Chip or microfluidic chip technology.
Creative Biolabs has established a comprehensive microfluidics technology platform. We offer our customers with one-stop-shop of all aspects of microfluidics research and evaluation, including microfluidic chip design and manufacture, microfluidic chip products, as well as personalized customized solutions.
This video briefly introduces information about microfluidics. If you need more information about microfluidics, please follow us.
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a powerful platform that has enabled the sequencing of thousands to millions of DNA molecules simultaneously.
Creative Biolabs has developed the SuPrecision™ platform that integrates advanced technology to provide the most in-depth cancer NGS services, which is committed to assisting in accelerating precision medical research and cancer diagnosis.
This video briefly introduces NGS related information. If you need more information about NGS, please follow us.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
1. A brief introduction of a novel vaccine technology
mRNA Vaccine
Address: 45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA
Email: info@creative-biolabs.com
Web: www.creative-biolabs.com
2. Contents
mRNA and mRNA vaccine1
Characteristics of mRNA vaccine2
Mechanism of action of mRNA-based vaccines3
Types of mRNA vaccine4
Delivery strategies of mRNA vaccine5
Administration routes for mRNA vaccines6
Creative Biolabs’ mRNA vaccine platforms7
3. What is mRNA and mRNA vaccine?
Messenger RNA（mRNA）
• Responsible for transferring genetic
information from DNA to protein
mRNA Vaccine
• A novel vaccine technology which
delivers the mRNA that encoding the
antigen protein of pathogen to the cell,
expresses the antigen protein, and then
stimulates the immune response of the
body.
• A template for protein translation
4. Characteristics of mRNA Vaccine
Types Immuno-
genicity
Safety Antibody
specificity
Composition manufactur
e
R&D
cycle
immune
response
Application
Attenuated/
inactivated
vaccine
Strong Low low Not clear simple 8 years+ Cellular
immunity;
Humoral
immunity
Prophylactic
vaccine
Subunit
vaccine
weak High high clear Complicate
d
8 years+ Cellular
immunity
or Humoral
immunity
Therapeutic
vaccine;
Prophylactic
vaccine
DNA
vaccine
weak Controversial low clear simple 3~5
years
Cellular
immunity;
Humoral
immunity
Therapeutic
vaccine;
Prophylactic
vaccinemRNA
vaccine
Strong High high clear simple 3~5
years
Comparison among characteristics of different vaccine types
5. Mechanism of Action of mRNA-Based Vaccine
mRNA encapsulated in the delivery vehicle is
taken up by APC cell.
(Opportunities and Challenges in the Delivery of mRNA-based vaccine)
Delivery vehicle is digested, and mRNA released.
mRNA is translated by the host’s ribosome and
antigen is formed.
After the antigen is formed, it can be processed
through different pathways.
1
2
3
4
6. Types of mRNA vaccine
Non-replicating mRNA
Self-amplifying mRNA
Regulatory elements in 5'U T R and 3'U T R stabilize
mRNA and increase antigen protein translation.
5’-G
Cap enables mRNA to
translate in the right
direction.
Poly A can increase the mRNA
stability and the expression of antigen
protein, playing an important role in
the translation and stability of mRNA.
P P P UTR SP ORF UTR AAAAAA(140-150)-3’
CAP 5‘Untranslated Region 3‘Untranslated Region Poly A Tail
Open Reading Frame
Open reading frame is a nucleic acid
sequence that encodes antigens.
7. Non-replicating mRNA
Self-amplifying mRNA
Non-structural genes for
self-amplification.
Virus-derived self-amplifying mRNA is
to insert the nucleic acid sequence
encoding antigen directly into single-
stranded RNA virus, such as Semliki
forest virus, yellow fever virus, etc.
5’-G P P P UTR nsP4
ORF UTR AAAAAA(140-150)-3’
nsP3 nsP2 nsP1
SP
CAP 5‘Untranslated Region
Insert Fragment
CAP 3‘ Untranslated Region Poly A Tail
Types of mRNA vaccine
9. 1
2
3
4
Liposome delivery mRNA has unique advantages
Liposomes are spherical vesicles, which can encapsulate mRNA
to resist the action of nuclease;
Liposomes are similar to cell membrane and are easy to fuse
with recipient cells, and the transfection efficiency is high;
Liposomes can deliver different sizes of mRNA;
Liposomes as delivery carriers are not restricted by the host.
Up until now, lipid vectors have become the most effective
non-viral vectors for delivering mRNA.
Delivery Strategies of mRNA Vaccine
10. mRNA vaccines can be delivered without any additional carriers, that is, in a naked
format. In this method, mRNA is dissolved in buffer and then injected directly.
Advantages:
1. Easy to store and prepare. In the presence of storage reagents
such as 10% trehalose, freeze-dried naked RNA can remain stable
for up to 10 months at 4℃.
2. Vaccines made from unmodified nucleotides have dual
advantages in innate immunogenicity. Immunogenicity may be
beneficial to vaccination by providing some adjuvant activity. On
the other hand, the activation of some RNA sensors may inhibit
mRNA translation in the cytoplasm.
Naked mRNA Vaccines
Delivery Strategies of mRNA Vaccine
11. Delivery Strategies of mRNA Vaccine
Autologous DC from primary human PBMCs is the main
source for the preparation of mRNA-treated DC for in vivo
applications. The main strategies for the transmission of
mRNA to DC are electroporation and lipid-derived carriers.
Advantages:
1. Effective APC is essential for innate / adaptive immunity.
2. Biocompatibility
DC-Based mRNA Vaccines
12. Administration Routes for mRNA Vaccines
(Formulation and Delivery Technologies for mRNA Vaccines)
Deliver mRNA vaccine directly
into the dermis and make it
extracted by APC cells.
Have a larger injection
volume and reduce local
adverse reactions.
Main injection routes include intradermal (ID) injection, subcutaneous (SC) injection, intramuscular (IM)
injection, nodule (IN) injection and intravenous (IV) injection.
Send mRNA vaccine directly
into APC and lymphoid
organs.
Recruit different types of
immune cells and recycle
them to the injection site.
APC in the lymphoid organs can
easily phagocytize the injected
mRNA vaccine, which improves
the efficacy of the vaccine.
Intradermal Injection Subcutaneous Injection Intravenous Injection Intramuscular Injection Intranodal Injection
The disadvantage is that it has
local side effects, and the
injection volume is limited.
The absorption rate of SC
region is very slow, which
may lead to accidental
degradation of mRNA
vaccine.
mRNA can be easily
degraded through this
routes.
The local reaction of
intramuscular injection is
mild, but the injection
volume is limited.
The vaccination
procedure is complicated.
13. Creative Biolabs’ mRNA Vaccine Platform
mRNA Vaccine Platform
Dendritic Cell mRNA
Vaccines
Personalized Neoepitope
mRNA Cancer Vaccines
mRNA GMP Synthesis
Non-replicating mRNA Vaccine Platform
Non-replicating mRNA
vaccines
mRNA Pharmacology Optimization Platform
Optimization Service of
mRNA Translation and
Stability
Services of Immunogenicity
Modulation
Effective mRNA Delivery
Service
Self-amplifying mRNA
(SAM) Vaccine Platform
SAM vaccine design
Synthesis of SAM vaccine
Optimization of SAM vaccines
Preclinical evaluation of SAM
vaccine
CREATIVE
BIOLABS
14. mRNA Vaccine
Address: 45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA
Email: info@creative-biolabs.com
Web: www.creative-biolabs.com
