This document discusses synthetic peptide vaccines and recombinant antigen vaccines. It begins with definitions of vaccines and how they work to induce an immune response. It then describes two types of modern vaccines: synthetic peptide vaccines and recombinant antigen vaccines. Synthetic peptide vaccines use short fragments of viral or bacterial proteins that contain epitopes to induce an immune response, while recombinant antigen vaccines produce antigens through DNA technology by inserting viral or bacterial DNA into cells that then express the antigen protein. Both types of modern vaccines offer advantages over traditional vaccines like easier production and stability without refrigeration.

1. Presented By –
Roll no : Y19254016
M.Pharma 1st sem
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Dr. Harisingh Gour University Sagar (M.P.)
(A Central University)
SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINES AND
RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN VACCINE

2. CONTENTS
 Definition of vaccines
 Introduction to vaccine
 How vaccines work against viruses
 Types of vaccines
 Synthetic peptide vaccines
 Recombinant antigen vaccines
 References

3. INTRODUCTION TO VACCINE
 What is a Vaccine?
A vaccine is a substance that is introduced into the body to
prevent infection or to control disease due to a certain
pathogen (a disease-causing organism, such as a virus,
bacteria or parasite). The vaccine “teaches” the body how to
defend itself against the pathogen by creating an immune
response.
1 Unlike traditional pharmaceuticals, vaccines are biologics
since they are made from living organisms (biological
sources).
2 Specifically, vaccines are preparations of components derived
from (or related to) a pathogen; they can typically induce a
protective effect through one to three very small doses, in the
range of micrograms to milligrams.
3 Immunity lasts for an extended period, from one year up to
lifetime protection, including prevention of disease and/or

5. How vaccines work against
viruses

6. TYPES OF VACCINES

8. Synthetic peptide vaccines
Synthetic peptide vaccines represent fragments of
protein antigen sequences, synthesizing specific B
cell and T cell epitopes offer the potential to induce
diseases neutralizing immuno response with
completely synthetic structure. Now it is well
established that short chain peptides can be used
to mimic antigenic sites of viruses and thus can be
used the basics for vaccines and development.
therefore, attempts have been made to synthesize
such peptides which act as the serrogate
immuunogens, as an alternative to the existing
conventional vaccines.

9. Relatively easy to produce
Stable for longer period of time without
the need for refrigeration
Scaleup to production and purification is
easy in contrast to conventional
vaccines.
To synthesize a peptide which
can induce production of antibodies
reacting with the coat of proteins of
viruses it is necessary to identify the
critical epitopes involves in producing
protective immunity and determining the
sequence of amino acid that consequent
an epitopes.

12. RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN
VACCINE
A Recombinant vaccine is a vaccine produced
through DNA technology. This involves inserting
the DNA encoding an antigen (such as a bacteria
surface protein ) that stimulates an immune
response into bacterial or mammalian cells ,
expressing the antigen in these cells
Antigen in these cells and then purifying it from
them.
recombinant proteins are molecules that
are produced from recombinant DNA .The
recombinant
DNA is cloned into special carrier called vector that
are introduced in specific host such as bacteria ,
mammalian or yeast cells . The recombinant
proteins are expressed using the hosts

14. REFERENCES
 De Macro, Recombinant antibody production
evolves into multiple option aimed at yielding
reagents sutiable for appplication-specific
needs.
Micobe cell fact 14,125 (2015)
• Baneyx, F. Recombinant protein expresion in
Esherichia coli.curr.opin.biotecnol.10411-
21(1999)
• Vyas .s.p , Dixit v.k “pharmaceutical
biotecnology , 1st edition,1998 cbs
publisherand distributors ,new delhi india
330-338
• Kohli d.v ,Vyas s.p “metods in biotecnology
and bio engerring ,first edition cbs publisher
and distributors , new delhi

15. THANKS