Immunology / Vaccinology

2. What is mRNA Vaccine?
_
• Type of Vaccine uses copy of
molecule called mRNA.
• Teaches your Immune System
what the infection looks like.
• Allows it to create Antibodies that
help it fight the Disease on Future infections.

3. mRNA Vaccines Have Two Parts
_
mRNA Coding for Spike Protein Lipid Nanoparticles
Delivery of mRNA into Cells

4. _
HOW?

5. Intracellular Barriers for IVT-mRNA
Delivery

6. The Anatomy of mRNA in Vaccine
_
C A
P
5’
UT
R
Sig
S
pike Protein
3’
UT
R
Po
l
A Tail

7. Mechanism of Action /Immune Response
_

8. What’s that weird looking base pair?
_
 Helps prevent your body
from breaking down the
RNA before it has a chance
to do anything!
 Read just like a uracil or U
would be.
 While it looks funny,
pseudouridines are
naturally found in our own
RNA!

9. Why mRNA Vaccine?
_
Potentially inexpensive
Manufacture in Cell Free Systems
Safe to handle
No infectious Virus needed for VP
Time saving
No risk of Insertional Mutation
Applicable to both Infectious and
Non-infectious Disease

10. Two mRNA Vaccines Approved
_
1. Moderna
2. Pfizer/BioNTech
• RNA in each Codes for Spike Protein
• Slightly different LNP
• Slightly different Storage
Temperature

11. Do they Work? _

12. Side Effects & Advantages
_
Side Effects:
Fatigue
Headache
Muscle Aches
Fever or Chills
Advantages:
Prevent you from Severe Covid
infection
More Vaccination ,faster we can get back to normal lives
Minimum Virus Transmission

13. How are RNA Vaccines Made?
_
1. Template
Construction,Linearization
& Amplication
2. In-Vitro Transcription
* Potential low Cost
* Fast Production
*No Eggs or Cell culture to
grow Virus
3. Post Transcriptional
modification
*Enzymatic Capping
*Poly A tailing
4. Purification
E. coli
mRNA
Enzymes & Nucleotides

14. Continued…
_

15. Is The Vaccine Safe?
_

16. Some Other Applications
_
•Protein Replacement-Hemophilia
•Cancer Immunotherapy
•Cellular Reprogramming
•Gene Editing Cas Protein

17. Timeline
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