Most induction motors are started directly on line, but when very large motors are started that way, they cause a disturbance of voltage on the supply lines due to large starting current surges. To limit the starting current surge, large induction motors are started at reduced voltage and then have full supply voltage reconnected when they run up to near rotated speed.
CONTENT
Starting Of Induction Motor
Starters
Types Of Starter For 3-ph Induction Motors
Starting Of Slip Ring Induction Motor
D.O.L.(Direct On Line) starter
Star-delta Starter
Auto Transformer Starter
Difference Between DOL/Star Delta/ Autotransformer
The single-phase motor, which are designed to operate from a single-phase supply, are manufactured in a large number of types to perform a wide variety of useful services in home, offices, factories, workshops and in a business establishments etc.
Small motors, particularly in the frictional kW sizes are better known than any other. In fact, most of the new products of the manufacturers of space vehicles, aircrafts, business machines and power tools etc. have been possible due to of the advances made in the design of frictional kW motors. Since the performance requirements of the various applications differ so widely, the motor manufacturing industry has developed many different types of such motors, each being designed to meet specific demands.
Single-phase motors may be classified as under, depending on their construction and method of starting:
1. Induction Motors (split-phase, capacitor and shaded-pole etc.)
2. Repulsion Motors (sometime called inductive-series motor)
3. AC Series Motor, and
4. Un-excited Synchronous Motors
CONTENT
Starting Of Induction Motor
Starters
Types Of Starter For 3-ph Induction Motors
Starting Of Slip Ring Induction Motor
D.O.L.(Direct On Line) starter
Star-delta Starter
Auto Transformer Starter
Difference Between DOL/Star Delta/ Autotransformer
The single-phase motor, which are designed to operate from a single-phase supply, are manufactured in a large number of types to perform a wide variety of useful services in home, offices, factories, workshops and in a business establishments etc.
Small motors, particularly in the frictional kW sizes are better known than any other. In fact, most of the new products of the manufacturers of space vehicles, aircrafts, business machines and power tools etc. have been possible due to of the advances made in the design of frictional kW motors. Since the performance requirements of the various applications differ so widely, the motor manufacturing industry has developed many different types of such motors, each being designed to meet specific demands.
Single-phase motors may be classified as under, depending on their construction and method of starting:
1. Induction Motors (split-phase, capacitor and shaded-pole etc.)
2. Repulsion Motors (sometime called inductive-series motor)
3. AC Series Motor, and
4. Un-excited Synchronous Motors
Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase Induction Motorelprocus
The most basic feature of an Induction motor is its self starting mechanism. Due to the rotating magnetic field, an emf is induced in the rotor, because of which current starts flowing in the rotor.
this presentation gives a clear idea of how the servo motor and servo drive working explained in detail and attached video have a clear idea of how servo motor works......enjoy, i hope you will like this.... :)
Industrial Star Delta Starter for a 3-Phase Induction Motorelprocus
The most basic feature of an Induction motor is its self starting mechanism. Due to the rotating magnetic field, an emf is induced in the rotor, because of which current starts flowing in the rotor.
this presentation gives a clear idea of how the servo motor and servo drive working explained in detail and attached video have a clear idea of how servo motor works......enjoy, i hope you will like this.... :)
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Automatic Star Delta Starter Using Relays And Adjustable Electronic Timer For...Edgefxkits & Solutions
This PPT explains about how to provide low voltage start to induction motor. This is achieved by using star to delta conversions.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
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star delta auto starter with forward reverse and motor protectionBHUPATI PRADHAN
It is a project on pure electrical engineering. Here three phase motor is starting from star to delta automatically by using some components.In other hand it also provide protection to the motor.
Minimization of Starting Torque and Inrush Current of Induction Motor by Diff...ijtsrd
Induction motors are considered nowadays the most commonly used electrical machines, which are mainly used as electrical induction motors and sometimes as generators. This is mainly due to the simplicity of composition, low price, light weight, high reliability, easy to command and control performance and not containing parts that could easily breakdown compared with DC machines and synchronous machines. Starting the IM is the most important and dangerous step, where the motor properties play a major role in the evaluation of all electrical motors, and these properties are defined by the following factors Starting torque. starting current. transient state. smoothness of the starting, simplicity and economics of starting. In this paper, three different methods of starting three phase Induction Motor are discussed and compared through curves of currents, torque, speed. These methods are Direct On Line, Auto Transformer, Star Delta, for a constant power load condition. Simulation is made in MATLAB SIMULINK and comparatively results are estimated to evaluate the best starting method for different range of induction motor rating. Suraj Grover | Mr. Mahesh Mankar ""Minimization of Starting Torque and Inrush Current of Induction Motor by Different Starting Methods using MATLAB/SIMULINK"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22935.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/22935/minimization-of-starting-torque-and-inrush-current-of-induction-motor-by-different-starting-methods-using-matlabsimulink/suraj-grover
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDUCTION MOTOR STARTERS USING MATLAB SIMULINKIJARIIT
This paper presents a comparison between the Direct-On-Line (D.O.L.), and Soft Starter by using MATLAB Simulink .The purpose of this project is to find out the theoretical and actual characteristics of Induction motor. These three basic starting methods which different the irrespective wiring connection are the most applicable and widely-used starting method in the industrial area due to its economic reasons. This project is done by analyzing the characteristics during the motor starting by using the MATLAB Simulation to capture the waveforms of these events. After the Simulation, the three different starting method are being compared to conclude the most suitable and applicable starting method.
3-phase stator winding is fed from a balanced 3-phase supply, a rotating magnetic field (RMF) is produced in the motor. This RMF rotates around the stator at synchronous speed which is given by,
SynchronousSpeed,NS=120fP
The RMF passes through the air gap and cuts the rotor conductors, which as yet are stationary. Due to the relative motion between the RMF and the stationary rotor conductors, EMFs are induced in the rotor conductors.
As the rotor circuit is closed with short-circuit so currents start flowing in the rotor conductors.
Since the current carrying rotor conductors are placed in the magnetic field produced by the stator winding. As a result, the rotor conductors experience mechanical force.
Starting Time Calculation for Induction Motor.IJERA Editor
This Paper Presents The Starting Time Calculation For A Squirrel Cage Induction Motor. The Importance Of
Starting Time Lies In Determining The Duration Of Large Current, Which Flows During The Starting Of An
Induction Motor. Normally, The Starting Current Of An Induction Motor Is Six To Eight Time Of Full Load
Current. Plenty Of Methods Have Been Discovered To Start Motor In A Quick Time, But Due To Un-Economic
Nature, Use Are Limited. Hence, For Large Motors Direct Online Starting Is Most Popular Amongst All Due To
Its Economic And Feasible Nature. But Large Current With Dol Starting Results In A Heavy Potential Drop In
The Power System. Thus, Special Care And Attention Is Required In Order To Design A Healthy System.
A Very Simple Method To Calculate The Starting Time Of Motor Is Proposed In This Paper. Respective
Simulation Study Has Been Carried Out Using Matlab 7.8.0 Environment, Which Demonstrates The
Effectiveness Of The Starting Time Calculation.
Energy Efficient Operation of Three Phase Induction Motor using Delstar Conve...IJECEIAES
DELSTAR converter is an electronic system to be interfaced with the existing STAR – DELTA starter for machine tools. Induction motor consumes more power while it is operated at DELTA mode for a long time under no load condition. The proposed system gives the solution for the above stated problem. When the load on the motor is less than 40% of full load, it switches the motor to operate in STAR mode to save energy. When the load increases beyond 40%, it automatically switches the motor to operate in DELTA mode. The starting regimen is not disturbed. The proposed converter is recommended for applications where load changes are not more than 120 times/hour. This can be used with any capacity motor by choosing appropriate current transformers and setting the current level using the potentiometer built in. The proposed converter is designed for 5HP induction motor and experimentally tested.
Speed control of Three phase Induction motor using AC voltage regulatorShivagee Raj
The role of AC Voltage Regulator in speed control of three phase Induction Motor is to vary the supply voltage which in turn, changes the speed of motor .
This Ppt exlains how protect an induction motor from single phasing and over temperature. It also provides a protection system is very important in industries, using lot of motors such that production is not hampered owing to failure of any motor.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
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2. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Introduction:
An induction motor is a 3 phase motor consisting of the 3 phase
winding as the stator with a permanent magnet and the rotor as
another 3 phase windings. It works on the principle of rotating
magnetic field, i.e. the formation of the magnetic flux from 3 phase
winding fluxes, which rotates about its axis, causing the rotor to rotate.
4. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Need for Motor Starting
In an induction motor, when supply is given to the stator windings.
The rotating magnetic field flux and the produced flux in the rotor
windings due to the back emf.
It causes the motor torque to increase, causing a high rotor current.
During the time between the application of electric supply to the motor
and the actual acceleration of the motor to its full speed.
A large amount of current is drawn by the stator from the supply.
5. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Need for Motor Starting
This starting current is about 5 to 6 times more than the full load
current.
This time duration can be for few seconds or longer.
This causes the electrical equipments to damage because of the
increasing voltage drop in electrical systems.
Due to flow of larger currents across the cable.
For this reason, a definite method of starting the motor is needed.
6. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Definition of Motor Starter
It is the device connected in series with the motor to decrease its
starting current and then increase it as the motor starts rotating
gradually.
It consists of a connector which acts as a switch to control flow of
current to the motor and a overload unit which measures the flow of
current through the motor and controls the halting of motor in case of
large current being drawn.
7. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Principle of Motor
Starter
The current drawn by the motor can be controlled by reducing the
back emf (possible by reducing the supply voltage) or by increasing the
rotor resistance during the motor starting.
8. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Types of Motor
Starters
Direct On line
Star Delta
Auto Transformer starter
Stator Resistance Starter
Rotor Resistance Starter
9. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Direct On line
It consists of simple push button as the controller.
When the start button is pressed.
The switch connecting the motor and the main supply is closed and
the motor gets the supply current.
In case of over current, the stop button is pressed and the bypass
auxiliary contact is opened.
11. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Star Delta
The 3 windings are first connected in star connection.
After some time (decided by the timer or other controller circuit) the
windings are connected in delta connection.
In star connection, the current drawn is 0.58% of the normal current and
also the phase voltage is reduced to 0.58%.
Thus the torque is reduced.
13. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Auto Transformer starter
It consists of an auto transformer in star connection.
It reduces the voltage applied to the motor terminals.
It consists of 3 tapped secondary coils connected to the three phases.
In the starting period the transformer allows application of lower
voltages to the three windings.
15. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Stator Resistance Starter
It consists of three resistors in series with each phase of the stator windings.
It causes a voltage drop across each resistor and as a result a low voltage is
applied to each phase.
16. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Rotor Resistance Starter
It consists of 3 resistances connected in series with the rotor windings,
thus reducing the rotor current, but increasing the torque.
18. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Application of Star Delta Starter to Control Starting
of Induction Motor
The star delta starter is the cheapest among all the starters and is suitable
for applications like machine tools, pumps, motor generators etc.
A star delta starter can be used in starting an induction motor by using 2
relays as the connector and the timer as the controller.
1 connector is used to provide the mains supply while the other connector
controls the connection of motor in star or delta connection.
Transformers are used, primaries of which are connected to the 3 phase
supply and the secondaries are connected to the relays and the timer.
19. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Application of Star Delta Starter to Control Starting
of Induction Motor
The two relays are used to trigger the timer, which develops a high logic
output at pin 3.
Thus switching on the relay 4, causing the supply in star connection
It offers low power intensity to the load by isolating the load from the
normal 3 phase supply through relay 3.
Some more regarding this starting of induction discussed below.
20. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Soft Start of Induction Motor by Stepped Delay of Reducing
Firing Angle
Soft Start and Soft Stop
In normal start up of the induction motor, more torque is developed.
It causes the stress to be transferred to the mechanical transmission
system.
It results in excessive wear and failure of the mechanical parts.
As acceleration increases, high current is drawn which is about 600%
of the normal run current.
This can be seldom solved using a star delta starter
21. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Soft Start and Soft Stop
Soft start provides a reliable and economical solution to
these problems by delivering a controlled release of power
to the motor, thereby providing smooth, steeples
acceleration and deceleration. The damage to windings and
bearings are reduced, resulting in an extended motor life.
22. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Soft Start and Soft Stop
With this technique, a controlled starting and stopping is achieved with
proper selection of ramp times and setting of the current limit.
Less mechanical stress.
Improved power factor.
Lower maximum demand.
Less mechanical maintenance.
This technique is suitable for applications where torque transients are
frequent, such as in pumping fluids, which can ultimately lead to rupture
pipes and couplings.
23. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Technology followed in Soft Starter:
A soft starter is a type of reduced voltage starter for AC induction
motors.
The soft starter is similar to a primary resistance or primary reactant
starter in that it is in series with the supply to the motor.
The input current to the started equals its output current.
It consists of solid state devices to control the current flow and the
voltage applied to the motors.
The soft starters can be connected in series with the line voltage or
connected inside the delta loop.
24. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Voltage Control
Solid state AC switches are arranged in series with one or more phases
to achieve voltage control.
Use of Solid state switches
1 x Triac per phase
25. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Use of Solid state switches
1 x SCR and 1 x Diode reverse parallel connected per phase.
2 x SCRs reverse parallel connected per phase.
26. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Advantages
Star-Delta starters are widely used due to their relatively low
price.
There are no limits to the number of times they can be
operated.
The components require very little space.
The starting current is reduced to approximately one-third.
27. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Disadvantages
The starter can only be applied to motors where the six leads or
terminals can be accessed.
The supply voltage must be the same as the rated motor voltage for
Delta connection.
Because the starting current is reduced to approximately one-third of
the rated current, the starting torque is also reduced to one-third.
If the motor does not reach at least 90% of its rated speed at the time
of switching from Star to Delta the current peak will be as high as in a
D.O.L.
28. http://www.elprocus.com/
Types And Technology of Motor
Starter And Applications
Conclusion
Most induction motors are started directly on line, but when very
large motors are started that way, they cause a disturbance of
voltage on the supply lines due to large starting current surges. To
limit the starting current surge, large induction motors are started at
reduced voltage and then have full supply voltage reconnected when
they run up to near rotated speed.