DELSTAR converter is an electronic system to be interfaced with the existing STAR – DELTA starter for machine tools. Induction motor consumes more power while it is operated at DELTA mode for a long time under no load condition. The proposed system gives the solution for the above stated problem. When the load on the motor is less than 40% of full load, it switches the motor to operate in STAR mode to save energy. When the load increases beyond 40%, it automatically switches the motor to operate in DELTA mode. The starting regimen is not disturbed. The proposed converter is recommended for applications where load changes are not more than 120 times/hour. This can be used with any capacity motor by choosing appropriate current transformers and setting the current level using the potentiometer built in. The proposed converter is designed for 5HP induction motor and experimentally tested.
Starting Time Calculation for Induction Motor.IJERA Editor
This Paper Presents The Starting Time Calculation For A Squirrel Cage Induction Motor. The Importance Of
Starting Time Lies In Determining The Duration Of Large Current, Which Flows During The Starting Of An
Induction Motor. Normally, The Starting Current Of An Induction Motor Is Six To Eight Time Of Full Load
Current. Plenty Of Methods Have Been Discovered To Start Motor In A Quick Time, But Due To Un-Economic
Nature, Use Are Limited. Hence, For Large Motors Direct Online Starting Is Most Popular Amongst All Due To
Its Economic And Feasible Nature. But Large Current With Dol Starting Results In A Heavy Potential Drop In
The Power System. Thus, Special Care And Attention Is Required In Order To Design A Healthy System.
A Very Simple Method To Calculate The Starting Time Of Motor Is Proposed In This Paper. Respective
Simulation Study Has Been Carried Out Using Matlab 7.8.0 Environment, Which Demonstrates The
Effectiveness Of The Starting Time Calculation.
Design and Analysis of Drive System with Slip Ring Induction Motor for Electr...IJPEDS-IAES
The use of Squirrel Cage Motor for Traction has revolutionised the motive power of a Locomotive. The Asynchronous Motor is rugged, has high starting Torque, very smooth Voltage and Speed control as compared to a DC Series Motor. When looking at the Traction perspective, a Wound Rotor Induction Motor can be an alternative to the Squirrel Cage Motor as it has higher starting Torque at lower starting current and better efficiency than a Squirrel Cage Motor. The Slip Power Recovery scheme also plays a proactive role as there can be substantial savings of energy in case of a Wound Rotor Induction Motor as the Slip Power recovered can be used to drive the Auxiliary Loads of the Locomotive and also for powering the trailing Passenger Cars. A detailed design and analysis of a Drive System with Wound Rotor Induction Motor for Electric Traction is presented in this Research Paper.
This presentation summarizes the operation of a star-delta starter circuit used to protect motors. It begins with an introduction of the presenters and topic. Then, it explains that a star-delta starter uses three contactors, a timer, and overload protection to initially connect the motor in a star configuration, providing lower starting current and torque. After a set time, it switches to a delta configuration to provide full voltage and torque. Key advantages are simple operation, lower cost than other starting methods, and good torque-current performance, while disadvantages include low starting torque and needing a six-terminal motor.
Theory and Analysis of Three Phase Induction Motor using Written Pole TechnologyIOSRJEEE
Three phase induction motors are employed in almost all the industries because of its simple construction and easy operation. Efficiency of the induction motor is affected by its fixed losses and variable losses which mainly depend on the input supply voltage and load current respectively. An attempt is made to minimize the iron losses by using the permanent magnet ferrite. A new Three Phase Induction Motor Using Written Pole Technology is proposed in this paper whose stator consists of two three phase windings accommodated in the same core and rotor is used as squirrel cage rotor with ferrite material on its periphery. Shaft loads are categorized as low, medium and high, Stator coils are energized through a controller based on the load demand. When compared to conventional induction motor, the motor efficiency and power factor are improved. Another approach of this machine is that the ferrite layer on the rotor periphery will reduce the motor losses which results in improving the motor efficiency. In this motor, one windings (main winding) is designed for the 238 volt ac voltage while the second winding (exciter winding) is designed for 8 volt ac voltage. Experimental result ensures the considerable increase in the efficiency and power factor.
IRJET- Single Input Multiple Output by Capacitor Start Single Phase Induction...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on producing power from the capacitor winding of a single-phase induction motor. It describes how the motor works and the components used, including a 555 timer IC to automatically disconnect the capacitor winding after startup. Experimental results showed that with a 1/4 HP motor, the capacitor winding could power a load after startup, producing 107V while keeping the motor's input current stable at 2.4A. This demonstrates producing multiple outputs from a single-phase induction motor by utilizing the capacitor winding during operation.
IRJET- Efficient BLDC Motor for Mixer and GrinderIRJET Journal
This document discusses replacing the universal motor currently used in residential mixers and grinders with a brushless DC (BLDC) motor to improve energy efficiency. Some key points:
- BLDC motors are more efficient than universal motors due to electronic commutation and lack of brushes. They allow for easier speed control and produce less heat.
- A BLDC motor was designed for a mixer/grinder with specifications like 60W power, 24V voltage, 3000 rpm speed. Speed can be varied using a potentiometer.
- Tests show the universal motor in mixers has low efficiency around 50% due to high no-load power loss. Replacing it with a BLDC motor
The document discusses different types of motor starters including direct-on-line (DOL) starters and star-delta starters. A DOL starter connects the motor directly to the power supply, providing high starting torque but also high starting currents. A star-delta starter initially connects the motor in star configuration to reduce starting current before switching to delta configuration, providing lower starting current but also lower starting torque than a DOL starter. The document covers the components, operation, advantages, and disadvantages of both DOL and star-delta motor starters.
Motor StarterTypes and Technology of Motor Starter And Its Applicationselprocus
Most induction motors are started directly on line, but when very large motors are started that way, they cause a disturbance of voltage on the supply lines due to large starting current surges. To limit the starting current surge, large induction motors are started at reduced voltage and then have full supply voltage reconnected when they run up to near rotated speed.
Starting Time Calculation for Induction Motor.IJERA Editor
This Paper Presents The Starting Time Calculation For A Squirrel Cage Induction Motor. The Importance Of
Starting Time Lies In Determining The Duration Of Large Current, Which Flows During The Starting Of An
Induction Motor. Normally, The Starting Current Of An Induction Motor Is Six To Eight Time Of Full Load
Current. Plenty Of Methods Have Been Discovered To Start Motor In A Quick Time, But Due To Un-Economic
Nature, Use Are Limited. Hence, For Large Motors Direct Online Starting Is Most Popular Amongst All Due To
Its Economic And Feasible Nature. But Large Current With Dol Starting Results In A Heavy Potential Drop In
The Power System. Thus, Special Care And Attention Is Required In Order To Design A Healthy System.
A Very Simple Method To Calculate The Starting Time Of Motor Is Proposed In This Paper. Respective
Simulation Study Has Been Carried Out Using Matlab 7.8.0 Environment, Which Demonstrates The
Effectiveness Of The Starting Time Calculation.
Design and Analysis of Drive System with Slip Ring Induction Motor for Electr...IJPEDS-IAES
The use of Squirrel Cage Motor for Traction has revolutionised the motive power of a Locomotive. The Asynchronous Motor is rugged, has high starting Torque, very smooth Voltage and Speed control as compared to a DC Series Motor. When looking at the Traction perspective, a Wound Rotor Induction Motor can be an alternative to the Squirrel Cage Motor as it has higher starting Torque at lower starting current and better efficiency than a Squirrel Cage Motor. The Slip Power Recovery scheme also plays a proactive role as there can be substantial savings of energy in case of a Wound Rotor Induction Motor as the Slip Power recovered can be used to drive the Auxiliary Loads of the Locomotive and also for powering the trailing Passenger Cars. A detailed design and analysis of a Drive System with Wound Rotor Induction Motor for Electric Traction is presented in this Research Paper.
This presentation summarizes the operation of a star-delta starter circuit used to protect motors. It begins with an introduction of the presenters and topic. Then, it explains that a star-delta starter uses three contactors, a timer, and overload protection to initially connect the motor in a star configuration, providing lower starting current and torque. After a set time, it switches to a delta configuration to provide full voltage and torque. Key advantages are simple operation, lower cost than other starting methods, and good torque-current performance, while disadvantages include low starting torque and needing a six-terminal motor.
Theory and Analysis of Three Phase Induction Motor using Written Pole TechnologyIOSRJEEE
Three phase induction motors are employed in almost all the industries because of its simple construction and easy operation. Efficiency of the induction motor is affected by its fixed losses and variable losses which mainly depend on the input supply voltage and load current respectively. An attempt is made to minimize the iron losses by using the permanent magnet ferrite. A new Three Phase Induction Motor Using Written Pole Technology is proposed in this paper whose stator consists of two three phase windings accommodated in the same core and rotor is used as squirrel cage rotor with ferrite material on its periphery. Shaft loads are categorized as low, medium and high, Stator coils are energized through a controller based on the load demand. When compared to conventional induction motor, the motor efficiency and power factor are improved. Another approach of this machine is that the ferrite layer on the rotor periphery will reduce the motor losses which results in improving the motor efficiency. In this motor, one windings (main winding) is designed for the 238 volt ac voltage while the second winding (exciter winding) is designed for 8 volt ac voltage. Experimental result ensures the considerable increase in the efficiency and power factor.
IRJET- Single Input Multiple Output by Capacitor Start Single Phase Induction...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on producing power from the capacitor winding of a single-phase induction motor. It describes how the motor works and the components used, including a 555 timer IC to automatically disconnect the capacitor winding after startup. Experimental results showed that with a 1/4 HP motor, the capacitor winding could power a load after startup, producing 107V while keeping the motor's input current stable at 2.4A. This demonstrates producing multiple outputs from a single-phase induction motor by utilizing the capacitor winding during operation.
IRJET- Efficient BLDC Motor for Mixer and GrinderIRJET Journal
This document discusses replacing the universal motor currently used in residential mixers and grinders with a brushless DC (BLDC) motor to improve energy efficiency. Some key points:
- BLDC motors are more efficient than universal motors due to electronic commutation and lack of brushes. They allow for easier speed control and produce less heat.
- A BLDC motor was designed for a mixer/grinder with specifications like 60W power, 24V voltage, 3000 rpm speed. Speed can be varied using a potentiometer.
- Tests show the universal motor in mixers has low efficiency around 50% due to high no-load power loss. Replacing it with a BLDC motor
The document discusses different types of motor starters including direct-on-line (DOL) starters and star-delta starters. A DOL starter connects the motor directly to the power supply, providing high starting torque but also high starting currents. A star-delta starter initially connects the motor in star configuration to reduce starting current before switching to delta configuration, providing lower starting current but also lower starting torque than a DOL starter. The document covers the components, operation, advantages, and disadvantages of both DOL and star-delta motor starters.
Motor StarterTypes and Technology of Motor Starter And Its Applicationselprocus
Most induction motors are started directly on line, but when very large motors are started that way, they cause a disturbance of voltage on the supply lines due to large starting current surges. To limit the starting current surge, large induction motors are started at reduced voltage and then have full supply voltage reconnected when they run up to near rotated speed.
Automatic Star Delta Starter Using Relays And Adjustable Electronic Timer For...Edgefxkits & Solutions
The document describes an automatic star-delta starter circuit for induction motors using relays and an adjustable electronic timer. The circuit starts the motor in star configuration using three transformers, rectifiers and a 555 timer circuit to control four relays. After a preset time, the fourth relay switches the motor to delta configuration. It provides basic protection from voltage fluctuations and single phasing faults. The starter reduces starting current compared to direct online starting and is a low-cost solution, though it can be improved further with soft start capabilities.
Automatic Star Delta Starter using Relay and Adjustable Electronic Timer for ...IRJET Journal
This document describes an automatic star-delta starter for a 3-phase induction motor using relays and an adjustable electronic timer. The starter connects the motor windings in either star or delta configuration to reduce starting current. It uses relays controlled by a microcontroller timer to switch between configurations, keeping starting current low by operating in star mode for 3 seconds before switching to delta mode. This protects the motor from high inrush currents while allowing full-load current once started. Experimental results show that lamps connected to represent the motor windings glow dimly in star mode and brightly in delta mode, demonstrating the change in current flow successfully.
The document provides information on assessing the energy performance of motors and variable speed drives. It discusses methods for determining motor efficiency through no-load, locked rotor, and full load tests. It also covers factors that affect motor efficiency like loading, temperature, and stray losses. The document then discusses applications of variable speed drives and factors for successful implementation like torque requirements, efficiency, and power factor. Key points on evaluating energy savings with variable speed applications are also summarized.
This document discusses electrical drives. It defines an electrical drive as a system that uses an electric motor to control motion for various industrial processes. The key components of an electrical drive system are a power source, power modulator, controller, motor, sensing unit, and mechanical load. The power source provides energy, typically from a 3-phase AC supply. The power modulator interfaces the motor to the power source and provides adjustable voltage, current and frequency. Common types of power modulators include controlled rectifiers, inverters, AC voltage regulators, DC choppers, and cycloconverters. Electrical drives offer advantages like flexible control, easy starting and braking, wide speed and torque ranges, and no exhaust emissions.
This paper presents a design and development of 8/6 switched reluctance motor for small electric vehicle using analytical method. The absent of permanent magnet, inherent fault tolerance capabilities, simple and robust construction make this motor become more attractive for small electric vehicle application such as electric scooter and go-kart. The switched reluctance motor is modelled using analytical formula in designing process. Later, the designed model is analyzed using ANSYS RMxprt software. In order to achieve 5kW power rating and to match with the design requirement, the switched reluctance motor model has been analyzed using RMxprt tools for the preliminary parameters design process. This tools is able to predict the output performance of motor in term of speed, flux linkage characteristic, output torque and efficiency.
Electrical drive unit 1 as per IP university_EEEamrutapattnaik2
it is the complete Electrical Drive syllabus of the unit1. i 've tried a lot to merge everything in one PPT.it might be helpful for final year students.
i am also thankful to slideshare as I also collected all data and notes from this site too.
kindly share your suggestions for the improvement
COMMUNICATION AND CUSTOMER RELATIONS STRATEGY IN IMPROVING HOTEL GUESTS' SATI...IAEME Publication
The present study examines and analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the
communications and customer relationship strategies that have been developed by
public relations and individually simultaneously, influencing guests to visit at Hotels in
Samosir. The research population is Hotel managers located on Samosir Island with
saturated sample techniques where population units are sampled as a whole
Design, Modelling& Simulation of Double Sided Linear Segmented Switched Reluc...IOSR Journals
This document presents the design, modeling, and simulation of a double-sided linear segmented switched reluctance motor (LSSRM). The LSSRM is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show current, inductance, torque, and speed characteristics. A 6/4 LSSRM is designed and compared to a conventional SRM and segmented SRM (SSRM) of the same power rating. The LSSRM design uses concentric windings instead of full pitch windings, reducing copper usage and weight. Simulation results validate the LSSRM model and control strategy. The LSSRM provides higher torque than SRM and SSRM for the same frame size due to increased aligned inductance.
1. The document discusses electric drives and their components. Electric drives use electric motors as prime movers and include a power source, power modulator, motor, control unit, and sensing unit.
2. Power modulators can be converters, variable impedance circuits, or switching circuits. Converters provide adjustable voltage/current/frequency to control motor speed and torque. Variable impedance circuits and switching circuits are used to control motor parameters.
3. Electric drives are classified as individual drives, group drives, or multimotor drives depending on how many motors are used to drive different loads. Individual drives use one motor for all loads while group drives use one motor connected to multiple loads through pulleys. Multimotor
Analysis and control of four quadrant operation of three phase brushless dc (...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A NEW APPROACH TO DTC METHOD FOR BLDC MOTOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVEScscpconf
This paper proposes a new approach to direct torque control (DTC) method for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. In conventional DTC method, two main reference parameters are used as: flux and torque. In this paper, the new approach has been proposed to improve the BLDC motor dynamic performance. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on different working conditions.
A variable speed drive can save 20% to 50% depending on the operating cycle and average flow. Applying variable speed drives to ventilation systems creates 20% to 70% in energy savings!
The document discusses soft starters, which are electronic starters that control the voltage applied to three-phase induction motors during start up and shut down. Soft starters reduce mechanical and electrical stresses by gradually increasing voltage from 0% to 100% over an adjustable ramp time, rather than applying full voltage instantly. This allows the motor to accelerate smoothly and limits high starting currents that can damage equipment. Soft starters provide benefits like reduced component wear, maintenance needs, and power consumption compared to direct-on-line or star-delta starters.
Induction motors are AC motors that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy through electromagnetic induction. They are widely used in industry due to being rugged, reliable and economical. The speed of an induction motor is controlled either through the stator side by varying the supply frequency or voltage, or through the rotor side by adding external resistance or injecting slip frequency voltage. Modern variable speed drives allow induction motors to operate at variable speeds, providing benefits like energy savings and cost effectiveness.
Speed Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variationsijtsrd
Nowadays, Brushless DC motors are in high demand due to its high efficiency and other significant features. As there is no use of brushes, this type of motor is having many advantages like high torque to inertia ratio, high speed, and power density and low cost compared to conventional brushed motors. This paper determines speed torque characteristics of brushless dc motor with different load variation by using the proposed method and the developed controller. The variation in motor speed torque characteristics for half load, full load, and overloading condition is analyzed. This research has been conducted to analyze the model and compared with the simulation results which are very useful in studying the performance of motor system. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Speed-Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31197.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31197/speedtorque-characteristics-of-bldc-motor-with-load-variations/ishita-gupta
This document provides information about an AP Series pure sine wave inverter/charger, including:
1. Electrical specifications for the inverter, charger, and other features like overload capacity, charging stages, and power saver mode.
2. Mechanical drawings and descriptions of the unit and its inputs/outputs.
3. Installation instructions and safety precautions for siting, wiring, and working with batteries.
IRJET- Tap Changing using Solid State Devices for Single Phase TransformerIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a solid state tap changer for single phase transformers as an alternative to traditional mechanical tap changers. Mechanical tap changers cause problems like arcing, losses, degradation of transformer oil, and increased maintenance costs. A solid state tap changer uses power electronic devices like thyristors, IGBTs, and TRIACs arranged in an anti-parallel configuration to switch transformer taps without arcing. This eliminates switching losses and reduces the size of the tap changing mechanism. A microprocessor-based control unit regulates the output by triggering the electronic devices based on voltage and current feedback to maintain regulated output despite supply or load variations. Solid state tap changers provide benefits like fast switching, reduced size,
This document discusses different types of starters for 3-phase induction motors, including their operation and advantages/disadvantages. It describes stator resistance, auto-transformer, star-delta, rotor resistance, and direct online starters. The star-delta starter connects the motor in a star configuration at start to reduce voltage and current by 1/3, then switches to delta for run. The direct online starter connects the motor directly to full voltage, providing maximum torque but also maximum starting current of 6-8 times full load current. Variable frequency drives control motor speed by varying supply frequency and voltage.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDUCTION MOTOR STARTERS USING MATLAB SIMULINKIJARIIT
This paper presents a comparison between the Direct-On-Line (D.O.L.), and Soft Starter by using MATLAB Simulink .The purpose of this project is to find out the theoretical and actual characteristics of Induction motor. These three basic starting methods which different the irrespective wiring connection are the most applicable and widely-used starting method in the industrial area due to its economic reasons. This project is done by analyzing the characteristics during the motor starting by using the MATLAB Simulation to capture the waveforms of these events. After the Simulation, the three different starting method are being compared to conclude the most suitable and applicable starting method.
star delta auto starter with forward reverse and motor protectionBHUPATI PRADHAN
It is a project on pure electrical engineering. Here three phase motor is starting from star to delta automatically by using some components.In other hand it also provide protection to the motor.
Automatic Star Delta Starter Using Relays And Adjustable Electronic Timer For...Edgefxkits & Solutions
The document describes an automatic star-delta starter circuit for induction motors using relays and an adjustable electronic timer. The circuit starts the motor in star configuration using three transformers, rectifiers and a 555 timer circuit to control four relays. After a preset time, the fourth relay switches the motor to delta configuration. It provides basic protection from voltage fluctuations and single phasing faults. The starter reduces starting current compared to direct online starting and is a low-cost solution, though it can be improved further with soft start capabilities.
Automatic Star Delta Starter using Relay and Adjustable Electronic Timer for ...IRJET Journal
This document describes an automatic star-delta starter for a 3-phase induction motor using relays and an adjustable electronic timer. The starter connects the motor windings in either star or delta configuration to reduce starting current. It uses relays controlled by a microcontroller timer to switch between configurations, keeping starting current low by operating in star mode for 3 seconds before switching to delta mode. This protects the motor from high inrush currents while allowing full-load current once started. Experimental results show that lamps connected to represent the motor windings glow dimly in star mode and brightly in delta mode, demonstrating the change in current flow successfully.
The document provides information on assessing the energy performance of motors and variable speed drives. It discusses methods for determining motor efficiency through no-load, locked rotor, and full load tests. It also covers factors that affect motor efficiency like loading, temperature, and stray losses. The document then discusses applications of variable speed drives and factors for successful implementation like torque requirements, efficiency, and power factor. Key points on evaluating energy savings with variable speed applications are also summarized.
This document discusses electrical drives. It defines an electrical drive as a system that uses an electric motor to control motion for various industrial processes. The key components of an electrical drive system are a power source, power modulator, controller, motor, sensing unit, and mechanical load. The power source provides energy, typically from a 3-phase AC supply. The power modulator interfaces the motor to the power source and provides adjustable voltage, current and frequency. Common types of power modulators include controlled rectifiers, inverters, AC voltage regulators, DC choppers, and cycloconverters. Electrical drives offer advantages like flexible control, easy starting and braking, wide speed and torque ranges, and no exhaust emissions.
This paper presents a design and development of 8/6 switched reluctance motor for small electric vehicle using analytical method. The absent of permanent magnet, inherent fault tolerance capabilities, simple and robust construction make this motor become more attractive for small electric vehicle application such as electric scooter and go-kart. The switched reluctance motor is modelled using analytical formula in designing process. Later, the designed model is analyzed using ANSYS RMxprt software. In order to achieve 5kW power rating and to match with the design requirement, the switched reluctance motor model has been analyzed using RMxprt tools for the preliminary parameters design process. This tools is able to predict the output performance of motor in term of speed, flux linkage characteristic, output torque and efficiency.
Electrical drive unit 1 as per IP university_EEEamrutapattnaik2
it is the complete Electrical Drive syllabus of the unit1. i 've tried a lot to merge everything in one PPT.it might be helpful for final year students.
i am also thankful to slideshare as I also collected all data and notes from this site too.
kindly share your suggestions for the improvement
COMMUNICATION AND CUSTOMER RELATIONS STRATEGY IN IMPROVING HOTEL GUESTS' SATI...IAEME Publication
The present study examines and analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the
communications and customer relationship strategies that have been developed by
public relations and individually simultaneously, influencing guests to visit at Hotels in
Samosir. The research population is Hotel managers located on Samosir Island with
saturated sample techniques where population units are sampled as a whole
Design, Modelling& Simulation of Double Sided Linear Segmented Switched Reluc...IOSR Journals
This document presents the design, modeling, and simulation of a double-sided linear segmented switched reluctance motor (LSSRM). The LSSRM is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show current, inductance, torque, and speed characteristics. A 6/4 LSSRM is designed and compared to a conventional SRM and segmented SRM (SSRM) of the same power rating. The LSSRM design uses concentric windings instead of full pitch windings, reducing copper usage and weight. Simulation results validate the LSSRM model and control strategy. The LSSRM provides higher torque than SRM and SSRM for the same frame size due to increased aligned inductance.
1. The document discusses electric drives and their components. Electric drives use electric motors as prime movers and include a power source, power modulator, motor, control unit, and sensing unit.
2. Power modulators can be converters, variable impedance circuits, or switching circuits. Converters provide adjustable voltage/current/frequency to control motor speed and torque. Variable impedance circuits and switching circuits are used to control motor parameters.
3. Electric drives are classified as individual drives, group drives, or multimotor drives depending on how many motors are used to drive different loads. Individual drives use one motor for all loads while group drives use one motor connected to multiple loads through pulleys. Multimotor
Analysis and control of four quadrant operation of three phase brushless dc (...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A NEW APPROACH TO DTC METHOD FOR BLDC MOTOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVEScscpconf
This paper proposes a new approach to direct torque control (DTC) method for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. In conventional DTC method, two main reference parameters are used as: flux and torque. In this paper, the new approach has been proposed to improve the BLDC motor dynamic performance. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on different working conditions.
A variable speed drive can save 20% to 50% depending on the operating cycle and average flow. Applying variable speed drives to ventilation systems creates 20% to 70% in energy savings!
The document discusses soft starters, which are electronic starters that control the voltage applied to three-phase induction motors during start up and shut down. Soft starters reduce mechanical and electrical stresses by gradually increasing voltage from 0% to 100% over an adjustable ramp time, rather than applying full voltage instantly. This allows the motor to accelerate smoothly and limits high starting currents that can damage equipment. Soft starters provide benefits like reduced component wear, maintenance needs, and power consumption compared to direct-on-line or star-delta starters.
Induction motors are AC motors that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy through electromagnetic induction. They are widely used in industry due to being rugged, reliable and economical. The speed of an induction motor is controlled either through the stator side by varying the supply frequency or voltage, or through the rotor side by adding external resistance or injecting slip frequency voltage. Modern variable speed drives allow induction motors to operate at variable speeds, providing benefits like energy savings and cost effectiveness.
Speed Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variationsijtsrd
Nowadays, Brushless DC motors are in high demand due to its high efficiency and other significant features. As there is no use of brushes, this type of motor is having many advantages like high torque to inertia ratio, high speed, and power density and low cost compared to conventional brushed motors. This paper determines speed torque characteristics of brushless dc motor with different load variation by using the proposed method and the developed controller. The variation in motor speed torque characteristics for half load, full load, and overloading condition is analyzed. This research has been conducted to analyze the model and compared with the simulation results which are very useful in studying the performance of motor system. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB Simulink environment. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Speed-Torque Characteristics of BLDC Motor with Load Variations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31197.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31197/speedtorque-characteristics-of-bldc-motor-with-load-variations/ishita-gupta
This document provides information about an AP Series pure sine wave inverter/charger, including:
1. Electrical specifications for the inverter, charger, and other features like overload capacity, charging stages, and power saver mode.
2. Mechanical drawings and descriptions of the unit and its inputs/outputs.
3. Installation instructions and safety precautions for siting, wiring, and working with batteries.
IRJET- Tap Changing using Solid State Devices for Single Phase TransformerIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a solid state tap changer for single phase transformers as an alternative to traditional mechanical tap changers. Mechanical tap changers cause problems like arcing, losses, degradation of transformer oil, and increased maintenance costs. A solid state tap changer uses power electronic devices like thyristors, IGBTs, and TRIACs arranged in an anti-parallel configuration to switch transformer taps without arcing. This eliminates switching losses and reduces the size of the tap changing mechanism. A microprocessor-based control unit regulates the output by triggering the electronic devices based on voltage and current feedback to maintain regulated output despite supply or load variations. Solid state tap changers provide benefits like fast switching, reduced size,
This document discusses different types of starters for 3-phase induction motors, including their operation and advantages/disadvantages. It describes stator resistance, auto-transformer, star-delta, rotor resistance, and direct online starters. The star-delta starter connects the motor in a star configuration at start to reduce voltage and current by 1/3, then switches to delta for run. The direct online starter connects the motor directly to full voltage, providing maximum torque but also maximum starting current of 6-8 times full load current. Variable frequency drives control motor speed by varying supply frequency and voltage.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDUCTION MOTOR STARTERS USING MATLAB SIMULINKIJARIIT
This paper presents a comparison between the Direct-On-Line (D.O.L.), and Soft Starter by using MATLAB Simulink .The purpose of this project is to find out the theoretical and actual characteristics of Induction motor. These three basic starting methods which different the irrespective wiring connection are the most applicable and widely-used starting method in the industrial area due to its economic reasons. This project is done by analyzing the characteristics during the motor starting by using the MATLAB Simulation to capture the waveforms of these events. After the Simulation, the three different starting method are being compared to conclude the most suitable and applicable starting method.
star delta auto starter with forward reverse and motor protectionBHUPATI PRADHAN
It is a project on pure electrical engineering. Here three phase motor is starting from star to delta automatically by using some components.In other hand it also provide protection to the motor.
Comparative Analysis of Different Methods of Starting Induction MotorIRJET Journal
This document compares different methods for starting induction motors, including direct online (DOL), star-delta, autotransformer, capacitor, and soft starting. It analyzes the current, torque, and speed characteristics of each method through simulations. The results show that no single method is universally better, as there is a tradeoff between factors like starting current, torque, speed, and cost for each approach. While DOL and capacitor starting produce high currents and torque but reach rated speed quickly, star-delta, autotransformer, and soft starting gradually increase current and torque but take longer to start. The document concludes that the optimal starting method depends on the specific application and power system constraints.
The document discusses various types of electric motors, including DC motors, induction motors, synchronous motors, and stepper motors. It provides information on their working principles, characteristics, and applications. Some key points covered are: DC series motors have high starting torque; stepper motors work in steps in response to input pulses; single-phase induction motors are commonly used in household fans; synchronous generators supply both active and reactive power while asynchronous generators only supply active power.
Investigation in Induction Motor Starting and Speed Control with Variable Fre...IRJET Journal
This document investigates induction motor starting and speed control using a variable frequency drive (VFD). It begins with an introduction to induction motors and why VFDs are commonly used for speed control. It then describes the components and operation of a basic VFD system, including the rectifier, DC link, and PWM inverter stages. The document presents the theoretical basis for induction motor speed control via frequency variation and discusses pulse width modulation techniques used in VFDs. Experimental results are referenced but not described. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of using a VFD for induction motor starting and variable speed control.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
This document provides information about different types of DC motor starters and AC motor starters. It discusses two point, three point, and four point starters for DC motors. It explains how each type protects the motor from high starting currents and overloads. It also covers various AC motor starting methods like auto transformer starting, star-delta starting, and direct online starting. Star-delta and auto transformer starting reduce the starting current by initially applying a lower voltage to the motor. Direct online starting applies full voltage but is only suitable for small motors due to the large starting currents involved.
Application and Performance of Switched Reluctance motor and Induction Motor ...IRJET Journal
This document compares the performance of four electric motors - induction motor, switched reluctance motor, axial flux permanent magnet brushless DC motor, and radial flux permanent magnet brushless DC motor - for use in a variable speed washing machine application. It derives the torque equations for each motor type and compares their torque per unit volume. The switched reluctance motor is found to have better performance and efficiency compared to the commonly used single phase induction motor for domestic applications. The document also discusses the advantages, disadvantages and applications of switched reluctance motors.
Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Induction Motor Drive for Agriculture Pu...IAES-IJPEDS
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a photovoltaic induction motor drive system for water pumping applications without using batteries. The system uses a two inductor boost converter (TIBC) with a hysteresis controller and snubber circuit to boost the output voltage of the PV panel. This converter drives a three-phase inverter that powers an induction motor. The converter is controlled using fixed duty cycle switching along with MPPT and V/F control of the inverter and motor. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the system can drive the motor at different speeds corresponding to changes in solar irradiation levels measured by PV current.
Minimization of Starting Torque and Inrush Current of Induction Motor by Diff...ijtsrd
Induction motors are considered nowadays the most commonly used electrical machines, which are mainly used as electrical induction motors and sometimes as generators. This is mainly due to the simplicity of composition, low price, light weight, high reliability, easy to command and control performance and not containing parts that could easily breakdown compared with DC machines and synchronous machines. Starting the IM is the most important and dangerous step, where the motor properties play a major role in the evaluation of all electrical motors, and these properties are defined by the following factors Starting torque. starting current. transient state. smoothness of the starting, simplicity and economics of starting. In this paper, three different methods of starting three phase Induction Motor are discussed and compared through curves of currents, torque, speed. These methods are Direct On Line, Auto Transformer, Star Delta, for a constant power load condition. Simulation is made in MATLAB SIMULINK and comparatively results are estimated to evaluate the best starting method for different range of induction motor rating. Suraj Grover | Mr. Mahesh Mankar ""Minimization of Starting Torque and Inrush Current of Induction Motor by Different Starting Methods using MATLAB/SIMULINK"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22935.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/22935/minimization-of-starting-torque-and-inrush-current-of-induction-motor-by-different-starting-methods-using-matlabsimulink/suraj-grover
Matlab simulation on chopper based speed control of dc motor: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a literature review on MATLAB simulation of chopper-based speed control of a DC motor. It describes how the speed of a DC motor below rated speed can be controlled by varying the armature voltage using a chopper converter in a closed-loop control system with a PI controller. The review covers DC chopper circuits, separately excited DC motors, modeling a DC motor drive system in MATLAB Simulink with a PI speed controller, and conclusions on simulating speed control of a DC motor using a chopper.
This document summarizes research on using a STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) to eliminate harmonics when a Singly Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) feeds single-phase or three-phase induction motor loads. The STATCOM is connected at the Point of Common Coupling to inject compensating currents and maintain sinusoidal source currents with less than 2% total harmonic distortion. Simulation results show the STATCOM successfully regulates the power factor near unity on the source side while reducing harmonics, even as the load draws non-sinusoidal currents with over 27% distortion. Both single-phase and three-phase induction motor loads were able to operate at constant speed and torque with the STATCOM compensation.
This document discusses different types of motor starters used for AC and DC motors. It describes the necessity of starters to limit inrush current and protect motors. The main types covered are DOL, star-delta, and autotransformer starters. It provides information on their wiring diagrams, motor starting characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, suitable motor sizes and applications. Current ratings for motors used with different starters are also included.
Interleaved Boost Converter Fed with PV for Induction Motor/Agricultural Appl...IAES-IJPEDS
In present Electricity market Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are gaining much importance. The most common Renewable Energy Sources are Photo voltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC) and wind energy systems, out of these three PV systems PV system can implemented in most of the locations. Due to the power cuts and power disturbances in Distribution systems agriculture application is concentrated on PV based Energy system. The use of PV system is increasing day by day in agriculture application, due to their ease of control and flexibility. PV Electrification schemes also involves various subsidies in government national and international donors. Especially in Agriculture field by use of PV one can achieve higher subsidy. The output of PV system is low voltage DC to have high efficiency. The motors used in agriculture field are Induction Motors (IM) fed from Three phase AC supply, to boost the PV output we need a high voltage gain boost converter along with PWM inverter to Induction motor drive. Out of various DC-DC converter configurations interleaved boost converter is gaining much attention, due to its reduction in size and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). In this work we are proposing a PV fed interleaved boost converter with PWM inverter for agriculture applications. The design process of interleaved boost converter is explain detail and compared with existing boost converter. A 10 KW Power rating is choosing for the Induction motor drive and design calculations are carried out. A MATLAB/SIMULINK based model is developed for boost and interleaved boost converter and simulation results are presented, finally a scaled down hardware circuit design for interleaved boost converter and results are presented.
Starting and speed control of induction motor.pptdatamboli
Induction motors can be started directly but this causes high starting currents. Methods to reduce starting current include adding resistance to the rotor circuit for wound rotor motors or using a starting circuit like an autotransformer or resistor bank starter. The starting current of a motor can be calculated from its rated power and code letter. Speed control methods for induction motors include changing the synchronous speed by varying frequency or voltage, or changing the slip by varying rotor resistance.
Speed Control of BLDC Motor with Four Quadrant Operation Using dsPICijsrd.com
Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives are becoming more popular in industrial and traction applications. Hence the control of BLDC motor in four quadrants is very vital. The flexibility of the drive system is increased using digital controller. In this paper the PWM signals for driving the power inverter bridge for BLDC motor have been successfully implemented using a dsPIC controller and the motor can be controlled in all the four quadrants without any loss of power .Energy is conserved during regenerative braking period. The digital controller dsPIC, is advantageous over other controller, as it combines the calculation capability of digital signal processor and controlling capability of PIC microcontroller to achieve a precise control. Simulation of the proposed model is done by using MATLAB/Simulink.
An induction motor starter is necessary to control the starting current and torque of the motor. There are different types of starters that can be used depending on the size of the motor, including DOL, star-delta, primary resistance, and auto transformer starters. A soft starter uses electronics to gradually increase the voltage applied to the motor during starting and stopping, reducing mechanical and electrical stresses on the system.
Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Direct Torque Control Method...ijtsrd
Escalator is useful and act in the important part to carry passengers to the targeted floors of building. Every escalator must be driven by its own motor and this motor speed must be controled. To drive escalator with a constant speed, direct torque control technique is used to drive three phase squirrel cage induction motor. In this paper, the development of speed control system for three phase squirrel cage induction motor using a direct torque control method is presented and simulation for proposed system is done with the help of MATLAB SIMULINK. Soe Sandar Aung | Thet Naing Htun "Speed Control System of Induction Motor by using Direct Torque Control Method used in Escalator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27903.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27903/speed-control-system-of-induction-motor-by-using-direct-torque-control-method-used-in-escalator/soe-sandar-aung
IRJET- A Review on - PMBLDC Motor Drive with Power Factor Correction ControllerIRJET Journal
This document reviews various techniques for power factor correction in brushless DC motor drives, including SEPIC converter, isolated-zeta converter, boost converter, four quadrant operation, Landsman converter, and BL-CSC converter. It discusses the operation and simulation results of each technique, comparing their performance in terms of percentage total harmonic distortion and power factor. The boost converter and isolated-zeta converter are highlighted as suitable for low power applications due to their ability to operate in discontinuous conduction mode with a single voltage sensor. Maintaining a high power factor is important to improve power quality at the AC supply.
1. The speed of a three-phase slip ring induction motor is controlled by varying the rotor resistance through an external resistor or converter cascade.
2. This method is only applicable for slip ring or wound rotor induction motors and allows variable speed control at constant torque. Increasing the rotor resistance decreases the motor speed.
3. The rotor resistance can be varied using either an external resistor, diode rectifier and DC chopper, or a voltage source inverter to control the effective resistance and thereby the motor speed. The slip power can be recovered by various drive topologies.
Similar to Energy Efficient Operation of Three Phase Induction Motor using Delstar Converter for Machine Tools (20)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
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converter efficiently. The behavior of the thyristor based reduced voltage starter inside a delta connected
induction motor is shown to be different when operated inside the delta than when operated in the AC
lines [6].
In most of the industries, the low rated induction motors are started normally with direct on line
(DOL), but when large motors are started with DOL starter, due to starting surge current, the supply line
voltage is disturbed. To limit the starting surge current, reduced voltage is given to induction motors at start
and then have full supply voltage when they run up to near rated speed. Comparison between the different
starting methods of induction motor in terms of power quality is to figure out the reliable starting method
which has the less power quality problems [7].
The reduction in cost of installation and less utilization of the system, it is important to reduce the
heavy inrush current at starting of induction motor without the loss of torque generation and it will enhance
the VA capability of the motor and improve the overall performance of the motor [8]. Efficient torque/current
characteristics are provided by STAR-DELTA, industries prefer STAR-DELTA starters for their application.
The large amounts of losses which occur at low speeds determine the users given by the wound rotor only for
starting. The losses specific to the additional rotor resistor are quite important while analyzing the
performance of the induction motor [9].
Industries will operate three phase induction motors at delta connection mode since machine runs
very efficiently when the machine under fully loaded condition. When the motor is loaded less than 40% of
the full load, it runs under inefficient energy zone. So, the induction motor will consume more power from
the supply side during partially loaded condition. In order to compensate the power consumption, the motor
load is virtually added by connecting stator winding from delta mode to star mode. If the load on the motor is
increased above 40% of full load current, winding connection automatically changes from star to delta for
efficient operation. The proposed converter is experimentally verified on three phase induction motor with
variable load.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
2.1. Existing System
Motor draws more current than the full load at the time of starting, resulting in burnout of motor
winding and / or starter. When DOL starter is used, because of high starting current, there is a big voltage dip
in the electrical installation and therefore DOL starter is not suitable for higher rating squirrel cage induction
motors. Significant energy wastage results reduced motor life. The system which exists is starting current
reduction and the starters at the time of start of motor is star-delta starter. The STAR-DELTA starter is used
at the time of starting only, not under running condition. The starter may be operated semi-automatically or
fully-automatically. The semi-automatic operation is done by the push button switch. Fully-automatic starter
is built with the timer which is used to change the STAR to DELTA connection after some predefined time.
The both types of STAR-DELTA starter changes the winding connection from STAR to DELTA, and it is
not possible to change the winding connection from the DELTA to STAR during running of induction motor.
This problem is overcome by employing proposed starter with induction motor which changes the winding
connection during both starting and running condition.
2.2. Explored Technology
The block diagram of the proposed delta-star-delta converter is shown in Figure 1. The converter is
to change the winding connection from STAR to DELTA and vice versa at the running condition of the
induction motor. The switching process is done according to the load variation of the motor at particular
instant. The construction of the converter is also similar to the starter with the small modification in the
circuit. It is an automatic converter and the automatic process is made by the microcontroller.
In the ancient system, there is no microcontroller available. Any one of the phase is taken for the
current sensing using current sensor. The sensor circuit continuously senses the load variation in the motor
and the output is produced according to the variation of load. When the load on the motor is less than 40% of
the full load rated current, the controller activates the STAR connected contactors, so that the motor can run
at STAR connection. When the load on the motor is above 40% of full load rated current, the controller
activates the DELTA connected contactors, so that the motor can run at DELTA connection. The converter
accurately operates for the pre-setting value of the current sensor. If the motor load current reaches to 41% of
the full load rated current the converter switches the motor from STAR to DELTA. And, if the motor load
current comes 39% of the full load current, the converter switches the motor from DELTA to STAR. The
converter can sense the current continuously so that the losses are reduced by maximum amount. Moreover,
the converter can also be used as star-delta starter.
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Figure 1. Block Diagram of Proposed System
3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
Hardware units are split into many sub units and each unit requires power supply to energize the
circuit.
Figure 2. Power Supply Unit for Relays and Microcontroller
+12V SPDT relay and +5V SPDT relay were used here. So that relay requires +12V supply and
+5V also for microcontroller unit. The LM7812 and LM7805 are the voltage regulators which is used to
regulate the output voltage of the bridge rectifier in Figure 2. Then the output is again filtered with the
capacitor. +24V power supply is used to energize the sensor unit. The current is sensed with the help current
transformer with buffer unit to adjust the current setting. This circuit is designed with the help of LM317k
voltage regulator in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Power Supply Unit for Current Sensor
Above the preset value, the transistor operates and relay gets energized so that microcontroller
switches the operation into DELTA mode. Microcontroller switches the operation into DELTA mode. The
conversion process takes minimal time in milli seconds and give accurate change over from STAR to
DELTA and vice versa. ULN2003 is a driver which drive the signal input from current sensor to the
microcontroller and also the STAR and DELTA contactor. The analog output from the microcontroller is not
suitable to operate the +12V relay. So the analog output of the microcontroller is changed from the +5V to
+12V with the help of driver unit as shown in Figure 4.
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Figure 4. Relay Driver Unit
The microcontroller is to control the switching of STAR or DELTA relay while the motor is under
the running condition. When the load is current is below the predefined value, the controller will energize the
STAR contactor and if the controller input is high, it will activate the DELTA contactor. The input and
output are enabled in the same port of the microcontroller. The pin 2 is enabled for STAR and the pin 3 is
enabled for DELTA. The mode of operation is displayed in the Liquid Crystal Display. XTAL1 and XTAL2
are the input and output respectively of an inverting amplifier which is used as a crystal oscillator in the
frequency range of 1.2 MHz to 12 MHz. The RESET circuit is connected with the microcontroller in pin 9.
The overall schematic of the control unit is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Schematic Diagram of the Controller Unit
The output of the relay driver is given to the relay coil for energizing. The output of the relay driver
unit is either 0V or 5V. The relay is connected in 15th pin of the driver IC. So, whenever the output of the
relay is +5V then the star contactors will be activated. The delta unit is also used to connect the motor with
the converter part. The relay/contactor wiring diagram for the star connected mode is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Wiring Diagram of Star Contactor
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The output of the delta relay driver unit is either 0V or 5V. So, whenever the output of the relay is +5V then
the delta contactor will be activated. The relay/contactor wiring diagram for the star connected mode is
shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Wiring Diagram of Delta Contactor
With the help of the above arrangements, the contactors change the winding connection from STAR
to DELTA and DELTA to STAR simultaneously while the motor is under running condition. The LCD
display unit will display the motor running condition and also the load current. LEDs are used to indicate the
status of the relays.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The converter is tested with 5HP squirrel cage induction motor by conducting simple brake test in laboratory.
The power factor of the machine is on par with the star for the same loading of the motor. The performance
of the induction motor is good in delta connection but only when the motor is under fully loaded condition.
Under no load or partially loaded condition, the motor operated in inefficient zone since machine consumes
more energy than star mode. The table given below proves that the converter can improve the efficiency of
the motor at the same time; it can reduce the energy consumed by the motor significantly. Table 1 shows
experimental data of proposed converter on 5 HP induction motor.
Table 1. Experimental Data of Proposed Converter on 5 HP Induction Motor
Load Current
A
Power Factor Output Power Watts
Input Power
Watts
% Efficiency
Delta Star Delta Star Delta Star Delta Star Delta Star
3.7 0.8 0.17 0.23 245 108 392 127 62.51 85.03
4.4 0.95 0.25 0.34 512 187 762.1 224 67.12 83.55
4.7 1.0 0.35 0.42 798 228 1140 291 70.01 78.30
4.8 2.8 0.68 0.65 1622 781 2261 1261 71.70 61.94
5.0 4.4 0.71 0.81 1798 1518 2459 2470 73.12 61.40
5.5 5.1 0.75 0.84 2147 1740 2858 2969 75.11 58.62
6.3 6.0 0.80 0.86 2658 1979 3498 3574 76.12 55.40
The tests conducted on a 5 HP motor with a full load current of 7.5 A, the energy savings on no load
is 67.6%, reduction in no load operating current is up to 79.4%, reduction in demand is 67.2% and
improvement in power factor 58%.
The load characteristic of the experimented induction motor is shown in Figure 8 which gives the
variation of the load current for every loading condition. As per the actual load characteristics, the load
current is smooth and less in star connected mode up to 35-50% of the load. Threshold value will be varied
according to the manufacturer and power rating of the machine. After 40% of the load, there is a sudden rise
in current which will reduce the performance of the machine and produces numerous vibration even though
load current is less than that of in actual delta mode. So, that to reduce the vibration and to improve the
performance, the winding connection needed to be change to delta.
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Figure 8. Load Characteristics of Motor on Delta and Star Winding Mode
Figure 9. Power Consumed by the Motor on Delta and Star Winding Mode for Varible load
The power consumption of the motor is plotted against percentage load of the motor as shown in
Figure 9. As per the winding connection, the power consumed by the machine keep changes against load.
When the load on the motor is nearly between 50-55% (varies depends on the manufacturers and ratings), the
power consumption of the motor is equal on both the modes but the consumption is reduced than the star
connected mode if changed to delta mode.
Figure 10. Energy Efficiency Characteristics
The energy saved by the motor and performance of the motor is plotted and discussed in figure 10.
The machine performance is fairly good in star connected mode up to 45% of the full load on the machine.
At 45% of the load, efficiency of the motor is same on both the modes of operation but delta connected mode
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
No
load
10% 25% 50% 65% 75% 85%LoadCurrentinAmpere
% of Load
DELTA
STAR
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
No
load
10% 25% 50% 65% 75% 85%
InputPowerinWatts
% of Load
DELTA
STAR
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
NOLOAD
10%
25%
50%
65%
75%
85%
%Efficiency
PowerConsumption
inWatts
% of Load
DELTA
STAR
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consumes more energy than that of star connected mode. If the load on the motor is greater than 45% of the
full load, the machine delivers high output power and also the efficiency of the machine is high. If the load is
above 65% of full load, delta connected mode consumes less energy than star connected mode.
Moreover, the load on motor is ≥45%, the saved energy by induction motors with star-delta-star
connection is greater than induction motors with thyristor controller. As per [1], the power consumption is
reduced in thyristor controlled induction motor only at load 50-60% of the rated load. However, the power
saving disappears at load ≥ 40% of the rated load, and the motor drive losses increase because of loss in
controller.
More than 80% of the induction motors are light loaded, in delta connection, stator winding half
phase voltage is reduced to 0.866 V, and the total loss is reduced. It is necessary to change one of two
possible connections, star connection or delta connection, on the mean value of the base load. From the result
shown in figure 10, the research concludes that the significant amount of energy is saved during partial load
to full load on the machine.
5. CONCLUSION
This work concluded that the star delta converter is very useful for all the kind of three phase
induction motors from smaller rating to the larger rating, the converter can be designed accordingly. In the
present days, the starters only used and it has low sensitivity. If the automatic star-delta-star converter is
replaces the conventional starter, the performance and hence the life time of the motors will be increased.
Since the converter can be operated at both starting and running time of the motor, it reduces the starting
current and reduces the losses during operation. The converter is designed and implemented with the simple
hardware units and it is very easy to install in most of the machine tools. The converters is very economical
and investment on the converter will be taken back within a year by saving energy which will reduce the
electricity bill. This converter will reach the market with cheaper cost soon and reduces the energy
consumption.
REFERENCES
[1] Ibrahim A. M. Abdel-Halim, et al., “A Novel Approach for the Analysis of a Thyristor-Controlled Induction
Motor”, Journal of Electrical Engineering, Romania, Volume 15, Edition 2: PP. 14-25, June 2015.
[2] L. Nagarajan, “Star Delta Starter using Soft Switch for Low Power Three Phase Induction Motors”, Australian
Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 21, Special 2015, pp. 175-178.
[3] Paul Krause, et al., “Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems”, 3rd
Edition, ISBN: 978-1-118-02429-4,
Wiley-IEEE Press, June 2013.
[4] Chapman S. J., “Electric Machinery Fundamentals”, Fifth Edition, Australia: McGraw-Hill Education, 2011,
pp. 307-403.
[5] Larabee J, et al., “Induction Motor Starting Methods and Issues”, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference,
2005, Industry Applications Society 52nd
Annual Conference, 12-14 September 2005, PP. 217-222.
[6] D. Gritter, et al., “Soft Starter inside Delta Motor Modeling and its Control”, Industry Applications Conference-
2000, Conference Record of 2000 IEEE, October 8–12, 2000, vol. 2, pp. 1137–1141.
[7] Phillip W. Rowland, “Low Impact Motor Control with Star-Delta Starting”, IEEE Annual Textile, Fiber and Film
Industry Technical Conference, 5-7 May 1998, PP. 10/1 - 10/9.
[8] Austin H. Bonnett, “The Benefits of Allowing for Increased Starting Current in AC Squirrel Cage Induction
Motors”, Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference, 1990, Record of Conference Papers, Industry Applications
Society 37th Annual conference, vol. 27, no. 6, 10-12 September 1990, pp. 1169-1174.
[9] Williams, A. Jack, et al., “Evaluating the Effects of Motor Starting on industrial and Commercial Power Systems”,
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. IA-14, no. 4, July 1978, pp. 292-305.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
PREMKUMAR M completed his Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical & Electronic Engineering
in Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, (SRIT), Coimbatore -641010, India. He also completed
his Master degree in Applied Electronics in Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
Currently, pursuing his Ph.D. in Anna University, Chennai. The author has presented many
Technical Papers in various National & International Conferences. Currently, he is working as an
Assistant Professor in Electrical & Electronics Engineering. His field of interest is Electrical
machines, Embedded systems, Renewable energy resources, Robotics, Electrical drives & Control
and Power electronics.
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Sowmya R received her B.E. in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Saranathan College of
Engineering, Tiruchirappalli, India in 2013 and M.Tech. in Energy Engineering from National
Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India, in 2015. She worked as an Assistant Professor/ Dept.
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Coimbatore, India for the academic year 2015-2016. She is currently working as an Assistant
Professor/Dept. of Power Engineering in GMR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajam,
India. Her research interest includes Control systems, Electric vehicle and Renewable Energy.