The document presents a study on the analysis and performance of a MIMO-OFDM system using BPSK modulation aimed at enhancing data rates and system capacity for next-generation communication systems. It discusses various techniques and mathematical models, comparing performance metrics such as Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for MIMO-OFDM configurations. The study also covers conclusions, future scopes, and applications of MIMO-OFDM technology in modern wireless communications.

1. “BER Analysis and Performance of MIMO-OFDM System using BPSK Modulation Scheme
For Next Generation Communication Systems”
Presented by: Mr. NIMAY CHANDRA GIRI
Dept. of ECE

2. CONTENTS
OBJECTIVE
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
MIMO TRANSMITTER & RECIEVER WITH RESULTS
BPSK SYSTEM
OFDM TECHNIQUE WITH RESULTS
MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM
SINGLE-CARRIER VS. MULTI-CARRIERS
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
PUBLICATION
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3. OBJECTIVE
•MIMOSystem:highdatarates&increasedcapacityofthesystem
•OFDMTechnique:reducedMultipathfading,ICIandISI& provideMulti-carrierOrthogonalSignals.
•BPSKModulation:Longdistancetransmission&usedineachblockofIDFT/IFFTofMIMO-OFDMmodelformappingdatastreams.
•InthisthesisWork,IcomparetheBERvs.SNRofMIMO-OFDMSystemusingBPSKmodulation,andperformanceofMIMO- OFDMsystemfor4Gnetworks.
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4. INTRODUCTION
MIMO-OFDMisahottopicintodaymodernwirelesscommunicationsinceallwirelesstechnologieslikePAN,LAN,W-LAN,MAN,W-MAN&WAN.
Inthe1980s,MIMO-OFDMhasbeenstudiedforhigh-speedtransmission.
MIMOSystemhavemultipleinputsandmultipleoutputsantennas.
•MultiplexingGain=>Spectralefficiencyincreases
•DiversityGain=>CombatsFading
•InterferenceReductionGain=>Capacityincreases
oOFDM=OrthogonalFDM(ItwasinventedduringWorldWar-II,1939-194580Hzoffrequencyused)
oOFDMisacombinationofModulation&Multiplexingtechniques.
•OFDM is a multicarrier block transmission system.
•Block of ‘N’ symbols are grouped and sent parallely.
•No interference among the data symbols sent in a block.
MIMOSystemandOFDMModulationTechnique
•Air-interface(ICI&ISI)solutions
•MoreFlexibility,Capacity&Efficiency
•More numbers of carriers
•Increase data rates and SNR with reducing BER.
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5. LITERATURE REVIEW
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Titleof Papers
Author’s name
Year
Work done
Performance analysis of various equalizer for ISI reduction in MIMO- OFDM system.
Yashvant Dhiwar, Rakesh Mandal
2014
ISI reduction using Equalizationtechnique (ZF, MMSE)
Analysis Of Reduction In
Complexity Of MIMO- OFDM System.
Sabitha Gauni, Kumar Ramamoorthy
2014
CFO estimation and correction by the help of ML estimator.
Design of MIMO OFDM SDM Systems for High Speed Data
Transmission
Betsy Jose, Mr. B. Satish Kumar
2014
BERreduction and high data rates by using 2*2 MIMO-OFDM system, MATLAB
BER analysis of various channel equalization in OFDM based MIMO CDMA system
Husnul Ajra,
Md. Zahid Hasan,
Md. Shohidul Islam
2014
using QO-STBC method forchannel equalization & BER reduction
Bit Error Rate Performance of BPSK Modulation and OFDM- BPSK with Rayleigh Multipath Channel
M. Divya
2013
BERperformance is analyzed using BPSK & OFDM-BPSK modulation technique

6. MIMO ANTENNAS CONFIGURATION
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Here MT transmit and MRreceive antennas with input data stream is S and output data stream is Y.
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7. MIMO SYSTEMMODEL
y= Hs+ ŋ
User data stream ‘y’
.
.
User data stream ‘s’
.
.
.
.
Channel
Matrix H
s1
s2
sMT
s
y1
y2
yMR
y
Transmitted vector
Received vector
.
.
h11
h21
Where
hijisaComplexGaussianrandomvariablethatmodelsfadinggainbetweentheithtransmitandjthreceiveantenna
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j

8. SHANNON’SCHANNELCAPACITY(C)
GivenaunitofBW(Hz),themaxerror-freetransmissionrateis
C=Blog2(1+SNR)bits/s/Hz
ForMIMOthecapacityisgivenbythefollowingequation:
WhereM(orN)istheminimumnumberoftransmittingantennas(NT)ornumberofreceivingantennas(NR),M=min(NT,NR).
HighDatarateAchieve
“ChannelCapacity(C)”
QualityMinimizeProbabilityofError(Pe)
Increaseefficiency
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C =M*B log2(1+SNR) bits/s/Hz
&
SNR= 10log10(Eb/N0)

9. MIMO CAPACITY
With increase number of antennas the capacity of the system also increases.
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2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
5
10
15
20
25
SNR(dB)
Capacity (bit/s/Hz)
MIMO Capacity
Shannon Capacity
MIMO, NT=NR=1
MIMO, NT=NR=2
MIMO, NT=NR=3
MIMO, NT=NR=4
Cn=n*C1

10. BER PERFORMANCEOFAMIMO SYSTEM
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11. BER ANALYSIS OF BPSK MODULATOR
Error Rate
Calculation
Tx
Rx
Error Rate
Calculation
0
0
Display
Bernoulli
Binary
Bernoulli Binary
Generator
BPSK
BPSK
Modulator
Baseband
BPSK
BPSK
Demodulator
Baseband
AWGN
AWGN
Channel
To generate random binary number(0 or 1) Bernoulli Binary Generator is used
in Simulink Model.
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12. RESULT ANALYSIS OF BPSK USINGMATLAB SIMULINK
SL. NO.
NAME OF PARAMETERS
DESCRIPTION
1.
Channel Type
AWGN
2.
ProbabilityError
0.5
3.
Initial seed
61
4.
Sample time
1
5.
Phase offset
0
6.
Signal to Noise Ratio
4.2 dB
7.
Input Signal Power
1
8.
Symbol Period
1
9.
Targetno. of Error
100
10.
Maximum no.Symbols
1e6
11
Modulation
BPSK
12
Error
0.076
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13. SINGLE CARRIER VS. MULTICARRIERS TRASMISSION
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Multi-carrier Modulation
Multi-carrier De-Modulation
Multi-carrier modulations that use orthogonal waveform for modulating the sub-carriers are called
orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) schemes.

14. ORTHOGONALFREQUENCYDIVISIONMULTIPLEXING(OFDM)
Sinceallthedataoneachofthesesubcarriersaretransmittedsimultaneously,=>'Multiplexing'.
Thisspacingprovidesthe“orthogonality”.
MostpopularsolutionforOFDMareMultipath,ICI&ISIbytransmittingtheDataparallelwithlongerperiod,Guardinterval&Cyclicprefix.
Alternatesolution:Multi-carrierModulation(MCM)wherechannelisbrokenupintosubbandsorsubcarriersuchthatthefadingovereachsubchannelbecomesflatthuseliminatingtheproblemofISI.
Multi carrier modulation=> FDMA & OFDM
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OFDMisatechnologythatwesplitawidefrequencybandintomanysmallfrequenciesandcarrydataontoeachofthesesubcarriers.Thisisthemeaningof'FrequencyDivision'.

15. HOW OFDM WORKS
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16. OFDM MATHEMATICS
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17. MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMMODEL
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18. OFDM INCELLULARSYSTEM
OFDM extends directly to MIMO channels with the IFFT/FFT and CP operations being performed at each of the transmit and receive antennas.
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19. MODULATIONANDMAPPING
BPSK-Modulation
16-QAM
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20. SERIES AND PARALLEL CONCEPT
In OFDM system design, the series and parallel converter to realize the concept of parallel data transmission.
It solves the Multipath Fading in the channel
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21. PILOTINSERTIONS/SUBCARRIERS
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It is a single frequency, transmitted over communication system for supervisory, control, synchronization the signal and help to carry the signal towards IFFT/IDFT in faster. It is inserted in Subcarrier of OFDM signals.

22. INTERFERENCES
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ICImeansthattheorthogonalitybetweendifferentsubchannelsorSub-carriersintheOFDMsignalisdestroyed/lossed.
ISIcausesthelossofOrthogonality.
ItisavoidedbyusingCuclicExtensionintheOFDMsignals.
ICICausedbyDelayspread> guardintervalorCP
Solution;CP>Pathdelayspread
ISIisinducedinasignalwhenitpassesthroughafrequency- selectiveChannel.
ItisavoidedbyusingGuardinterval(Tg)
By assuming the same data rate:
•For Single-carrier
Bs > Bc=> interference, ISI
(Frequency selective fading)
•Multicarrier
Bs < Bc => No interference (Flat fading)
Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI)
Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)
CP, Convert a linear convolution channel into a circular
convolution channel. CP overcome the Orthogonality losses of signal

23. REDUCTIONOFICI ANDISI INOFDM SYSTEM
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CP is the copy of the last portion of Data symbol, used to eliminate ICI & ISI avoid by guard interval (Tg)/CP OFDM symbols (Tg> Delay spread).
Signal in time domain

24. IFFT & FFT OPERATION
Timedomainsignalsarerepresentinfrequencydomain(Spectrum)fortransmitionofsignalintoair.ItcanbegeneratedbyFouriertransform.
IFFTatthetransmitter&FFTatthereceiverside.ThesehasfastercomputationascomparetoIDFT&DFT.
IFFTconvertsasignalfromfrequencytotimedomainwhereasFFTdoreverse.
IFFT&FFToperationensuresthatsub-carriersaredon'tinterferewitheachother.
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25. ORTHOGONALITY
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OFDMsystemsignalsareoverlapandorthogonaltooneanother.Asaresult, OFDMsystemsareabletomaximizespectralefficiencyandhighdataratewithoutcausingadjacentchannelinterference.Orthogonalityofcarriersislostwhenmultipathchannelsareinvolved.

26. BER ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF OFDM TECHNIQUE
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
BLUE LINE -after transmission & RED LINE –after demodulation
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Sample Number
Amplitude
Error = 0.0340 (OFDM)

27. OFDM PARAMETERSSTANDARDS
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28. BERVS.SNROFOFDMSYSTEMWITHBPSKSCHEME.
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Error= 0.0340 (OFDM)

29. BER OFOFDM SIMULATIONRESULTWITHBPSK
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These above value helps for BER Analysis and mapping of bit stream in OFDM system.

30. ADVANTAGES
•High data rates in wireless access
•High Quality of service
•More Flexibility, Capacity
•Spectral Efficient
•More numbers of carriers
•Interference reduction
•Maximum utilization of spectrum
•Coexistence with current and future systems
•Link reliability
•Sensitivity
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31. MIMO-OFDM STANDARDS& APPLICATIONS
IEEE 802.11n (MIMO) Systems
IEEE 802.11a (OFDM) Systems
IEEE 802.11a&g (WLAN) systems
IEEE 802.11a&b (WMAN) systems
IEEE 802.16a (WiMAX) systems
Wireless network
Use more frequency spectrum
Next generation network (4G)
Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, W-MAN
Digital-TV
Power-line control
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting)
DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting)
DMT (Discrete MultiTone systems)
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32. CONCLUSION
Inthisthesiswork,thebasicconceptsofaMIMO-OFDMsystemwithrelevantdesignandperformanceparametersintheoretical&practicalarestudied.ThegeneralizedblockdiagramofabasicMIMO-OFDMsystemwhichincludesanumberoftransmittingandreceivingantennasatthebothendstomaximizedataratesandefficiencyofthesystemhasbeenexplainedinbrief.Further,theBERisreducedandperformanceanalysisofMIMO-OFDMsystemswithBPSKmodulationhasbeencoveredinthisthesis.
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33. FUTURE SCOPE
TheBERperformanceofMIMO-OFDMsystemwithvariousequalizerscanbeoptimizedwithdifferentbio-inspiredoptimizationtechniques.
TheBERPerformanceofMIMO-OFDMsystemcanbeanalyzedbyusingChannelEstimation(LMS,RLSandRLMS) Algorithm.
PerformanceofMIMO-OFDMsystemcanbeapplicableinVideoBroadcasting,RadioProcessingandSpeechProcessinginWirelesscommunicationSystem.
MIMO-OFDMfor4GnetworkusingLTE,AdvancedLTE, Timespacecoding,MIMO-WiMAX,MIMO-OFDMLi-Fi…
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34. REFERENCES
[1]YashvantDhiwarandRakeshMandal,“PerformanceAnalysisofVariousEqualizersforISIreductioninMIMO-OFDMSystem,”InternationalJournalofResearchinAdventTechnology(IJRAT),vol.2,no.3,pp.16-20,March.2014.
[2]SabitaGauniandKumarRamamoorthy,“AnalysisofReductioninComplexityofMIMO-OFDMSystemswithFrequencyOffsetEstimationandcorrection,”JournalofComputerScience(JCS),Vol.10,No.2,pp.198-209,2014.
[3]BetsyJoseandMr.B.SatishKumar,“DesignofMIMO-OFDMSDMSystemsforHighSpeedDataTransmission,” InternationalJournalofInformation&ComputationTechnology(IJICT),Vol.4,No.1,pp.1-8,2014.
[4]H.Ajra,Md.ZahidHasan,andMd.ShohidulIslam,“BERAnalysisofVariousChannelEqualizationSchemesofaQO- STBCEncodedOFDMbasedMIMOCDMASystem,“InternationalJournalComputerNetworkandInformationSecurity(IJCNIS),Vol.3,No.4,pp.30-36,2014.
[5]Mr.AtulSubghKushwah,“PerformanceAnalysisof2*4MIMO-MC-CDMAinRayleighFadingChannelZF-decoder,” InternationalJournalofEngineeringTrendsandTechnology(IJETT),Vol.8,Issue4,pp.1-4,Feb.2014.
[6]Mr.SivanagarajuandDr.Siddaiah,”ComprehensiveAnalysisofBERandSNRinOFDMSystems,“InternationalJournalofInnovativeResearchinComputerandCommunicationEngineering(IJIRCCE),Vol.2,Issue2,pp.3059- 3065,Feb.2014.
[7]N.Achra,G.Mathur,andR.P.Yadav,”PerformanceAnalysisofMIMO-OFDMSystemforDifferentModulationSchemesunderVariousFadingChannels,“InternationalJournalofAdvancedResearchinComputerandCommunicationEngineering(IJARCCE),Vol.2,Issue5,pp.2098-2103,May.2013.
[8]S.KumarandDeepakKedia,”StudyandPerformanceAnalysisofaGeneralMIMO-OFDMSystemforNextGenerationCommunicationSystems,”InternationalJournalofElectronicsCommunicationandComputerTechnology(IJECCT),Vol.3,Issue5,pp.460-463,Sept.2013.
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35. REFERENCES
[9]M.Divya,“BERperformanceofBPSKmodulationandOFDM-BPSKwithRayleinghmultipathchannel,”IJEAT,vol.2, Issue4,pp.623-626,April.2013.
[10]P.WadhwaandG.Gupta,“BERAnalysis&ComparisonofDifferentEqualizationTechniquesforMIMO-OFDMSystem,”InternationalJournalofAdvancedResearchinComputerScienceandSoftwareEngineering(IJARCSE),Vol.3, Issue6,pp.1682-1688,June2013.
[11]M.AbuFaisal,M.HossainandShaikhE.Ulaah,“PerfomanceEvaluationofaAntennaMC-CDMASystemonColorImageTransmissionunderImplementationofVariousSignalDetectionTechniques,”InternationalJournalofAdvancedScienceandTechnology(IJAST),Vol.41,pp.71-82,April.2012.
[12]N.Sood,A.K.Sharma,andM.Uddin,“BERPerformanceofOFDM-BPSKandQPSKOverGeneralizedGammaFadingChannel,”InternationalJournalofComputerApplications(IJCA),Vol.3,No.6,pp.13-16,June2010.
[13]AmitavaGhoshandTimThomas,“LTE-Advanced:Nextgenerationwirelessbroadbandtechnology,”IEEETrans. commun.,pp.10-22,June2010.
[14]K.BenLetaiefandYingJun,“Dynamicmultiuserresourceallocationandadaptationforwirelesssystems,”IEEETrans. Commun.,vol.57,pp.38-47,Aug.2006.
[15]WeiZhangandXiangGenXia,“Space-time/frequencycodingforMIMO-OFDMinNextgenerationbroadbandwirelesssystems,”IEEEWirelessCommun.,pp.32-43,Aug.2007.
[16]HelmutBolcskelandETHZurich,”MIMO-OFDMwirelesssystems,”IEEEwirelesscommun.Vol.64,pp.31-37,Aug. 2006.
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36. PUBLICATION
NimayCh.Giri,RupanitaDasandSKMohammedAli,“BERAnalysisAndPerformanceOfMimo-ofdmSystemUsingBPSKModulationSchemeForNextGenerationCommunicationSystems,”InternationalJournalofEngineeringSciences&ResearchTechnology(IJESRT),Vol.3,Issue3,pp.1622-1629,March2014.
NimayChandraGiri,ShanazAmanandDebarajRana,“BERandPerformanceofMIMOSystemforWirelessCommunication,”EmergentTrendsinComputingandCommunication(ETCC),Vol.4,May2014.
NimayCh.Giri1,AnweshaSahoo2,J.R.Swain3,P.Kumar4,A.Nayak5,P. Debogoswami6“Capacity&PerformanceComparisonofSISOandMIMOSystemforNextGenerationNetwork(NGN),”IJARCET,Vol.3, Issue9,Sept.2014.
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37. THANK YOU
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38. ANY QUERY ?
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