This document presents a summary of a student's project on analyzing the performance of OFDM over AWGN and Rayleigh channels using MATLAB simulation. The project includes implementing an OFDM transmitter and receiver in MATLAB, transmitting serial data over AWGN and Rayleigh channels, and analyzing the bit error rate performance in both cases. The simulation results show that the bit error rate decreases rapidly with increasing signal-to-noise ratio for the AWGN channel, while it decreases more slowly for the Rayleigh channel. The performance analysis verifies the effectiveness of OFDM transmission over wireless channels.
Satellite Link Design:
EIRP, Transmission Losses, Free-space transmission, System noise temperature and G/T ratio, Noise figure, Design of downlinks, Design of uplink, Design of specified C/N: combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, Overall C/No, Link design procedure.
Satellite Link Design:
EIRP, Transmission Losses, Free-space transmission, System noise temperature and G/T ratio, Noise figure, Design of downlinks, Design of uplink, Design of specified C/N: combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, Overall C/No, Link design procedure.
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)
its orthogonal frequency multiplexing topic basicallly in digital signal processing , network signal and system , it also helpful in engineering course either electrical or electronics and communication engineering.
A dipole antenna is the simplest antenna but its radiation characteristics are very good. The main drawback of a dipole antenna is very narrow bandwidth. The analysis of a dipole antenna can be performed with integration of Hertzian dipoles.
There are many types of wireless channel impairments such as noise, path loss, shadowing, and fading and impairment Mitigation techniques should be adopted according to system requirements and channel environments.
Design Ofdm System And Remove Nonlinear Distortion In OFDM Signal At Transmit...Rupesh Sharma
although OFDM seems to be a solution to keep up with
the demand of increasing data rates, it has some drawbacks.
Sensitivity to high PAPR is the most significant of these
drawbacks. The main objective of this paper was to investigate
and document the effects of PAPR on the performance of OFDM
based digital communications under different channel conditions.
A step-by-step approach was adopted in order to achieve the
objective of this paper. The first step is to provide a basic
background on the principles of OFDM. The reasons for the
PAPR and a theoretical analysis of these effects on OFDM
systems are documented. The OFDM system has a high peak-toaverage
power ratio (PAPR) that can cause unwanted saturation
in the power amplifiers, leading to in-band distortion and out-ofband
radiation. To be able to observe the system behavior, the
simulation results for different channel models are presented in
graphical form. Next, the simulation results obtained in this work
are compared to the simulation results reported in related studies
This introduction illustrates an OFDM data transmission using example values. Initially a pilot sequence initializes the equalizer according to the frequency-selective channel. Then a data sequence forming an OFDM symbol is sent and can be detected ISI-free.
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)
its orthogonal frequency multiplexing topic basicallly in digital signal processing , network signal and system , it also helpful in engineering course either electrical or electronics and communication engineering.
A dipole antenna is the simplest antenna but its radiation characteristics are very good. The main drawback of a dipole antenna is very narrow bandwidth. The analysis of a dipole antenna can be performed with integration of Hertzian dipoles.
There are many types of wireless channel impairments such as noise, path loss, shadowing, and fading and impairment Mitigation techniques should be adopted according to system requirements and channel environments.
Design Ofdm System And Remove Nonlinear Distortion In OFDM Signal At Transmit...Rupesh Sharma
although OFDM seems to be a solution to keep up with
the demand of increasing data rates, it has some drawbacks.
Sensitivity to high PAPR is the most significant of these
drawbacks. The main objective of this paper was to investigate
and document the effects of PAPR on the performance of OFDM
based digital communications under different channel conditions.
A step-by-step approach was adopted in order to achieve the
objective of this paper. The first step is to provide a basic
background on the principles of OFDM. The reasons for the
PAPR and a theoretical analysis of these effects on OFDM
systems are documented. The OFDM system has a high peak-toaverage
power ratio (PAPR) that can cause unwanted saturation
in the power amplifiers, leading to in-band distortion and out-ofband
radiation. To be able to observe the system behavior, the
simulation results for different channel models are presented in
graphical form. Next, the simulation results obtained in this work
are compared to the simulation results reported in related studies
This introduction illustrates an OFDM data transmission using example values. Initially a pilot sequence initializes the equalizer according to the frequency-selective channel. Then a data sequence forming an OFDM symbol is sent and can be detected ISI-free.
In this slide deck we cover:
- Understanding the relationship between OFDM theory and practice
- Starting from a Matlab script through to automatic HDL code/bitstream generation
- Introduction to Nutaq’s PicoSDR hardware and software
- Creating host applications to exchange data with the PicoSDR in real-time
Multiuser MIMO-OFDM simulation framework in MatlabPavel Loskot
Simulation framework for multiuser MIMO-OFDM over multipath fading channels. Also created a C-like pre-processor in Matlab to add flexibility in configuring the simulation prior its run.
In a communications system, the channel is affected by an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)
and a fading due to a distance between a transmitter and a receiver. Especially, there are many kinds of
channel fadings. Depending on the moving speeds of transmitters or receivers, a fading type can be a slow
fading or a fast fading (i.e., the product of 0.1 and coherence time than smaller or larger than the symbol
period of signal are corresponding to fast and slow fadings). Moreover, a channel can be referred as a
selective fading or a flat fading corresponding to the product of 0.1 and coherence bandwidth than smaller
or larger than the bandwidth of signal. These above effects can suffer received signals at a destination.
Hence the performance of received signals in term of bit-error-rate (BER) is much degraded.
In order to overcome these issues, communications systems would be carefully designed. In detail,
application systems operating over the AWGN channels would use coding schemes to combat an additive
white noise. However, if environment is affected by fading, coding techniques only solve a fast fading.
It implies that, coding schemes degrade received signals when they go through slow fading channels. In
this case, an interleaving technique would be added to a communications system. In order to overcome
the fading channels, besides, using an interleaver as above, we can exploit the diversity of multi-path. It
implies that the effects of fading can be combated by transmitting the original signals over multiple paths
(experiencing independent fading) and then combining all received signals at the receiver. There are many
kinds of diversities to mitigate this issue, such as diversity in time, frequency, and space. Correspondingly,
a lot of state-of-art methods are given, viz. diversity receiving and transmitting, OFDM, space-time block
codes, MIMO, Cooperation and etc.
In summary, the main scope of this report is modeling a communications system. First, I create a
basic communications system, where it includes the modulation/demodulation using a QPSK modulation,
a channel type is an AWGN channel. Secondly, a coder/decoder scheme is added to a transmitter/receiver to
improve received signals. Thirdly, the fading channel is considered when a receiver/transmitter is moving.
It means that the slow fading is mentioned. The performance is shown to prove that the received signal
2
is degraded whether a coding scheme is used or not. Finally, an interleaver/deinterleaver is used to solve
this problem.
Besides, the performance in terms of BER is used to verify a validity of these above techniques in a
communications system.
This MATLAB section of source code covers MATLAB based projects.
Download free source code viz. FIR,IIR,scrambler,interleaver,FFT,convolution,correlation,interpolation,decimation,CRC,impairments,data type conversions and more.
RS encoder,convolutional encoder,viterbi decoder,OFDM,OFDMA,MIMO is also covered.WiMAX,WLAN,LTE source codes are also provided.
I am an optimistic and diligent individual who has a positive attitude towards life and believes in learning new things.I want to pursue my innovative and creative approach to an organization where I can learn as well as implement my knowledge and skills in research and development in the field of Biotechnology.
Analysis Of Ofdm Parameters Using Cyclostationary Spectrum SensingOmer Ali
Defining Software Defined Radios, Cognitive Radios, the need for spectrum sensing and an insight on the Cyclostationary parameters that better help in feature detection in Cognitive Radios
This report discusses the planning Associate in
nursing the implementation of an OFDM system
in several information module schemes like MQPSK,
M-QAM. First, a short introduction is
provided by explaining the background and the
specification of the project. Then the report deals
with the system model, every block of the OFDM
system is represented (IFFT, FFT, Cyclic prefix,
modulation / reception, Channel estimation, bit
error rate). System design is analyzed. The
transmission techniques, further because the
system parameters for transmission and reception
are explained well. Finally, the results are
provided.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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Ofdm performance analysis
1. “Performance analysis of OFDM over AWGN and
Rayleigh channels”
Presented By: Saroj Dhakal
068/MSI/618
IOE, Pulchowk campus
Date: 2069/6/25
2. Presentation outlines
• Introduction
• Objective of the project
• OFDM Transmitter block
• Serial data transmission via channel
• Receiver section of OFDM
• Simulation outcomes for AWGN channel
• Simulation outcomes for Rayleigh channel
• Future enhancement
• Conclusion
• References
3. Introduction
What is OFDM?
• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
• uses multiple sub-carriers but the sub-carriers are closely
spaced to each other without causing interference,
removing guard bands between adjacent sub carriers, all
the sub carriers are orthogonal to each other
• Two periodic signals are orthogonal when the integral of
their product, over one period, is equal to zero
4. Why OFDM?
• In a classical parallel data system, the total signal
frequency band is divided into N non overlapping
frequency sub channels. Each sub channel is modulated
with a separate symbol and then the N sub channels are
frequency-multiplexed
• Results in High Bandwidth occupancy, Inter symbol
interference(ISI) and multipath fading
5. Why OFDM contd…
• A special case of multicarrier transmission, where a
single data stream is transmitted over a number of lower
rate subcarriers which are orthogonal to each other
Serial To
parallel
converter
Symbol
mapper
Symbol
mapper
Symbol
mapper
g(t)
g(t)
g(t)
R/N bps
R/N bps
R/N bps
So
S1
Sn-1
cos(2πfot)
cos(2πf1t)
cos(2πfN-1t)
R bps
9. Digital data source
• Initial parameter needed to be defined for data generation
• Number of bits per frame
• Number of data frames
% Generating and coding data
BPF=2*52; % Number of bits per
frame
NoF=10^4; % Number of Frame
tx_data=randint(1,NoF*BPF);
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 4Bit 3 2X52X104 Bits
10. Serial to parallel conversion
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
1 0
1 0
1 1
0 0
0 1
0 1
1 1
0 0
1 0
1 0
Serial Data
Parallel
Data
% Framing before modulation
creating modulation symbol using
n-bit pattern
fbfm_data=reshape(aint_data,bp
_symbol,(1/Rc)*BPF*NoF*(1/bp_
symbol));
afbfm_data=fbfm_data';
12. Preparation for pilot insertion and padding
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Parameter for IFFT
• Number of data
subcarrier= 48
• Pilot subcarrier =4
• Zero padding =12
- - - - - - - - -
Input symbol frame 1
Input symbol frame 2
Input symbol frame 3
Input symbol frame 10^4
dfmod_data=reshape(mod_data,1,(1/Rc)*BPF*NoF*(1/bp_symbol));
%%
%16-QAM symbol framing for ODQM symbol formation
par_data=(reshape(dfmod_data,NoDsc,NoF)).';
17. Parallel to serial conversion
1 1
1 0
0 0
1 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
Parallel data
streams
Serial data conversion
Conversion can be
done by using matlab
function reshape
22. Future Enhancements
• To be analyzed for other different channel like Nakagami,
Rice channel etc
• Level of SNR can be maximized and more BER analysis
for larger range can be performed
23. Conclusion
• Simulation result closely resembles analytical result
• Thus the BER rapidly decreased with increase in SNR in
case of AWGN channel
• Similarly in Rayleigh channel BER slowly decreased with
increased in SNR very quickly
• Hence the BER Versus SNR curve gives the performance
analysis of OFDM over the AWGN and Rayleigh channel
24. References
• Nick LaSorte, W. Justin Barnes, Hazem H. Refai, Member,
IEEE, The History of Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing
• Acosta, Guillermo, OFDM Simulation Using MATLAB, 2000.
• Dr. Jean Armstrong, OFDM – Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing Department of Electronic Engineering La Trobe
University
• Marcos Majo, Design and implementation of an OFDM-based
communication System for the GNU Radio platform, Master
Thesis, University of Stuttgart Germany.
• Edan Bolat, Study of OFDM Performance over AWGN
Channel, Eastern Mediterranean University, 2003.
• Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, 3G Evolution for HSPA and LTE
for mobile Broadband