Performance comparison of two clipping based filtering methods for papr reduc...ijmnct
The growth of wireless communication technologies has been producing the intense demand for high-speed,
efficient, reliable voice & data communication. As a result, third generation partnership project (3GPP)
has implemented next generation wireless communication technology long term evolution (LTE) which is
designed to increase the capacity and speed of existing mobile telephone & data networks. LTE has
adopted a multicarrier transmission technique known as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM). OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for
very wide carriers. One major generic problem of OFDM technique is high peak to average power ratio
(PAPR) which is defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. A
trade-off is necessary for reducing PAPR with increasing bit error rate (BER), computational complexity or
data rate loss etc. In this paper, two clipping based filtering methods have been implemented & also
analyzed their modulation effects on reducing PAPR.
Analyses and performance of techniques papr reduction for stbc mimo ofdm syst...ijwmn
An OFDM system is combined with multiple-input mult
iple-output (MIMO) in order to increase the
diversity gain and system capacity over the time va
riant frequency-selective channels. However, a maj
or
drawback of MIMO-OFDM system is that the transmitte
d signals on different antennas might exhibit high
peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).In this paper, w
e present a PAPR analysis reduction of space-time-
block-coded (STBC) MIMO-OFDM system for 4G wireless
networks. Several techniques have been used to
reduce the PAPR of the (STBC) MIMOOFDM system: clip
ping and filtering, partial transmit sequence
(PTS) and selected mapping (SLM). Simulation result
s show that clipping and filtering provides a bette
r
PAPR reduction than the others methods and only SLM
technique conserve the PAPR reduction in
reception part of signal.
A Potent MIMO–OFDM System Designed for Optimum BER and its Performance Anal...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Design of 4x4 optical MIMO using spatial ModulationSachin Talakeri
Utilizing illuminating LED arrays for visible light communication (VLC) in an indoor environment, an optical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system has intrigued great interest. In order to increase the potential VLC data rates, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been proposed. MIMO schemes show the spectral efficiency improvement using spatial modulation
Spectrally efficient multicarrier modulation system for visible light communi...IJECEIAES
Visible Light Communication (VLC) has become an accolade to its radio frequency counterpart. In VLC system, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has drawn much attention, because of simple equalization, high spectral efficiency, high data rate and robustness to intersymbol interference (ISI). Besides, there are emerging applications that ought to be gotten with low latency and high reliability. To diminish power requirements with no transmission capacity extension, Trellis coded modulation (TCM) is utilized as a part of the framework in which the free distance of trellis diagram is equivalent to the minimum distance between the points of constellation focuses in partitioned subsets, which augments the coding gain up i.e. the performance parameter viably. TCM together with VLC-OFDM enhances the transmission execution in reasonable frameworks. In this paper, we propose OFDM which is based on TCM and is planned and exeuted for digitized OFDM frameworks by presenting delta sigma modulation (DSM) considering VLC channel. Simulation results show that the proposed TCM based VLC-OFDM offers incredible robustness against noises and nonlinear degradation.
Performance comparison of two clipping based filtering methods for papr reduc...ijmnct
The growth of wireless communication technologies has been producing the intense demand for high-speed,
efficient, reliable voice & data communication. As a result, third generation partnership project (3GPP)
has implemented next generation wireless communication technology long term evolution (LTE) which is
designed to increase the capacity and speed of existing mobile telephone & data networks. LTE has
adopted a multicarrier transmission technique known as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM). OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for
very wide carriers. One major generic problem of OFDM technique is high peak to average power ratio
(PAPR) which is defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of the OFDM signal. A
trade-off is necessary for reducing PAPR with increasing bit error rate (BER), computational complexity or
data rate loss etc. In this paper, two clipping based filtering methods have been implemented & also
analyzed their modulation effects on reducing PAPR.
Analyses and performance of techniques papr reduction for stbc mimo ofdm syst...ijwmn
An OFDM system is combined with multiple-input mult
iple-output (MIMO) in order to increase the
diversity gain and system capacity over the time va
riant frequency-selective channels. However, a maj
or
drawback of MIMO-OFDM system is that the transmitte
d signals on different antennas might exhibit high
peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).In this paper, w
e present a PAPR analysis reduction of space-time-
block-coded (STBC) MIMO-OFDM system for 4G wireless
networks. Several techniques have been used to
reduce the PAPR of the (STBC) MIMOOFDM system: clip
ping and filtering, partial transmit sequence
(PTS) and selected mapping (SLM). Simulation result
s show that clipping and filtering provides a bette
r
PAPR reduction than the others methods and only SLM
technique conserve the PAPR reduction in
reception part of signal.
A Potent MIMO–OFDM System Designed for Optimum BER and its Performance Anal...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Design of 4x4 optical MIMO using spatial ModulationSachin Talakeri
Utilizing illuminating LED arrays for visible light communication (VLC) in an indoor environment, an optical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system has intrigued great interest. In order to increase the potential VLC data rates, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have been proposed. MIMO schemes show the spectral efficiency improvement using spatial modulation
Spectrally efficient multicarrier modulation system for visible light communi...IJECEIAES
Visible Light Communication (VLC) has become an accolade to its radio frequency counterpart. In VLC system, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has drawn much attention, because of simple equalization, high spectral efficiency, high data rate and robustness to intersymbol interference (ISI). Besides, there are emerging applications that ought to be gotten with low latency and high reliability. To diminish power requirements with no transmission capacity extension, Trellis coded modulation (TCM) is utilized as a part of the framework in which the free distance of trellis diagram is equivalent to the minimum distance between the points of constellation focuses in partitioned subsets, which augments the coding gain up i.e. the performance parameter viably. TCM together with VLC-OFDM enhances the transmission execution in reasonable frameworks. In this paper, we propose OFDM which is based on TCM and is planned and exeuted for digitized OFDM frameworks by presenting delta sigma modulation (DSM) considering VLC channel. Simulation results show that the proposed TCM based VLC-OFDM offers incredible robustness against noises and nonlinear degradation.
Reducing the Peak to Average Power Ratio of Mimo-Ofdm SystemsIJCNCJournal
In this paper, we proposed a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based partial transmit sequence (PTS)
technique in order to achieve the lowest Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR) in Multiple Input Multiple
Output- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. Our approach consist of
applying the PSO based PTS on each antenna of the system in order to find the optimal phase factors,
which is a straightforward method to get the minimum PAPR in such a system. The simulation results
demonstrate that the PSO based PTS algorithm when applied to MIMO-OFDM systems with a wide range
of phase factors, tends to give a high performance. In addition, there is no need to increase the number of
particles of the PSO algorithm to enhance the performance of the system. As a result of this, the complexity
of finding the minimum PAPR is kept at a reasonable level.
Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System Using QOSTBC Code Structure for M-PSKCSCJournals
MIMO-OFDM system has been currently recognized as one of the most competitive technology for 4G mobile wireless systems. MIMO-OFDM system can compensate for the lacks of MIMO systems and give play to the advantages of OFDM system. In this paper, a general Quasi orthogonal space time block code (QOSTBC) structure is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output–orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems for 4X4 antenna configuration. The signal detection technology used in this paper for MIMO-OFDM system is Zero-Forcing Equalization (linear detection technique). In this paper the analysis of high level of modulations (i.e. M-PSK for different values of M) on MIMO-OFDM system is presented. Here AWGN and Rayleigh channels have been used for analysis purpose and their effect on BER for high data rates have been presented. The proposed MIMO-OFDM system with QOSTBC using 4X4 antenna configuration has better performance in terms of BER vs SNR than the other systems.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Performance evaluation on the basis of bit error rate for different order of ...ijmnct
Today, we have required to accommodate a large number of users under a single base station. This can be
possible only if we have some flexibility over the spectrum. Previously we have lots of multiplexing methods
to accommodate large number of signals in time and frequency domain. But now we have required to
accommodate a large number of users in the same bandwidth, without any fading over the received signal.
So, orthogonality can be maintained over the frequency response. This technology is now more popular in
the mobile communication domain, called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Actually
user data can be converted into the parallel form and then they are modulated using digital modulation
techniques. Finally, they have followed by OFDM Modulator and cyclic prefix can be inserted into the
OFDM symbols. Here, I have worked on the measurement of Bit error rate for different modulation
techniques in OFDM technology. It has been considered that subchannel size is not constant. According to
that I have concluded the overall idea regarding the performance under OFDM technology.
Comparison of Various Waveform Contenders of 5G Wireless Communication Based ...ijtsrd
This paper presents an extensive and fair comparison among the most promising waveform contenders for the 5G air interface which includes- Filtered OFDM, Filter-bank multi carrier (FBMC), universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) has been compared with OFDM in terms of spectral efficiency and bit error rate using mat lab. The disadvantages of OFDM have been addressed and it has shown that (fofdm), (UFMC), (FBMC) could be a more effective solution. FBMC is a method for improving out of band (OOB) characteristics by filtering each subcarrier, it is also expected to improve the Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) characteristics while UFMC is a method for improving OOB characteristics by filtering each block. Raksha Vishnoi | Saurabh Gaur | Ashish Verma"Comparison of Various Waveform Contenders of 5G Wireless Communication Based on OFDM" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15637.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/15637/comparison-of-various-waveform-contenders-of-5g-wireless-communication-based-on-ofdm/raksha-vishnoi
An Efficient Performance of Mimo - Ofdm Based Cognitieve Radio System for Arr...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The wireless channel is central within this context, thus estimating the channel is the key to make CR operational, taking in consideration that the transmission-reception technology is available. In this thesis, we design a MIMO system using OFDM modulation technology to transmit and receive two signals over the mobile wireless channel. First formulate the pilot design as a new optimization problem. We use MIMO concept to enhance system capacity and robustness of the wireless transmission. In Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) based cognitive radio (CR) systems, with the increasing demand for data rate and reliability in Wireless communicationsand devices, several issues become very important like bandwidth efficiency, quality of service and radio coverage. In this new scheme, adaptive arrays are group-selected in the spatial domain. Simulation shows that the proposed system can get significant performance improvements over the conventional array based OFDM systems over frequency-selective multipath fading channels with cognitive radio (CR) system. Keywords: Cognitive radios, MIMO, OFDM, and Joint transmit and receive group selected arrays.
MIMO channels: optimizing throughput and reducing outage by increasing multip...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The two main aims of deploying multiple input multiple out (MIMO) are to achieve spatial diversity (improves channel reliability) and spatial multiplexing (increase data throughput). Achieving both in a given system is impossible for now, and a trade-off has to be reached as they may be conflicting objectives. The basic concept of multiplexing: divide (multiplex) transmit a data stream several branches and transmit via several (independent) channels. In this paper, we focused mainly on achieving spatial multiplexing by modeling the channel using the diagonal Bell Labs space time scheme (D-BLAST) and the vertical Bell Labs space time architecture (V-BLAST) Matlab simulations results were a lso given to further compare the advantages of spatial multiplexing.
SECURED TEXT MESSAGE TRANSMISSION IN PRE -CHANNEL EQUALIZATION BASED MIMO- OF...IJNSA Journal
In this paper, we made a comprehensive performance evaluative study of a secured MIMO Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing wireless communication system with implementation of two pre channel equalization techniques such as Pre-Minimum Mean Square Error (Pre-MMSE) and Pre-Zero
Forcing(Pre-ZF) under QPSK and QAM digital modulations. The simulated system deploys three channel coding techniques(1/2-rated Convolutional, CRC and BCH). In the present simulated system, text message transmission has been secured with concatenated implementation of Electronic Codebook (ECB)
and Cipher Feedback(CFB) cryptographic algorithm. It is remarked from simulation results that the MIMO OFDM system outperforms with pre-ZF channel equalization,QAM digital modulation and BCH channel coding schemes under fading channels(AWGN and Raleigh).In Pre-MMSE/pre-ZF channel
equalization scheme, the system shows comparatively worst performance in convolutional channel coding scheme with QAM/QPSK digital modulation. With increase in noise power as compared to signal power, the system is found to have shown performance deterioration
A Potent MIMO–OFDM System Designed for Optimum BER and its Performance Anal...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Multicarrier modulation can be implemented by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) to achieve utmost bandwidth exploitation and soaring alleviation attributes profile besides multipath fading. To support delay sensitive and band bandwidth demanding multimedia applications and internet services, MIMO in addition with other techniques can be used to achieve high capacity and reliability. To obtain high spatial rate by transmitting data on several antennas by using MIMO with OFDM results in reducing error recovery features and the equalization complexities arise by sending data on varying frequency levels. Three parameters frequency OFDM, Spatial (MIMO) and time (STC) can be used to achieve diversity in MIMO-OFDM. This technique is dynamic and well-known for services of wireless broadband access. MIMO if used with OFDM is highly beneficial for each scheme and provides high throughput. There are several space time block codes to exploit MIMO OFDM; one of the techniques is called Alamouti Codes. The paper investigates adaptive Alamouti Codes and their application in IEEE 802.11n.
TECHNIQUES IN PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF MOBILE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM...Onyebuchi nosiri
Mobile wireless communication providers are expected by their numerous subscribers to provide network that can allow higher data rates, and good voice quality. However, this may be restricted due to some technical problems such as limited availability of radio frequency spectrum, bandwidth, channel capacity, geographical areas and transmission problems caused by various factors like fading and multipath distortion. All these lead to overall system performance degradation. This has led to various studies on how improvement on the performance of wireless communication can be realized using different techniques. This paper is a review of some scholarly works on this subject. To achieve this some recent scholarly articles were accessed online and their findings were highlighted. It was observed that all the articles reviewed had results drawn only from theoretical analysis. Based on this, one of the recommendations is that theoretical analysis should be supported with data obtained from carrying out RF measurements in the field where possible.
Reducing the Peak to Average Power Ratio of Mimo-Ofdm SystemsIJCNCJournal
In this paper, we proposed a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based partial transmit sequence (PTS)
technique in order to achieve the lowest Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR) in Multiple Input Multiple
Output- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. Our approach consist of
applying the PSO based PTS on each antenna of the system in order to find the optimal phase factors,
which is a straightforward method to get the minimum PAPR in such a system. The simulation results
demonstrate that the PSO based PTS algorithm when applied to MIMO-OFDM systems with a wide range
of phase factors, tends to give a high performance. In addition, there is no need to increase the number of
particles of the PSO algorithm to enhance the performance of the system. As a result of this, the complexity
of finding the minimum PAPR is kept at a reasonable level.
Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System Using QOSTBC Code Structure for M-PSKCSCJournals
MIMO-OFDM system has been currently recognized as one of the most competitive technology for 4G mobile wireless systems. MIMO-OFDM system can compensate for the lacks of MIMO systems and give play to the advantages of OFDM system. In this paper, a general Quasi orthogonal space time block code (QOSTBC) structure is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output–orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems for 4X4 antenna configuration. The signal detection technology used in this paper for MIMO-OFDM system is Zero-Forcing Equalization (linear detection technique). In this paper the analysis of high level of modulations (i.e. M-PSK for different values of M) on MIMO-OFDM system is presented. Here AWGN and Rayleigh channels have been used for analysis purpose and their effect on BER for high data rates have been presented. The proposed MIMO-OFDM system with QOSTBC using 4X4 antenna configuration has better performance in terms of BER vs SNR than the other systems.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Performance evaluation on the basis of bit error rate for different order of ...ijmnct
Today, we have required to accommodate a large number of users under a single base station. This can be
possible only if we have some flexibility over the spectrum. Previously we have lots of multiplexing methods
to accommodate large number of signals in time and frequency domain. But now we have required to
accommodate a large number of users in the same bandwidth, without any fading over the received signal.
So, orthogonality can be maintained over the frequency response. This technology is now more popular in
the mobile communication domain, called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Actually
user data can be converted into the parallel form and then they are modulated using digital modulation
techniques. Finally, they have followed by OFDM Modulator and cyclic prefix can be inserted into the
OFDM symbols. Here, I have worked on the measurement of Bit error rate for different modulation
techniques in OFDM technology. It has been considered that subchannel size is not constant. According to
that I have concluded the overall idea regarding the performance under OFDM technology.
Comparison of Various Waveform Contenders of 5G Wireless Communication Based ...ijtsrd
This paper presents an extensive and fair comparison among the most promising waveform contenders for the 5G air interface which includes- Filtered OFDM, Filter-bank multi carrier (FBMC), universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) has been compared with OFDM in terms of spectral efficiency and bit error rate using mat lab. The disadvantages of OFDM have been addressed and it has shown that (fofdm), (UFMC), (FBMC) could be a more effective solution. FBMC is a method for improving out of band (OOB) characteristics by filtering each subcarrier, it is also expected to improve the Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) characteristics while UFMC is a method for improving OOB characteristics by filtering each block. Raksha Vishnoi | Saurabh Gaur | Ashish Verma"Comparison of Various Waveform Contenders of 5G Wireless Communication Based on OFDM" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15637.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/15637/comparison-of-various-waveform-contenders-of-5g-wireless-communication-based-on-ofdm/raksha-vishnoi
An Efficient Performance of Mimo - Ofdm Based Cognitieve Radio System for Arr...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The wireless channel is central within this context, thus estimating the channel is the key to make CR operational, taking in consideration that the transmission-reception technology is available. In this thesis, we design a MIMO system using OFDM modulation technology to transmit and receive two signals over the mobile wireless channel. First formulate the pilot design as a new optimization problem. We use MIMO concept to enhance system capacity and robustness of the wireless transmission. In Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) based cognitive radio (CR) systems, with the increasing demand for data rate and reliability in Wireless communicationsand devices, several issues become very important like bandwidth efficiency, quality of service and radio coverage. In this new scheme, adaptive arrays are group-selected in the spatial domain. Simulation shows that the proposed system can get significant performance improvements over the conventional array based OFDM systems over frequency-selective multipath fading channels with cognitive radio (CR) system. Keywords: Cognitive radios, MIMO, OFDM, and Joint transmit and receive group selected arrays.
MIMO channels: optimizing throughput and reducing outage by increasing multip...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The two main aims of deploying multiple input multiple out (MIMO) are to achieve spatial diversity (improves channel reliability) and spatial multiplexing (increase data throughput). Achieving both in a given system is impossible for now, and a trade-off has to be reached as they may be conflicting objectives. The basic concept of multiplexing: divide (multiplex) transmit a data stream several branches and transmit via several (independent) channels. In this paper, we focused mainly on achieving spatial multiplexing by modeling the channel using the diagonal Bell Labs space time scheme (D-BLAST) and the vertical Bell Labs space time architecture (V-BLAST) Matlab simulations results were a lso given to further compare the advantages of spatial multiplexing.
SECURED TEXT MESSAGE TRANSMISSION IN PRE -CHANNEL EQUALIZATION BASED MIMO- OF...IJNSA Journal
In this paper, we made a comprehensive performance evaluative study of a secured MIMO Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing wireless communication system with implementation of two pre channel equalization techniques such as Pre-Minimum Mean Square Error (Pre-MMSE) and Pre-Zero
Forcing(Pre-ZF) under QPSK and QAM digital modulations. The simulated system deploys three channel coding techniques(1/2-rated Convolutional, CRC and BCH). In the present simulated system, text message transmission has been secured with concatenated implementation of Electronic Codebook (ECB)
and Cipher Feedback(CFB) cryptographic algorithm. It is remarked from simulation results that the MIMO OFDM system outperforms with pre-ZF channel equalization,QAM digital modulation and BCH channel coding schemes under fading channels(AWGN and Raleigh).In Pre-MMSE/pre-ZF channel
equalization scheme, the system shows comparatively worst performance in convolutional channel coding scheme with QAM/QPSK digital modulation. With increase in noise power as compared to signal power, the system is found to have shown performance deterioration
A Potent MIMO–OFDM System Designed for Optimum BER and its Performance Anal...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Multicarrier modulation can be implemented by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) to achieve utmost bandwidth exploitation and soaring alleviation attributes profile besides multipath fading. To support delay sensitive and band bandwidth demanding multimedia applications and internet services, MIMO in addition with other techniques can be used to achieve high capacity and reliability. To obtain high spatial rate by transmitting data on several antennas by using MIMO with OFDM results in reducing error recovery features and the equalization complexities arise by sending data on varying frequency levels. Three parameters frequency OFDM, Spatial (MIMO) and time (STC) can be used to achieve diversity in MIMO-OFDM. This technique is dynamic and well-known for services of wireless broadband access. MIMO if used with OFDM is highly beneficial for each scheme and provides high throughput. There are several space time block codes to exploit MIMO OFDM; one of the techniques is called Alamouti Codes. The paper investigates adaptive Alamouti Codes and their application in IEEE 802.11n.
TECHNIQUES IN PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF MOBILE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM...Onyebuchi nosiri
Mobile wireless communication providers are expected by their numerous subscribers to provide network that can allow higher data rates, and good voice quality. However, this may be restricted due to some technical problems such as limited availability of radio frequency spectrum, bandwidth, channel capacity, geographical areas and transmission problems caused by various factors like fading and multipath distortion. All these lead to overall system performance degradation. This has led to various studies on how improvement on the performance of wireless communication can be realized using different techniques. This paper is a review of some scholarly works on this subject. To achieve this some recent scholarly articles were accessed online and their findings were highlighted. It was observed that all the articles reviewed had results drawn only from theoretical analysis. Based on this, one of the recommendations is that theoretical analysis should be supported with data obtained from carrying out RF measurements in the field where possible.
PAPR REDUCTION AND BIT ERROR RATE EVALUATION IN OFDM SYSTEM USING HYBRID TECH...pijans
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become an important component of waveform
generation in wideband transmission. it's a superior technology for the high-speed rate of wired and
wireless communication systems. Currently, multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) systems are crucial wireless communication systems like 4G and 5G
networks & tactical communication. The OFDM has many advantages over other techniques like its high
capacity and immunity against multipath fading channels. However, one amongst the foremost drawbacks
of the OFDM system is that the high-peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that leads the system to provide
in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation and reduces its efficiency. This problem increases with a rise
within the number of transmit antennas. Therefore, it's highly desirable to cut back the PAPR of an OFDM
signal. For this, numerous techniques are proposed to beat the PAPR problem like i) Selective mapping
(SLM) ii) Partial transmit sequence (PTS), iii) Clipping, iv) Clipping and filtering. All of those are reduced
the PAPR by generating alternative subcarrier vector that are statistically independent OFDM symbols for
a given data frame and transmitting the symbol with rock bottom peak power. During this paper we also
proposed, some hybrid techniques. The hybrid techniques are the technique of clipping is employed in
conjunction with SLM and PTS to cut back computational complexity. And also the combination of SLM-
PTS to scale back PAPR. Simulations are acquainted with analyze the efficiency of the techniques used
which signifies OFDM to be providing much better PAPR reduction and a way better Bit Error Rate
(BER). it's shown in simulation results that the proposed scheme performs well reducing PAPR. But the
proposed scheme is more complex than the prevailing techniques.
PAPR REDUCTION AND BIT ERROR RATE EVALUATION IN OFDM SYSTEM USING HYBRID TECH...pijans
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become an important component of waveform
generation in wideband transmission. it's a superior technology for the high-speed rate of wired and
wireless communication systems. Currently, multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) systems are crucial wireless communication systems like 4G and 5G
networks & tactical communication. The OFDM has many advantages over other techniques like its high
capacity and immunity against multipath fading channels. However, one amongst the foremost drawbacks
of the OFDM system is that the high-peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that leads the system to provide
in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation and reduces its efficiency. This problem increases with a rise
within the number of transmit antennas. Therefore, it's highly desirable to cut back the PAPR of an OFDM
signal. For this, numerous techniques are proposed to beat the PAPR problem like i) Selective mapping
(SLM) ii) Partial transmit sequence (PTS), iii) Clipping, iv) Clipping and filtering. All of those are reduced
the PAPR by generating alternative subcarrier vector that are statistically independent OFDM symbols for
a given data frame and transmitting the symbol with rock bottom peak power. During this paper we also
proposed, some hybrid techniques. The hybrid techniques are the technique of clipping is employed in
conjunction with SLM and PTS to cut back computational complexity. And also the combination of SLMPTS to scale back PAPR. Simulations are acquainted with analyze the efficiency of the techniques used
which signifies OFDM to be providing much better PAPR reduction and a way better Bit Error Rate
(BER). it's shown in simulation results that the proposed scheme performs well reducing PAPR. But the
proposed scheme is more complex than the prevailing techniques.
VLSI Implementation of OFDM Transceiver for 802.11n systemsIJERA Editor
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the most widely used modulation technique for wireless communication network. In this paper, 4 x 4 spatially multiplexed MIMO OFDM transceiver is designed using 1/2 encoder and 64 bit FFT. The implementation has been carried out in hardware using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Both the transmitter and the receiver are implemented on a single FPGA board with the channel being a wired one. The FPGA board used is Diligent Atlys Xilinx Spartan 6. We have analysed the effect of Bit Error Rate and Data rate with respect to Signal to Noise ratio.
ESTIMATION AND COMPENSATION OF INTER CARRIER INTERFERENCE IN WIMAX PHYSICAL L...ijngnjournal
WiMAX is Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access has emerged as a promising solution for transmission of higher data rates for fixed and mobile applications. IEEE 802.16d and e are the standards proposed by WiMAX group for fixed and mobile. As the wireless channel have so many limitation Such as Multipath, Doppler spread, Delay spread and Line Of Sight (LOS)/Non Line Of Sight (NLOS) components. To attain higher data rates the Multi Carrier System with Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) is incorporated in the WiMAX. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi carrier technique used with the WiMAX systems. In OFDM the available spectrum is split into numerous narrow band channels of dissimilar frequencies to achieve high data rate in a multi path fading environment. And all these sub carriers are considered to be orthogonal to each other. As the number of sub carriers is increased there is no guarantee of sustained orthogonality, i.e. at some point the carriers are not
independent to each other, and hence where the orthogonality can be loosed which leads to interference and also owing to the synchronization between transmitter and receiver local oscillator, it causes interference known as Inter Carrier Interference (ICI). The systems uses MIMO-OFDM will suffer with the effects of ICI and Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) “ε”. However these affect the power leakage in the midst of sub carriers, consequently degrading the system performance. In this paper a new approach is proposed in order to reduce the ICI caused in WiMAX and improve the system performance. In this scheme at the transmitter side the modulated data and a few predefined pilot symbols are mapped onto the non
neighboring sub carriers with weighting coefficients of +1 and -1. With the aid of pilot symbols the frequency offset is exactly estimated by using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and hence can be minimized. At demodulation stage the received signals are linearly combined along with their weighted
coefficients and pilot symbols, called as Pilot Aided Self Cancellation Method (PASCS). And also to realize the various wireless environments the simulations are carried out on Stanford University Interim (SUI) channels. The simulation results shows that by incorporating this method into WiMAX systems it performs better when the Line Of Sight (LOS) component is present in the transmission and also it improves the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Carrier to Interference Ratio (CIR). The CIR can be improved 20 dB. In this paper the effectiveness of PASCS scheme is compared with the Self Cancellation Method (SCM). It provides accurate estimation of frequency offset and when residual CFO is less significant the ICI can be diminished successfully.
Comparative performance analysis of different modulation techniques for papr ...IJCNCJournal
One of the most important multi-carrier tran
smission techniques used in the latest wireless com
munication
arena is known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Mul
tiplexing (OFDM). It has several characteristics
such as providing greater immunity to multipath fad
ing & impulse noise, eliminating Inter Symbol
Interference (ISI) & Inter Carrier Interference (IC
I) using a guard interval known as Cyclic Prefix (C
P). A
regular difficulty of OFDM signal is high peak to a
verage power ratio (PAPR) which is defined as the r
atio
of the peak power to the average power of OFDM Sign
al. An improved design of amplitude clipping &
filtering technique of us previously reduced signif
icant amount of PAPR with slightly increase bit err
or rate
(BER) compare to an existing method in case of Quad
rature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) & Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation (QAM). This paper investigates
a comparative performance analysis of the differen
t
higher order modulation techniques on that design.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Abstract: The growing demand on wireless communication service has created the necessity to support higher data rates for multimedia services. .As next generation wireless communication networks are expected to provide broadband multimedia services such as voice, web browsing, video conferencing etc. For high data rate achievement one must enhance the capacity of the wireless communication system. The capacity of a communication system can be enhanced by using OFDM system. OFDM is commonly used for communication system due to its high transmission rate and robustness against multipath fading So as to enhance the capacity of fading channels the OFDM system are combined to form hybrid system. Capacity is the measure of maximum information that can be transmitted reliably over a channel. This paper review on different channel capacity enhancement techniques used in OFDM system is SVD (Singular Value Decomposition), water Filling algorithm.
Investigating the performance of various channel estimation techniques for mi...ijmnct
This paper simulates and investigates the performance of four widely-used channel estimation techniques for MIMO-OFDM wireless communication systems; namely, super imposed pilot (SIP), comb-type, spacetime block coding (STBC), and space-frequency block coding (SFBC) techniques. The performance is
evaluated through a number of MATLab simulations, where the bit-error rate (BER) and the mean square
error (MSE) are estimated and compared for different levels of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The simulation results demonstrate that the comb-type channel estimation and the SIP techniques overwhelmed the performance of the STFC and STBC techniques in terms of both bit-error rate (BER) and mean square error (MSE).
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
1. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2013)
493
OFDM Simulator Using MATLAB
Deepak Sharma1
, Praveen Srivastava2
1
Research Scholar, 2
Assistant Professor, EC Department, KIT Kanpur
Abstract— Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM) is a special case of multicarrier transmission and
frequency division multiplexing, where a single data stream is
transmitted over several lower rate subcarriers, placed
orthogonal to each other. Today it is becoming the chosen
modulation technique for wireless communications. It can
provide large data rates with optimum bit error rate and
enough robustness to radio channel impairments. In this
paper, a user interface is designed using GUI tool of MATAB
which facilitates us to analyze the performance of OFDM
system in terms of SNR vs. BER variation. BPSK, QPSK and
QAM techniques are analyzed in reference to OFDM
processing. Rayleigh Fading channel and Multipath fading
channels are used as a communication channel.
Keywords— AWGN, Bit Error Rate, GUI, ISI, Multi Path
fading channel, OFDM, Signal to Noise ratio
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless communications is an emerging field, which
has seen enormous growth in the last several years. The
huge uptake rate of mobile phone technology, Wireless
Local Area Networks (WLAN) and the exponential growth
of the Internet have resulted in an increased demand for
new methods of obtaining high capacity wireless networks.
Most WLAN systems currently use the IEEE802.11b
standard, which provides a maximum data rate of 11 Mbps.
Newer WLAN standards such as IEEE802.11a and
HiperLAN2, are based on OFDM technology and provide a
much higher data rate of 54 Mbps. [1]
However systems of
the near future will require WLANs with data rates of
greater than 100 Mbps, and so there is a need of technology
which supports these higher data rates and maximum
spectral efficiency. OFDM is most suitable techniques for
these high data rate applications. OFDM is presently used
in a number of wired and wireless communication systems.
It is a special case of data transmission, where a single data
stream is transmitted over a number of sub carriers (SCs) to
increase robustness against frequency-selective fading or
narrowband interference. OFDM is leading the engineers
into a new era of digital transmission and is becoming the
chosen modulation technique worldwide. This thesis
investigates the performance of various modulation
schemes by analyzing the transmitted and received OFDM
frame, frequency spectrum and their constellation diagram
for the removal of noise and inters signal interference.
II. DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES
The move to digital modulation provides more
information capacity, compatibility with digital data
services, higher data security, better quality
communications, and quicker system availability. Digital
Modulation Techniques can be classified into following
categories as [5]
Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK)
Binary Frequency shift Keying (BFSK)[5]
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK)
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
M- Array Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
(QAM) (M=4, 8, 6, 64, 128, 256,etc)
This Simulator is designed only for BPSK. QPSK, 4-
QAM and 16-QAM Techniques.
III. ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE
ACCESS
OFDM is referred as Multi-Carrier, Multi-Tone and
Fourier Transform. The OFDM concept is based on
spreading the data to be transmitted over a large number of
carriers, each being modulated at a low rate the carriers are
made orthogonal to each other by appropriately choosing
the frequency spacing between them. A multicarrier
system, such as FDM divides the total available bandwidth
in the spectrum into sub-bands for multiple carriers to
transmit in parallel. It combines a large number of low data
rate carriers to construct a composite high data rate
communication system. [5]
Orthogonality gives the carriers a
valid reason to be closely spaced with overlapping without
ICI. Let ( ) is a function and its orthogonal function will
be ( ) so the condition of Orthogonality is given by „(1)‟
and represented in Fig 1. Here different colors are for sine
and cosine component. [3]
0*
dttxtx (1)
Here all the subcarriers are sine waves. The area under
one period of a sine or cosine wave, or any other sinusoidal
with some phase angle, is zero. This can be shown
diagrammatically by Fig 1.
2. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2013)
494
Figure 1 Orthogonality of two subcarriers
IV. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN O.F.D.M.
A. Bit Error Rate
Mathematically BER can be defined by „(2)‟s.
(2) [1]
( ) ( ) (3)
There are some more factors that affect on BER. If the
transmission speed and transmission medium are good in a
particular time but Signal-to-Noise (SNR) is high then BER
will be very low. [6]
B. Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR)
The SNR mathematically can be defined by „(4)’
(4)
SNR is an indicator commonly used to evaluate the
quality of a communication link. Higher value of SNR
means better quality of the communication link. [7]
V. OFDM MODELLING IN MATLAB
The basic concept behind multi-tone modulation is to
replace one wideband signal with many simultaneously
transmitted narrowband signals with the same overall
bandwidth as the original signal. [1]
To implement OFDM
in Simulink, transmitters and receivers in discrete time,
Inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and Fast Fourier
transform (FFT) methods are used respectively. OFDM
transmit symbols that have a longer time duration, which is
less or equal to the maximum delay spread. To combat ISI,
guard intervals are used between OFDM symbols. Fig. 2
which is showing the basic processing involved in OFDM
system OFDM processing can be implemented through the
communication block-set of Simulink. [6]
Figure 2 OFDM System in Simulink
VI. SIMULATION RESULTS
The main objective of this paper is to implement a user
interface for the study of OFDM processing which is
shown in fig. 3. A Simulink model for BPSK technique is
shown in fig. 4. [7]
On the basis of model of BPSK
techniques, Simulink models can be designed for other
techniques also. This GUI enables us to examine the
variation of Bit error rate against the different values of
Signal to Noise ratio. Table 1 shows the simulation
parameter for proposed simulator. [8]
TABLE I
SIMULATION PARAMETER
Parameter Values
Simulation Time 0.10 ms
Cyclic Prefix Length 26
FFT Points 1024
Total Bits 7.5e+004
Doppler Spread 20 Hz
Gain -8dB
Excess delay vector: 3e-6s
3. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2013)
495
Figure 3 GUI interface for parameter variation
Figure 4 Simulink Model of BPSK Scheme
The transmitted and received Magnitude spectrum,
OFDM frame and constellation diagram are represented
through fig 5, fig 6, Fig 8 etc under different channel
conditions. BER variation is represented by fig 9.
Figure 3 Transmitted and Received Signal Pattern for BPSK
Technique
Figure 4 Transmitted and Received Signal spectrum for QPSK
Technique
4. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 9, September 2013)
496
Figure 5 Transmitted and Received Signal spectrum for 4 QAM
Technique
Figure 6 Transmitted and Received Signal spectrum for 16 QAM
Technique
Figure 7 BER vs. SNR variation
VII. CONCLUSION
Thus the purpose of this simulator has achieved. It
makes the study of OFDM processing very easy. By simply
taking the values of SNR, we can easily observe the BER
variation on a graph. If we can move in details of Simulink
models, then just by changing the values of FFT points, we
can easily observe the effect on OFDM received frame.
This simulator also enables us to monitor the change in
OFDM processing by radio button „with OFDM‟ and „no
OFDM‟. This simulator has been tested and verified for
standard results as discussed in previous articles.
REFERENCES
[1] Jigisha N. Patel & Prof.(Mrs.) Upena D Dalal, “A Comparative
Performance Analysis of OFDM using MATLAB Simulation with
M-PSK and M-QAM Mapping”, International Conference on
Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications 2007Ding,
W. and Marchionini, G. 1997 A Study on Video Browsing
Strategies. Technical Report. University of Maryland at College
Park.
[2] D.K Sharma., A. Mishra & Rajiv Saxena, “Analog & Digital
Modulation, Techniques: An Overview”, International Journal of
Computing Science and Communication Technologies, Vol.3, No.1,
July 2010Tavel, P. 2007 Modeling and Simulation Design. AK
Peters Ltd.
[3] An initiative Guide of OFDM, 2004.
[4] Vandana B Malode & Bhagwat P Patil, “BER Performance of LBC
Coded OFDM in different channels”, IEEE Control and System
Graduate Research Colloquium 2012.
[5] R Bhagya, Dr. A G Ananth, “Performance of OFDM Multiplexing
Transmission using different Digital Modulation Schemes”,
IJAET/Vol .II/ Issue I/January-March 2011.Brown, L. D., Hua, H.,
and Gao, C. 2003. A widget framework for augmented interaction in
SCAPE.
[6] Ashok Kamboj Geeta Kaushik, “Study & Simulation of O.F.D.M
System”, IJMER, Vol.2, Issue.1, Jan-Feb 2012.
[7] Jun Zhang, Zhongpei Zhang, “Simulation and Analysis of OFDM
System based on Simulink”, IEEE, 2010.
[8] Mohammed Safiqul Islam, Gouri Rani Barai , Atiq Mahmood, “
Performance Analysis of different modulation schemes using OFDM
Techniques in Rayleigh Fading Channel”, IJFPS, Vol.1, No.1, pp.
22-27, March, 2011