Introduction to biochemistry // BiochemistryAleeshatariq
This video lecture presents the introduction to Biochemistry, its definition, importance, and applications. This is an introductory lecture to have an idea of what we study in biochemistry and why we study it.
Electron Transport Chain and oxidative phosphorylationusmanzafar66
substrate level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis
in Eukaryotes and in prokaryotes
in plant and animal
uncoupler oxidative phosphorylation
fat and protein ATP calculation
Biochemistry, Biomolecules and Cell: An IntroductionPrincy Agarwal
This presentation will help you to understand the introduction of Biochemistry, Biomolecules and Cell along with transport mechanisms across cell membrane in an easy and friendly manner along with summarised notes.
Introduction to biochemistry // BiochemistryAleeshatariq
This video lecture presents the introduction to Biochemistry, its definition, importance, and applications. This is an introductory lecture to have an idea of what we study in biochemistry and why we study it.
Electron Transport Chain and oxidative phosphorylationusmanzafar66
substrate level phosphorylation and chemiosmosis
in Eukaryotes and in prokaryotes
in plant and animal
uncoupler oxidative phosphorylation
fat and protein ATP calculation
Biochemistry, Biomolecules and Cell: An IntroductionPrincy Agarwal
This presentation will help you to understand the introduction of Biochemistry, Biomolecules and Cell along with transport mechanisms across cell membrane in an easy and friendly manner along with summarised notes.
Metabolism of glycogen and its clinical significance final.pptxrohini sane
A comprehensive presentation on Metabolism of Glycogen and its clinical significance MBBS , BDS, B Pharm & Biotechnology students to facilitate self- study.
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Bioenergetics is an important domain in biology. This presentation has explored ATP production and its optimum utilization in biological systems along with certain theories and experiments to give a bird's eye view of this important issue.
This presentation describes the process of photosynthesis on plants. In order for plants to grow, they need inputs of Carbon dioxide (CO2), water and energy. The chemical process by which plants use these resources to manufacture glucose, the building blocks of plants, is called photosynthesis.
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Nursing Path
The novel Coronavirus (nCoV) epidemic in 2019 -2020 has recently emerged. The route of transmission is not totally known, although it is known that it can spread from person to person, and local health care systems may be ill-equipped to handle a large-scale outbreak.
The blood electrolytes—sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate—help regulate nerve and muscle function and maintain acid-base balance and water balance. ... Thus, having electrolytes in the right concentrations (called electrolyte balance) is important in maintaining fluid balance among the compartments
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A mental health disorder characterised by feelings of worry, anxiety or fear that are strong enough to interfere with one's daily activities.
The term "anxiety disorder" refers to specific psychiatric disorders that involve extreme fear or worry, and includes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and panic attacks, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, selective mutism, separation anxiety, and specific phobias.
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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2. Overview of Energy and Metabolism
1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and Nucleic Acids), are our only
source of energy for doing the biological work
of cells.
2. All molecules (nutrient molecules included)
have stored (potential) energy in the bonds
between their atoms.
3. The energy the runs most biological Systems
on earth comes from solar energy
4. Plants trap solar energy via the metabolic
reactions of Photosynthesis by producing these
molecules
2www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
3. Overview of Energy and Metabolism
Terms
Calorie: basic unit of measurement of energy in
biological system. Indicated by a “c”
In human metabolism Calorie is really kilocalorie or 1,000
calories. Indicated by a “C”
This calorie “C” is the amount of energy required to raise
the temperature to 1 kg of water 1 degree C.
The Caloric needs of most organisms is measured as Basal
Metabolic Rate (BMR)
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4. Overview of Energy and Metabolism
Terms
BMR is the minimum resting energy expenditures by an
awake alert person
Average BMR: 70 C/hr or 1680 C/day
If we assume that average amounts of carbohydrates,
lipid, and proteins are being catabolized we can
calculate a ratio of 4.825 “C” per liter of O2 consumed.
BMR in influence by age, gender, physical condition, body
weight, and genes.
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5. Three Basic Uses of Nutrients
Absorbed by the Digestive System
1. Energy for immediate use by cells to conduct
their normal Metabolic processes (Muscle
contraction, secretions, active transport)
2. Synthesize structural or functional molecules
to repair and replace cells.
(Mitosis and Cytokinesis)
3. Storage as glycogen or fat for later use as
energy (nutrient reserves)
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6. ALL Living Things from Bacteria to
Humans Conduct METABOLISM
Metabolism is the ability to acquire and use energy
from the environment.
Metabolic processes are all the chemical
reactions that occur in cells, tissues, organs,
and organ systems.
Two Kinds of Metabolic Reactions:
1. Catabolism = breakdown of large molecules into
simple ones to produce energy. (release energy)
2. Anabolism = build large molecules from simple
molecules. (requires energy input)
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7. Two Basic Kinds of Chemical Reactions
found in Biological System
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14. ATP production from Carbohydrates
Formation of Acetyl-CoA
Substrates required: 2 Pyruvic Acid
2 NAD+
2 Coenzyme A
Products: 2 Acetyl-CoA
2 NADH
2 CO2
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16. ATP production from Carbohydrates
Kreb’s cycle
Substrates required: 2 Oxaloacetic Acid
2 Acetyl-CoA
6 NAD+
2 FAD
2 GDP
Intermediate Reactants: Citric Acid
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17. ATP production from Carbohydrates
Kreb’s cycle
Products: 2 Oxaloacetic Acid
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 GTP
4 CO2
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18. Overview of the Kreb’s Cycle
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19. ATP production from Carbohydrates
Eelectron Transport Chain
A series of Oxidative Phosphorylation reactions
Oxidation = the removal of electrons from a
molecule and results in a decrease in the
energy content of the molecule. Because
most biological reactions involve the loss
of hydrogen atoms, they are called
dehydrogenation reactions.
Reduction = the opposite of oxidation; the
addition of electrons to a molecule, and
results in an increase in the energy
content of the molecule.
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21. ATP production from Carbohydrates
Electron Transport Chain
Substrates required: 10 NADH
2 FADH
6 O2
Products: 32 ATP
6 H20
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23. Summary of ATP Production
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24. Protein Metabolism
Deamination: removal of the amino group
(NH2) leaving a acetyl molecule
Transamination: Adding an animo group to
pyruvic acid to produce any of the
nonessential amino acids
Protein Synthesis: Production of protein
molecule using an RNA model.
Protein catabolism: breaking down a
protein into individual Amino Acids.
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25. Lipid Metabolism
• Lipoproteins: surrounding triglycerides with
apoproteins to make them more transportable
in water
– Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL’s)
– Low-density lipoproteins (LDL’s)
– High-density lipoprteins (HDL’s)
Lipolysis: break down lipids
Beta Oxidation: breaking a fatty acid into 2
carbon compounds
Lipogenesis: formation of lipids from non-
lipids
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26. Overview of the Role of the Liver in Lipid
Metabolism
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27. Summary of the Interconnection Between
Tissues and Metabolistic Reactions
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