The document discusses types of rolling contact bearings including ball bearings and roller bearings. It describes the main parts of ball bearings including the inner ring, outer ring, rolling elements (balls), and ball retainer. The document provides information on selecting suitable ball bearings for applications including considering load type and size, operating conditions, and desired service life. Examples are given to demonstrate how to select ball bearings based on load and operating conditions.
The document discusses the selection and use of bearings. It describes the functions of bearings as supporting loads on shafts and locating the shaft position. It outlines types of bearings as sliding contact or rolling contact. Rolling contact bearings include ball bearings and roller bearings. When selecting a bearing, factors to consider include load type (radial, thrust, or combined), load capacity, dimensions, intended use conditions, and desired service life. Installation of ball bearings requires proper shaft and housing design, lubrication provision, and sealing.
This document discusses different types of cams and cam mechanisms. It describes various types of followers based on their contacting surface, motion, and path of motion. It also defines important cam terminology used to describe cam profiles such as base circle, trace point, pressure angle, pitch point, pitch circle, and lift. The document provides examples of cam profiles that produce uniform velocity, simple harmonic, uniform acceleration/retardation, and cycloidal motions in the follower. It includes example problems of constructing cam profiles for different follower motions and specifications.
This document discusses the calculation of bearing life and dynamic load ratings. It provides formulas and factors for calculating the radial and axial forces on bearings based on machine design and operating conditions. It also summarizes the Lundberg-Palmgren and SKF equations for calculating an equivalent dynamic bearing load and adjusted rating life of a bearing based on operating load and speed.
This document provides an overview of rolling-contact bearings. It defines key terms like bearing life, load ratings, and reliability. It describes different types of ball and roller bearings and their applications. Formulas are presented for relating bearing load, life, and reliability based on catalog data. Methods for selecting bearings under combined radial and thrust loading conditions are also discussed.
Rolling Contact Bearing, Selection of Rolling Contact Bearings, Machine Element Design, Bantalan Gelinding, Pemilihan Bantalan Gelinding, Perancangan Elemen Mesin
The seminar presented an overview of rolling contact bearings. It discussed the types of bearings including rolling contact bearings and journal bearings. For rolling contact bearings, it covered the construction consisting of inner race, outer race, rolling elements, and cage. It classified rolling element bearings into ball bearings and roller bearings. It discussed concepts like bearing life, load ratings, advantages like low friction and disadvantages like finite life. The seminar provided an introduction to rolling element bearings.
The document discusses the selection and use of bearings. It describes the functions of bearings as supporting loads on shafts and locating the shaft position. It outlines types of bearings as sliding contact or rolling contact. Rolling contact bearings include ball bearings and roller bearings. When selecting a bearing, factors to consider include load type (radial, thrust, or combined), load capacity, dimensions, intended use conditions, and desired service life. Installation of ball bearings requires proper shaft and housing design, lubrication provision, and sealing.
This document discusses different types of cams and cam mechanisms. It describes various types of followers based on their contacting surface, motion, and path of motion. It also defines important cam terminology used to describe cam profiles such as base circle, trace point, pressure angle, pitch point, pitch circle, and lift. The document provides examples of cam profiles that produce uniform velocity, simple harmonic, uniform acceleration/retardation, and cycloidal motions in the follower. It includes example problems of constructing cam profiles for different follower motions and specifications.
This document discusses the calculation of bearing life and dynamic load ratings. It provides formulas and factors for calculating the radial and axial forces on bearings based on machine design and operating conditions. It also summarizes the Lundberg-Palmgren and SKF equations for calculating an equivalent dynamic bearing load and adjusted rating life of a bearing based on operating load and speed.
This document provides an overview of rolling-contact bearings. It defines key terms like bearing life, load ratings, and reliability. It describes different types of ball and roller bearings and their applications. Formulas are presented for relating bearing load, life, and reliability based on catalog data. Methods for selecting bearings under combined radial and thrust loading conditions are also discussed.
Rolling Contact Bearing, Selection of Rolling Contact Bearings, Machine Element Design, Bantalan Gelinding, Pemilihan Bantalan Gelinding, Perancangan Elemen Mesin
The seminar presented an overview of rolling contact bearings. It discussed the types of bearings including rolling contact bearings and journal bearings. For rolling contact bearings, it covered the construction consisting of inner race, outer race, rolling elements, and cage. It classified rolling element bearings into ball bearings and roller bearings. It discussed concepts like bearing life, load ratings, advantages like low friction and disadvantages like finite life. The seminar provided an introduction to rolling element bearings.
Rolling contact bearings and design procedureJashavant singh
this slide will give you idea about the rolling contact bearing , its types application areas and also you will learn how to design rolling contact bearing ,
comparison between the rolling contact and sliding contact bearing , advantage and disadvantages.
This document discusses belt drives and the selection of V-belts. It describes the different types of belts, including flat, round, V-shaped, and timing belts. It provides details on selecting the appropriate V-belt, including determining the service factor, belt size, pulley diameters, belt length, and number of belts needed based on the power transmitted and machine specifications. Tables provide information on belt characteristics, pulley dimensions, standard belt lengths, and selection factors.
1. Springs are elastic bodies that store mechanical energy. They are used to exert force, provide flexibility, and absorb energy.
2. Common types of springs include helical springs, leaf springs, and disc or Belleville springs. Helical springs can be open or closed coils for compression and tension. Leaf springs use stacked plates, while disc springs use stacked conical discs.
3. Springs have many applications including brakes, clutches, watches, toys, shock absorption, and vibration control. Railway wagons, automobiles, and other machines commonly use springs.
Rolling contact bearings are called antifriction bearings because they have lower friction than sliding contact bearings. The document discusses the advantages and types of rolling contact bearings, including ball bearings and different types of roller bearings. It also covers standard dimensions, load ratings, reliability, materials used, and lubrication of ball and roller bearings.
This presentation discusses how rolling contact bearings can improve vehicle fuel efficiency. It begins with an introduction to rolling contact bearings and their advantages over sliding contact bearings in having low starting friction. It then discusses how bearings can contribute to overall vehicle fuel efficiency and presents examples of how bearings in transmission gear shafts and rocker arms improve efficiency. Methods for selecting fuel efficient bearings are discussed, along with suggestions for further optimization. A formula for calculating total friction torque is presented and applied to different bearing types. Finally, results are shown comparing the power losses of different bearings analytically and from SKF data. The presentation concludes that taper roller bearings have the lowest power losses in this application.
This document discusses the design of shafts used in machines. It begins by introducing different types of shafts like stepped, cranked, and flexible shafts. It then discusses the materials used for shafts, focusing on their strength and machinability. The document provides equations to calculate shaft diameter based on the torque transmitted. It also lists permissible stress values for shaft materials under different service conditions. Finally, it discusses how shafts experience both bending and torsional stresses that must be considered in their design.
This document discusses different types of springs and their applications. It provides information on helical springs, leaf springs, disc springs, and helical spring design. The key points are:
- Springs store and release energy through elastic deformation, returning to their original shape after loading. Common applications include automobiles, trains, valves, and watches.
- Helical springs can be open or closed coil and are made of wire wound in a helix. Leaf springs use flat plates layered together. Disc springs use stacked discs.
- Springs cushion impacts, absorb/store energy, apply/control forces and motions. Helical spring design considers factors like wire diameter, coil diameter, and number of coils.
-
Bearings are devices that allow rotational or linear movement between contacting surfaces while reducing friction and handling loads. There are two main types: rolling contact bearings which use rolling elements like balls or rollers to transfer load, and journal or sleeve bearings which use a thin film of lubricant. Key considerations in bearing selection and design include load type and magnitude, speed, space limitations, accuracy needs, and desired life. Bearing catalogs provide load and life ratings to help selection.
Cam and follower theory prof. sagar a dhotareSagar Dhotare
This ppt covers following points,
Classification of Cam and Follower
Terminology of cam
Importance of Pressure angle
Application of Cam and Follower
Importance of cam and follower
The document discusses different types of rolling contact bearings used for various load applications. Ball bearings are used for low and medium radial loads, while roller bearings are used for heavy loads and large shaft diameters. Bearing selection depends on factors like the load type (radial, thrust), load magnitude (light, medium, heavy), and other application requirements. Common bearing designations indicate bore size and features. Static load ratings specify the maximum permissible static radial or thrust loads for a bearing based on allowable deformation criteria. Bearing life refers to the number of revolutions or hours a bearing can operate before fatigue failure occurs in 90% of a group of identical bearings.
This document provides an introduction to sliding contact bearings. It discusses the basic functions and applications of bearings, and classifications of bearings based on load direction and contact type. Specifically, it covers radial and thrust bearings, and sliding and rolling contact bearings. It describes the components, operation, and types of sliding contact or plain bearings, including journal, slipper, and thrust bearings. Key terms related to hydrodynamic journal bearings like diametral clearance are also defined.
This document provides an introduction to bearings and bearing design. It defines bearings and their purpose of supporting moving machine elements while allowing relative motion. Bearings are classified based on the direction of load and type of contact. Rolling contact bearings like ball and roller bearings are introduced, which have lower friction than sliding contact bearings. The document outlines the main parts of a ball bearing and provides steps for selecting an appropriate bearing for an application involving a 40mm shaft with 5000N of radial load and 3000N of thrust load operating at 400rpm. Through calculations, ball bearing SKF No. 6308 is determined to meet the load requirements.
This document discusses shafts and shaft design. It covers several topics:
1) Shaft distortion can occur due to bending moments, transverse shear forces, and torsional loads. Geometric fidelity of the shaft is important for transmitting power and motion between rotating elements.
2) Bending induces lateral deflections and slopes at shaft sections. Tabular methods can be used to calculate deflections and slopes by integrating the bending moment diagram.
3) Transverse shear forces also cause shaft distortion, which is analyzed separately from bending effects. Shaft materials, loads, stresses, strength, critical speeds, and hollow shaft designs are also addressed.
Design and analysis of connecting rod using aluminium alloy 7068 t6 t6511IAEME Publication
This document describes the design and analysis of a connecting rod made from aluminum alloy, as an alternative to the existing steel design. It first provides background on connecting rods, including their function in converting reciprocating piston motion to rotational crankshaft motion. It then outlines the objective to design and analyze an aluminum alloy connecting rod using finite element analysis software. Design calculations are shown for cross-sectional properties and buckling load of the existing steel connecting rod design. The document analyzes replacing this existing connecting rod with one made from aluminum alloy.
There are three main types of bearings: rolling element bearings, bushings, and journal bearings. Rolling element bearings have balls or rollers that reduce friction. Bushings use sliding contact between surfaces, with materials chosen to minimize wear. Journal bearings use a fluid film to separate sliding surfaces.
Bearing life is calculated theoretically based on the number of cycles for 10% of bearings to develop a specified size spall or pit due to subsurface fatigue cracks. While the calculation assumes maximum system loads, average loads are 50-80% of maximum, increasing bearing life. Proper lubrication is important to maximize actual bearing life in applications.
Work Roll change in a Hot Rolling Mill ( especially in a steel industry)Srichandan Subudhi
In a Hot rolling mill especially in a steel industry where highly integrated automation is used for high quality steel strip production, how roll change can be done in auto mode or in manual mode through HMI.
Full complement cylindrical roller bearingsbientoi
This document provides information about full complement cylindrical roller bearings produced by SBI. It discusses the types of bearings, their characteristics, applications, mounting and lubrication requirements. The key points are:
1) Full complement cylindrical roller bearings have high load capacity and space-saving design compared to traditional caged bearings, but lower maximum speed.
2) Proper minimum loading and lubrication is required for continuous operation to prevent excessive wear.
3) Different bearing types are suited for various load directions, speeds and ease of assembly/disassembly.
4) Dimensional tolerances and operating parameters like temperature ranges are specified.
This document discusses riveted joints, including their applications, materials used, types of joints, and failure modes. Riveted joints are used in pressure vessels, boilers, tanks, bridges, ships, airplanes, cranes, buildings, and machinery. Common materials for rivets include steel, nickel steel, brass, and aluminum. Types of riveted joints include lap joints and butt joints. Potential failure modes are bending of rivets or plates, shearing of rivets, crushing of rivets or plates, rupture of plates, and tearing or shearing of margins. The document provides equations to calculate the load capacities of riveted joints based on these failure modes.
Rolling contact bearings and design procedureJashavant singh
this slide will give you idea about the rolling contact bearing , its types application areas and also you will learn how to design rolling contact bearing ,
comparison between the rolling contact and sliding contact bearing , advantage and disadvantages.
This document discusses belt drives and the selection of V-belts. It describes the different types of belts, including flat, round, V-shaped, and timing belts. It provides details on selecting the appropriate V-belt, including determining the service factor, belt size, pulley diameters, belt length, and number of belts needed based on the power transmitted and machine specifications. Tables provide information on belt characteristics, pulley dimensions, standard belt lengths, and selection factors.
1. Springs are elastic bodies that store mechanical energy. They are used to exert force, provide flexibility, and absorb energy.
2. Common types of springs include helical springs, leaf springs, and disc or Belleville springs. Helical springs can be open or closed coils for compression and tension. Leaf springs use stacked plates, while disc springs use stacked conical discs.
3. Springs have many applications including brakes, clutches, watches, toys, shock absorption, and vibration control. Railway wagons, automobiles, and other machines commonly use springs.
Rolling contact bearings are called antifriction bearings because they have lower friction than sliding contact bearings. The document discusses the advantages and types of rolling contact bearings, including ball bearings and different types of roller bearings. It also covers standard dimensions, load ratings, reliability, materials used, and lubrication of ball and roller bearings.
This presentation discusses how rolling contact bearings can improve vehicle fuel efficiency. It begins with an introduction to rolling contact bearings and their advantages over sliding contact bearings in having low starting friction. It then discusses how bearings can contribute to overall vehicle fuel efficiency and presents examples of how bearings in transmission gear shafts and rocker arms improve efficiency. Methods for selecting fuel efficient bearings are discussed, along with suggestions for further optimization. A formula for calculating total friction torque is presented and applied to different bearing types. Finally, results are shown comparing the power losses of different bearings analytically and from SKF data. The presentation concludes that taper roller bearings have the lowest power losses in this application.
This document discusses the design of shafts used in machines. It begins by introducing different types of shafts like stepped, cranked, and flexible shafts. It then discusses the materials used for shafts, focusing on their strength and machinability. The document provides equations to calculate shaft diameter based on the torque transmitted. It also lists permissible stress values for shaft materials under different service conditions. Finally, it discusses how shafts experience both bending and torsional stresses that must be considered in their design.
This document discusses different types of springs and their applications. It provides information on helical springs, leaf springs, disc springs, and helical spring design. The key points are:
- Springs store and release energy through elastic deformation, returning to their original shape after loading. Common applications include automobiles, trains, valves, and watches.
- Helical springs can be open or closed coil and are made of wire wound in a helix. Leaf springs use flat plates layered together. Disc springs use stacked discs.
- Springs cushion impacts, absorb/store energy, apply/control forces and motions. Helical spring design considers factors like wire diameter, coil diameter, and number of coils.
-
Bearings are devices that allow rotational or linear movement between contacting surfaces while reducing friction and handling loads. There are two main types: rolling contact bearings which use rolling elements like balls or rollers to transfer load, and journal or sleeve bearings which use a thin film of lubricant. Key considerations in bearing selection and design include load type and magnitude, speed, space limitations, accuracy needs, and desired life. Bearing catalogs provide load and life ratings to help selection.
Cam and follower theory prof. sagar a dhotareSagar Dhotare
This ppt covers following points,
Classification of Cam and Follower
Terminology of cam
Importance of Pressure angle
Application of Cam and Follower
Importance of cam and follower
The document discusses different types of rolling contact bearings used for various load applications. Ball bearings are used for low and medium radial loads, while roller bearings are used for heavy loads and large shaft diameters. Bearing selection depends on factors like the load type (radial, thrust), load magnitude (light, medium, heavy), and other application requirements. Common bearing designations indicate bore size and features. Static load ratings specify the maximum permissible static radial or thrust loads for a bearing based on allowable deformation criteria. Bearing life refers to the number of revolutions or hours a bearing can operate before fatigue failure occurs in 90% of a group of identical bearings.
This document provides an introduction to sliding contact bearings. It discusses the basic functions and applications of bearings, and classifications of bearings based on load direction and contact type. Specifically, it covers radial and thrust bearings, and sliding and rolling contact bearings. It describes the components, operation, and types of sliding contact or plain bearings, including journal, slipper, and thrust bearings. Key terms related to hydrodynamic journal bearings like diametral clearance are also defined.
This document provides an introduction to bearings and bearing design. It defines bearings and their purpose of supporting moving machine elements while allowing relative motion. Bearings are classified based on the direction of load and type of contact. Rolling contact bearings like ball and roller bearings are introduced, which have lower friction than sliding contact bearings. The document outlines the main parts of a ball bearing and provides steps for selecting an appropriate bearing for an application involving a 40mm shaft with 5000N of radial load and 3000N of thrust load operating at 400rpm. Through calculations, ball bearing SKF No. 6308 is determined to meet the load requirements.
This document discusses shafts and shaft design. It covers several topics:
1) Shaft distortion can occur due to bending moments, transverse shear forces, and torsional loads. Geometric fidelity of the shaft is important for transmitting power and motion between rotating elements.
2) Bending induces lateral deflections and slopes at shaft sections. Tabular methods can be used to calculate deflections and slopes by integrating the bending moment diagram.
3) Transverse shear forces also cause shaft distortion, which is analyzed separately from bending effects. Shaft materials, loads, stresses, strength, critical speeds, and hollow shaft designs are also addressed.
Design and analysis of connecting rod using aluminium alloy 7068 t6 t6511IAEME Publication
This document describes the design and analysis of a connecting rod made from aluminum alloy, as an alternative to the existing steel design. It first provides background on connecting rods, including their function in converting reciprocating piston motion to rotational crankshaft motion. It then outlines the objective to design and analyze an aluminum alloy connecting rod using finite element analysis software. Design calculations are shown for cross-sectional properties and buckling load of the existing steel connecting rod design. The document analyzes replacing this existing connecting rod with one made from aluminum alloy.
There are three main types of bearings: rolling element bearings, bushings, and journal bearings. Rolling element bearings have balls or rollers that reduce friction. Bushings use sliding contact between surfaces, with materials chosen to minimize wear. Journal bearings use a fluid film to separate sliding surfaces.
Bearing life is calculated theoretically based on the number of cycles for 10% of bearings to develop a specified size spall or pit due to subsurface fatigue cracks. While the calculation assumes maximum system loads, average loads are 50-80% of maximum, increasing bearing life. Proper lubrication is important to maximize actual bearing life in applications.
Work Roll change in a Hot Rolling Mill ( especially in a steel industry)Srichandan Subudhi
In a Hot rolling mill especially in a steel industry where highly integrated automation is used for high quality steel strip production, how roll change can be done in auto mode or in manual mode through HMI.
Full complement cylindrical roller bearingsbientoi
This document provides information about full complement cylindrical roller bearings produced by SBI. It discusses the types of bearings, their characteristics, applications, mounting and lubrication requirements. The key points are:
1) Full complement cylindrical roller bearings have high load capacity and space-saving design compared to traditional caged bearings, but lower maximum speed.
2) Proper minimum loading and lubrication is required for continuous operation to prevent excessive wear.
3) Different bearing types are suited for various load directions, speeds and ease of assembly/disassembly.
4) Dimensional tolerances and operating parameters like temperature ranges are specified.
This document discusses riveted joints, including their applications, materials used, types of joints, and failure modes. Riveted joints are used in pressure vessels, boilers, tanks, bridges, ships, airplanes, cranes, buildings, and machinery. Common materials for rivets include steel, nickel steel, brass, and aluminum. Types of riveted joints include lap joints and butt joints. Potential failure modes are bending of rivets or plates, shearing of rivets, crushing of rivets or plates, rupture of plates, and tearing or shearing of margins. The document provides equations to calculate the load capacities of riveted joints based on these failure modes.
This document discusses heat exchangers and one-dimensional steady conduction. It provides equations and examples for conduction through plane slabs, composite walls, cylindrical layers, and spherical layers. It also discusses the purpose of insulation, critical insulation thickness, and factors that affect thermal conductivity. Dimensionless numbers for convective heat transfer like Reynolds number, Prandtl number, and Nusselt number are defined. Empirical relationships are provided for forced and natural convection.
This document contains 5 fluid mechanics questions and diagrams related to determining pressures using manometers, fluid columns, and specific gravities. Question 1 asks to determine the gauge pressure for a multi-fluid open container connected to a U-tube given specific gravities and fluid column heights. Question 2 asks to determine the differential height of a mercury column for a given air pressure in a tank. Question 3 asks to find the gauge pressure reading for a mercury manometer connected to a closed tank containing mercury. Question 4 asks to determine the gauge pressure for a tank containing compressed air and oil connected to a mercury U-tube manometer given various fluid column heights. Question 5 asks to determine the heights of oil and water in the right arm of
The document discusses good operating practices and safety precautions for maintaining heat exchangers. It describes the tools and equipment needed, which are divided into working tools and safety equipment. Important safety practices include ensuring systems are shut down and isolated, draining heat exchangers before opening, and following confined space procedures. Preventative maintenance and troubleshooting responsibilities are also outlined.
Heat exchangers transfer heat between two or more fluids. There are four main factors that affect heat transfer: materials, fluids, temperature difference, and contamination. Common types of heat exchangers include double pipe, shell and tube, kettle, air coolers, plate, and calandria. Key features of different heat exchanger types like shell and tube, double pipe, and air coolers are described.
1. Condensers convert vapor back into liquid by transferring heat from the vapor to a cooling medium, usually through tubes.
2. The main parts of a condenser are the shell, tube sheets, water boxes, and tubes. Steam flows over the tubes on the shell side while cooling water flows through the tubes.
3. There are different types of condensers including surface condensers, jet condensers, and barometric or low-level condensers depending on how the steam and cooling water interact.
This document provides information on different types of boilers and their components. It discusses fire tube boilers and water tube boilers. It also describes auxiliary equipment that can be fitted to boilers like pressure gauges, water gauge glasses, and pressure relief valves. Additionally, it covers topics like superheaters, economizers, different types of fuel firing systems, evaporation, heat pipes, and performance measures for tubular evaporators.
The document discusses various types of mechanical joints including welded joints. It describes common welding processes like oxy-fuel gas welding, shield metal arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding. The document also covers welding joints, terminology, design considerations, stress analysis of welded joints under different loading conditions, and includes examples of calculating stresses in welded joints.
1. This document discusses load stress and failure in mechanical design. It defines key terms like actual load, maximum load, safety factor, and strength.
2. The safety factor is the ratio of the maximum allowable load to the actual load. It indicates how close a component is to failure. Higher safety factors indicate a safer component, though variations must be considered.
3. Stress concentration occurs where geometric variations cause streamlines of force to bunch together, increasing local stresses. Non-uniform stresses result from geometric irregularities. Appropriate safety factors must be selected based on factors like the material, loading conditions, consequences of failure, and understanding of variations.
- Heat exchangers transfer heat between fluids through solid surfaces. Heat is transferred by convection between the fluid and solid surface.
- The rate of heat transfer depends on the convection heat transfer coefficient (h), which depends on fluid properties and velocities.
- Dimensionless numbers like Reynolds, Prandtl, and Nusselt relate fluid flow regime (laminar or turbulent) to heat transfer rate.
- Empirical relationships using these numbers predict heat transfer for forced and natural convection in different geometries.
- The overall heat transfer coefficient (U) accounts for resistances of conductive and convective boundaries in composite systems.
The document summarizes key concepts from Lecture 3 of the fluid mechanics course MET 212. It discusses fluid pressure, including the basic equation for pressure as a function of depth and examples of pressure calculations for incompressible and compressible fluids. It also describes different types of pressure measurement devices, specifically the piezometer tube, U-tube manometer, and inclined-tube manometer. An example problem calculates the pressure at different depths in a tank containing gasoline and water using a U-tube manometer.
The document discusses several key concepts in hydrostatics:
1. It defines fluid pressure and provides an example calculation of pressure on a piston.
2. It explains Pascal's Law that pressure at a point in a fluid is the same in all directions.
3. It describes how pressure decreases with increasing height in a fluid under gravity.
4. It discusses pressure measurement using various devices like manometers and provides example calculations.
The document discusses load, stress, and failure of machine parts. It describes two types of failure - functional failure caused by issues like excessive deflection or heat, and fracture failure caused by excessive stress. Stress concentration can increase stresses and is caused by sudden changes in cross-section or the presence of holes or notches. Theories of failure include maximum normal stress, maximum shear stress, and maximum distortion energy. Proper consideration of loads, materials, stresses, dimensions, and safety factors is important for design to prevent failure under working conditions.
The document discusses different types of shaft keys, how they transmit torque, and their design. It describes various key shapes, sizes, and tapers for different duty levels. Formulas are provided for calculating the crushing strength and shear strength of keys based on the torque transmitted, key dimensions, and material properties. An example problem demonstrates selecting a suitable square key size for a given shaft and torque requirement by analyzing both crushing strength and shear strength.
1. Heat transfer occurs through three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
2. Conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact of particles. Convection involves the transfer of heat by fluid motion. Radiation involves heat transfer through electromagnetic waves without a medium.
3. Heat transfer is important across several engineering disciplines for applications like cooling systems, fluid heating/cooling, building design, and engines.
MET 304 Mechanical joints riveted_jointshotman1991
Riveting was commonly used to join metal parts before welding but is now less common. Rivets are cylindrical shafts inserted through holes in materials to be joined and formed into heads on both ends. Riveted joints can fail due to bending, shearing of rivets, crushing of rivets or plates, or tearing of materials. The document provides equations to calculate load capacities of riveted joints based on factors like rivet material properties, number of rivets, and whether rivets are in single or double shear. Design of riveted joints involves selecting rivet size, number and layout to optimize strength and load distribution.
MET 304 Welded joints example-3-solutionhotman1991
The maximum stress in the reinforced weld of a bracket plate is calculated to be 10,408.5 psi. The plate is subjected to a load of 2,200 lbs applied 6.5 inches from the weld. The geometry and load are used to calculate the polar moment of area, torque, and radial distance to determine the torsional stress. This stress is resolved into vertical and horizontal components, and combined with the direct vertical stress from the load to find the total vertical and resultant stresses. The resultant stress is then multiplied by a concentration factor to determine the maximum stress in the weld.
Design of machine elements notes by Bhavesh Mhaskar BhaveshMhaskar
The document provides information on bearings including:
- Bearings allow relative motion between parts with minimal friction and come in sliding contact and rolling contact varieties. Rolling contact bearings are used for high speeds and lighter loads while sliding contact for heavier loads and lower speeds.
- Bearings are selected based on factors like load type, load amount, speed, and expected life. The selection process involves calculating loads, choosing a basic type, finding ratings in catalogs, and iterating to a bearing that meets requirements.
- Bearing material properties include strength, fatigue resistance, embeddability, and bondability. Load ratings consider factors like contact angle and number of balls/rollers to rate static and dynamic capacity.
Analysis of hydrodynamic fixed pad bearing to reduce vibration by replacing f...ijsrd.com
Rotating machineries are always subject to vibrations due to critical speeds, unbalance, and instability. Usually the least expensive modification of a machine to make is the bearing. A wide variety of bearings have been developed to combat some of the different types of vibration problems. This report consist the analysis of 360deg hydrodynamic bearing of Boiler Feed water Pump. The boiler feed water pump is very critical rotatory equipment of Thermal power plant the bearing of this pump must be able to withstand in vibration and other hydraulic forces while still maintaining a high degree of reliability. This report consist analysis and design of 360 hydrodynamic bearing also replacing fixed pad by flexural pad and analysis bearing vibration and compare vibration for the same condition with the help of FEM Method in ANSYS.
Bearing Life Optimization of Taper Roller Bearingijsrd.com
The life of the Taper Roller Bearing is most important factor with the optimum dimension, life and the geometry both of these are important to stay in the market. These parameters are determined the cost and quality of the bearing. To increase the life of bearings, the dimension of the bearing should be optimum to get the reliability and function of the bearing. In this project the geometry of the bearing component is trying to optimize with the desired life. By optimize the dimension of the Pocket corner radious of bearing component, the total mass of the bearing component. By reducing the weight of the bearing component ultimately total efficiency as well as total cost of the bearing is also reduced. The mass of bearing is reduced by changing the geometry of the dimension of the bearing component. The optimization has been carried out by keeping the results of the existing bearing constant.
The document discusses rolling contact bearings. It describes ball bearings and different types of roller bearings, including their basic designs and uses. It also defines key bearing selection terms like rating life and basic load rating. The process of selecting a suitable bearing involves determining the equivalent radial load, calculating the basic load rating based on operating load and life, and choosing a bearing that meets the load rating requirements. An example problem demonstrates how to select a bearing based on given shaft and load specifications.
Rolling contact bearings are used to support rotating shafts. There are different types including radial ball bearings, radial roller bearings, thrust ball bearings, and thrust roller bearings. The basic dynamic load rating or load carrying capacity depends on factors like the bearing geometry, materials, and accuracy of manufacture. Dynamic equivalent load accounts for variable operating loads over the life of the bearing. Proper selection involves calculating forces, selecting the bearing type, checking the dynamic load capacity, and ensuring it meets the expected life. Lubrication is also important to reduce friction and wear, prevent corrosion, and dissipate heat.
Range of IBC Precision Products for Support of Ball Screws
Fields of application of 60° super precision angular contact ball bearings and units: Rigid but fairly low-friction assembly of ball screws or satellite screws for conversion of rotary movement into linear movement (among others, also in worm gears for rotating tables or in tailstocks). To Know More Visit:http://www.carterbearings.co.uk/wp-content/themes/default/downloads/ibc/IBC_Ball_Screw_Support_Bearings.pdf
Bearings are selected based on bearing life and reliability, speed, space limitations, accuracy, and load characteristics. The main types of bearings include ball bearings, roller bearings, thrust bearings, and linear bearings. Key factors in selecting the right bearing include radial load capacity, thrust load capacity, misalignment tolerance, and application-specific requirements. Proper bearing selection depends on understanding the bearing design and ratings.
This document discusses rolling contact bearings, including ball bearings and roller bearings. It describes the types of rolling contact bearings, how they are designed with an inner and outer race holding balls or rollers, and how bearings are designated by number. The document also discusses static and dynamic load ratings for bearings and provides examples of calculating load ratings based on speed, life, reliability, and variable loads.
A bearing is a device that supports load and reduces friction between moving parts. There are two main types: plain/slider bearings and rolling/anti-friction bearings. Rolling bearings use balls or rollers to create separation between surfaces and are more commonly used. Common bearing materials include metals, alloys, and some non-metals. Bearings must be properly selected, mounted, lubricated, and maintained to maximize their lifespan and prevent premature failure.
BHEL is India's largest engineering and manufacturing company in the energy and infrastructure sector. It was established over 40 years ago with its first plant in Bhopal, kickstarting India's indigenous heavy electrical equipment industry. BHEL caters to key sectors like power, transportation, and telecommunications. It has 14 manufacturing divisions, regional centers, and offices across India and abroad. Bearings are crucial components that support rotating shafts in machines. They experience friction which generates heat, so proper lubrication and cooling is required. BHEL manufactures various types of bearings used in products like turbines, compressors, and generators. Careful consideration is given to bearing design factors such as load capacity, clearances, and lubrication flow
A REVIEW ON HELICAL COMPRESSION SPRING TO DESIGN A SHOCK ABSORBER OF BIKEJournal For Research
A spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy. A shock absorber is a mechanical device designed to smooth out or damp shock impulse & dissipate kinetic energy. In this paper there is reviewed some papers on suspension system. The aim of this review paper is to represent a general study on the analysis of spring to fulfil the requirement of suspension system.
Rolling element bearings transmit loads through rolling contact and provide lower coefficients of friction than sliding contact bearings. They are composed of an inner race, outer race, rolling elements (balls or rollers), and a cage. Ball bearings are further classified as deep groove, angular contact, or filled notch types. Roller bearings use cylindrical or tapered rollers and have higher load capacity than ball bearings. Bearing life is rated based on the number of revolutions or hours it can operate before spalling or pitting failure occurs, with an L10 life rating meaning 10% of tested bearings will fail by that point.
This document provides an overview of rolling-contact bearings including ball bearings and roller bearings. It discusses bearing life definitions, load ratings, load-life relationships, reliability models, bearing selection methods, and considerations for variable loads, lubrication, mounting configurations, and preloading. Types of bearings, catalogs data, examples, and design recommendations are presented.
Technological Considerations and Constraints in the Manufacture of High Preci...IJERA Editor
Rolling element bearings for application in Aircraft systems are to be manufactured to higher accuracy levels.
Various technology details like raw material, processing stages and facilities such as machining, heat treatment,
grinding, super finishing, assembly and inspection are to be considered for manufacture. However the facilities
available presently in India are inadequate to produce high precision bearings. This paper deals with the
prototype manufacture of bearings for some typical applications.
Presentation on NBC Bearing by Chirag JoshiChirag Joshi
The document provides information about National Bearing Company (NBC). It discusses the different types of bearings NBC manufactures, including ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, and spherical roller bearings. The document outlines the manufacturing process for ball bearings at NBC, including steps like forging, heat treatment, grinding, and assembly. It also discusses features and applications of ball bearings.
Bearings are machine elements that support an applied load and reduce friction between relatively moving parts. There are two main types: rolling contact bearings, which transfer load through rolling elements like balls or rollers, and journal/sleeve bearings, which transfer load through a thin film of lubricant. Bearings must be selected based on factors like load type (radial, thrust), speed, life requirements, space limitations, and accuracy. Common bearing types include ball bearings, roller bearings, tapered bearings, and linear bearings. Proper bearing selection, mounting, and lubrication are necessary to ensure long life and reliability.
Bearings are machine components that support another element and allow relative motion while carrying loads. There are two main types of bearings based on the nature of contact: sliding contact bearings and rolling contact bearings. Rolling contact bearings, also known as antifriction bearings, use balls or rollers between elements and provide very low coefficients of friction compared to sliding contact bearings. Common types of rolling contact bearings include ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings, which vary based on their shape and load capabilities.
Team Members :
- Omar Amen Ahmed Mohamed
- Habashy Shabaan Habashy
- Ahmed samy Ali
- Ahmed Ebrahem Bkhit
- Ahmed Mohamed Abdel-Ghany Al-Ashry
- Gheath Mostafa Koujan
- Mohamed Ashraf Kamel
11.performance evaluation of locally fabricated slipping machine for natural ...Alexander Decker
This document evaluates the performance of a locally fabricated slipping machine for processing natural rubber wood. The summary is as follows:
[1] The machine was able to cut rubber wood into various sizes, including rough sawn kiln dried timber and finger jointed four side planed sections.
[2] The design calculations for components like the belt, shaft, saw blade, and lift system were presented. The machine was found to have an efficiency of around 85%.
[3] Based on its ability to cut rubber wood into specified sizes and its high efficiency, the machine was determined to be suitable for its intended purpose of processing rubber wood for research studies.
This document contains an assignment for a fluid mechanics course. It includes 7 questions asking students to calculate fluid properties like density, specific weight, and specific gravity for various fluids including oil, water in a graduated cylinder, and air in rooms. Students are asked to tabulate common fluid properties, calculate properties for given volumes and masses of fluids, determine Reynolds number for flow in a pipe, and use the ideal gas law to find air properties based on pressure, temperature and room dimensions.
This document provides instructions for Assignment 2 in a fluid mechanics and machines course. It includes 4 problems to solve: 1) calculating the maximum water depth and moment on a rectangular gate, 2) calculating the absolute pressure at a point in a pipe using a double U-tube manometer, 3) determining the value of h1 using a manometer to measure tank pressure, and 4) calculating the pressure difference between two pipes connected by an inverted U-tube manometer. Students are to submit their individual work on the problems by the specified due dates.
This document contains 7 questions related to fluid mechanics and machines. Question 1 asks to determine the heights of water and oil in the arms of a U-tube manometer. Question 2 asks to calculate the load that can be lifted by a hydraulic jack with given piston areas and an applied force. Question 3 asks to calculate pressure heads of different liquids corresponding to a given pressure. Question 4 asks to calculate the pressure at the bottom of a tank partially filled with glycerin. Questions 5-7 ask calculation questions related to pressure differences and forces in fluid systems.
This document provides questions and answers about using a Saybolt Viscometer to determine the viscosity of petroleum samples. It defines Saybolt Universal Viscosity and Saybolt Furol Viscosity as the efflux time in seconds for a sample to flow through a calibrated orifice and fill a 60-ml receiving flask under controlled temperature conditions. The key components of the Saybolt Viscometer are identified as the thermometer, timer, cork/rubber stopper, receiving flask, and universal or furol orifice.
1) Shafts are used to transmit power between rotating components. Torque is the major load on power transmitting shafts and can be transferred through couplings or gears/pulleys mounted on the shaft.
2) The document provides equations to design shafts based on the loads they experience such as torsion, bending, bending and torsion. It also provides recommended stress values and factors for different shaft materials and load conditions.
3) Keys are used to transmit torque between a shaft and component. They are designed based on withstanding shear and crushing stresses. Equations are provided to calculate the required key size based on transmitted torque.
The document appears to be an assignment sheet for a mechanical engineering technology course. It includes the course information, student details, and a multi-part question regarding the selection of a suitable ball bearing for a shaft supported by two bearings that carries various loads and operates at certain specifications, with requirements for a service life of 2 years and shaft diameter range.
This document discusses belt drives and the selection process for V-belts. It begins with the functions of belts, which is to transmit motion between shafts located at a distance from each other. It then describes the different types of belts and their components. The document provides steps to select a suitable V-belt size based on power transmitted, pulley speeds and sizes. It includes an example problem demonstrating the full selection process.
This document provides definitions and terminology related to mechanisms in machines. It discusses key concepts such as:
1) Kinematic links or elements, which are parts of a machine that move relative to other parts.
2) Kinematic pairs, which are connections between two links that constrain their relative motion. Common types include sliding, turning, rolling, and screw pairs.
3) Kinematic chains and mechanisms, which are combinations of kinematic pairs that transmit motion. A mechanism has one fixed link.
4) Degrees of freedom, which refer to the number of independent parameters needed to define a linkage's position. Most practical mechanisms have one degree of freedom.
This document discusses governors, which are devices that regulate the speed of engines by automatically controlling the supply of working fluid. It aims to study different types of governors, define effort and power, understand governor sensitivity and stability, and solve problems involving governors. Governors function by increasing or decreasing the supply of working fluid to maintain engine speed within limits as the load increases or decreases, thereby keeping the mean speed constant despite varying load conditions.
This document provides information about gear trains and epicyclic gear trains. It includes examples of how to calculate speed ratios and determine speeds of various gears in different configurations of epicyclic gear trains using the tabular method. Several problems are also provided at the end for determining speeds and directions of rotation of gears in various epicyclic gear train arrangements given certain input conditions.
This document discusses infinite series and their properties. It defines sequences and series, and the notation used to represent them. An infinite series is the sum of all terms in a sequence. Geometric series are introduced, which converge if the common ratio r is less than 1. The sum of a convergent geometric series is provided. Examples are given of determining if a series converges or diverges, and calculating the sum if it converges. Recurring decimals are also discussed.
This document discusses riveted joints, including their applications, materials used, types of joints, and failure modes. Riveted joints are used in pressure vessels, boilers, tanks, bridges, ships, airplanes, cranes, buildings, and machinery. The document describes rivets and their components. It explains the types of riveted joints, including lap and butt joints. It then covers the potential failure modes of riveted joints, such as bending of rivets or plates, shearing of rivets, crushing of rivets or plates, rupture of plates by tension, and tearing or shearing of margins. The document provides examples of calculations for determining the load capacity of a ri
This document discusses mechanical joints and welding. It provides information on different types of mechanical joints like screws and rivets. It then discusses various welding processes like oxy-fuel gas welding, shield metal arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding. Different welding joints are also illustrated like butt joints, lap joints, and tee joints. The document concludes with discussing welding terminology, classification of welding joints based on stress, and design considerations for welding joints.
This document outlines the objectives and content of the MET 304 Mechanical Design 1 course. The course aims to teach students to [1] analyze engineering problems and obtain solutions, [2] design shafts, keys, belts, and bearings, and [3] design different types of mechanical joints. Key topics covered include the design process, stress and safety factors, shaft design, belt and bearing selection, and welded, riveted, and screw joints. Student learning outcomes include demonstrating the ability to analyze problems, write design specifications, and select standard components for applications.
This document provides instruction on determining velocities and angular velocities in mechanisms using the relative velocity method. It contains 5 problems:
1) Finding the angular velocity of a link in a 4-bar chain mechanism.
2) Determining velocities in a steam engine mechanism including the piston, connecting rod, and points on the connecting rod.
3) Finding the linear velocity of a slider and angular velocity of a link in a mechanism when the crank is at a specified angle.
4) Drawing a velocity diagram for an engine mechanism and determining the slider and link accelerations.
5) Determining velocities and angular velocities, and then accelerations, in a toggle mechanism where the crank speed is increasing.
The document provides information to solve a mechanics problem involving the velocity and acceleration of links in a toggle mechanism. It includes:
1) Dimensions and rotational speed of the crank.
2) Equations to calculate velocities and accelerations of points A, B, and D using velocity and acceleration diagrams.
3) The solutions for the velocity of slider D (2.05 m/s), angular velocity of BD (4.5 rad/s), acceleration of slider D (13.3 m/s^2), and angular acceleration of BD (71.3 rad/s^2 clockwise).
This document discusses fluid mechanics concepts including Newton's second law applied to fluid flows and the Bernoulli equation. It provides examples of using the Bernoulli equation to solve problems involving fluid flow, pressure, velocity, and height. The examples calculate pressure differences, flow rates, and maximum jet heights. The document also briefly introduces flowrate measurement using a Pitot tube.
This document summarizes key concepts from Lecture 2 of MET 306 Fluid Mechanics:
1) It discusses pressure at points in a fluid at rest, explaining that pressure is independent of direction and depends only on depth.
2) It presents the basic equation for pressure as a function of depth and defines terms like incompressible and compressible fluids.
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Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
MET 304 Bearings notes
1. Mechanical Design Rolling Contact bearings
Rolling contact bearings
6.1 Types of rolling contact bearings
Friction between moving parts can not be eliminated entirely, but often it is
reduced most effectively by using some form of rolling bearings. There are
many types of rolling contact bearings which suit different applications. The
most common types are, See fig.(6.1):
1. Ball bearings
1.1. Single row ball bearing
1.2. Double row ball bearing
1.3. Self alignment ball bearing
1.4. Angular contact ball bearing
1.5. Thrust ball bearing
2. Roller contact bearings
2.1. Taper roller bearing
2.2. Straight roller bearing
2.3. Conical roller bearing
2.4. Concave roller bearing
2.5. Thrust roller bearing
2.6. Needle bearings
Roller thrust
Ball thrust bearing
Spherical roller Radial tapered
Ball bearing Roller bearing
thrust bearing roller bearing
Fig. (6.1) Cut view of different types of rolling contact bearings
The loading on roller contact bearings can be
classified into three groups:
1. Solely radial loading
2. Solely axial loading
3. Combined radial and axial loading
Ball and roller bearings are
manufactured in several series, the most popular
ones are shown in fig (6.2). Within each of these Extra Light Medium Heavy
series is a wide range of different bearing sizes. light
Heavy series bearings have the greater load Fig. (6.2) Series of ball
carrying capacity but extra light series bearings bearings
run at higher speeds, assuming the bearings have
the same bore diameter and of similar internal construction.
Dr. Salah Gasim Ahmed YIC 1
2. Mechanical Design Rolling Contact bearings
6.2 Standardisation of ball bearings:
Through the effort of the society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) the
manufacturers of radial ball bearings have adopted the international standard
dimensions, according to which the light series is designated by the number
200, the medium by 300 and the heavy by 400. The last two digits of a standard
bearing number designate the bore diameter which comes in multiple of 5 mm,
see fig. (6.3)
6.3 Main parts of a typical ball bearing
6309
Bearing type Series number Bore diameter
Fig. (6.3) Bearing designation number
The main parts of a typical ball bearing are :
1. The outer ring, (outer
race). Ball Ball
2. The inner ring ,(inner retainer
race).
3. The rolling elements,
(ball).
4. The ball retainer (the cage)
See fig. (6.4)
6.4 Selection of ball bearings: Inner
In selecting a ball bearing from ring Outer ring
trade catalogue for specific installation
three main points must be considered:
1. The bearing must be of the series Fig. (6.4) Main parts of a typical ball bearing
best suited to the installation, in
regard to both capacity and
dimensions.
2. The type of bearing selected, radial,
thrust or combined must be suitable for the type of imposed load.
3. The size of the bearing must be such as to give the required length of service
with sufficient assurance.
In the majority of applications ball bearings have to resist some combination
of radial and thrust loads. The bearing rating is always referred to a radial load.
There for the combined load must be reduced to an equivalent radial load.
Dr. Salah Gasim Ahmed YIC 2
3. Mechanical Design Rolling Contact bearings
Various catalogues give different methods of reduction. In general the
equivalent load Fe may be computed by the equation:
Fe = XFr + YFa (6.1)
Where,
Fe : equivalent radial load
Fr : actual radial load
Fa : actual axial load
X and Y are coefficients which depends on the ratio Fa/Fr. For most bearings
The values given in table (6.1) are suitable.
Table (6.1) Values of X and Y
e of bearing Y X
p groove 1.5 1
ular contact 1 0.5
aligning 2.5 0.5
Experiments have shown that the life of a ball bearing is a function of the
load it carries. It also showed that the service life of a ball bearing is inversely
proportional to the value of the load it carries raised to power 3. In other words
it can be expressed by the equation
Ln = (C) 3
(6.2)
Fe
Where,
C: dynamic specific capacity of bearing.
Ln: Life of bearing in millions of revolution.
Fe : Equivalent load
Table (6.4) shows the dynamic specific capacity for SKF bearings. SKF
engineers introduced speed factor and life factor which can be taken from fig.
(6.5) and fig. (6.6) respectively. The required dynamic capacity can be obtained
from the equation:
f s Fe f h
Fc ≥ (6.3)
fn
Where
fs: safety factor
fn : speed factor
fh : life factor
Fc : dynamic capacity of the bearing
Bearing life
Life in working
Class of machine
hours
1 Instruments and apparatus that are used only seldom.
Dr. Salah Gasim Ahmed YIC 3
4. Mechanical Design Rolling Contact bearings
Demonstration apparatus, mechanisms for operating
sliding doors
2 Aircraft engines 2000 - 1000
Machines used for short periods or intermittently and
whose brake down would not have serious
consequences; hand tools, lifting tackles in
3 8000 - 4000
workshops, hand operated machines, generally
agricultural machines, cranes in erecting shops,
domestic machines
Machines working intermittently and where
breakdown would have serious consequences.
4 Auxiliary machines in power stations, conveyor plant 12000 - 8000
for flow production, lifts cranes for piece goods;
machine tools used infrequently
Machine for use 8 hours per day and fully utilized:
5 20000 - 12000
.stationary electric motors, general purpose gear units
Machine for use 8 hours per day and fully utilized:
6 machines for engineering industry generally: cranes 30000 - 20000
for bulk goods, ventilating fans, countershafts
Machines for continuous use 24 hours per day:
Separators, compressors, pumps, mine hoist,
7 60000 - 40000
stationary electric machines, machines in continuous
operations on board naval ships
Machines required to work ith high degree of
reliability 24 hours per day: pulp and paper
8 machinery; public power plants, mine pumps, pumps 200000 - 100000
in water works, machinery in continuous operation on
board merchant ships
6.5 Installation of ball bearings:
In the installation of ball bearings the following points must be
considered separately:
1. The shaft must be designed to take the inner ring (race)., see fig. (6.7)
2. A suitable mounting must be designed for the outer ring (race).
3. Lubrication must be provided for the bearing
4. Methods of sealing the lubricant and preventing penetration of foreign
matter must be provided.
Dr. Salah Gasim Ahmed YIC 4
5. Mechanical Design Rolling Contact bearings
Example 1
Determine the load capacity of a single row deep-groove SKF bearing –
SKF 10, medium series, that must run 2000 hours at 700 rpm.
Solution:
From table (6.4) C = 10400 lb
Fig. (6.7) A method of fastening ball bearing to a shaft
From fig.(6.5) fn = 0.36
From fig.(6.6) fh = 1.58
f s Fe f h
Hence from equation (6.3) Fc ≥ fn
Fc f n
Fe =
fs fh
Take safety factor fs = 1
10400 x0.36
Fe =
1x1.58
Fe = 2370
Example 2
A shaft is supported by two bearings. One of the bearings carries a radial
load of 200 lb and an axial load of 500 lb with minor shocks. The shaft runs at
230 rpm and operates 10 hours per day for 5 days per week. Select a suitable
Dr. Salah Gasim Ahmed YIC 5
6. Mechanical Design Rolling Contact bearings
ball bearing with a service life of 2 years if the diameter of the shaft can be
varied between 3 16 and 3 1 .
15
2
Solution
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Dr. Salah Gasim Ahmed YIC 6
7. Mechanical Design Rolling Contact bearings
Exercises
1. The main shaft in a reduction gear-box is shown in fig.(1). The shaft is to be
supported by two deep groove ball bearing at A and D. In addition to the
radial loads the shaft carries an axial load of 175 lb. Determine the bearings
loads and select suitable single row deep groove bearings if the shaft rotates
at 1200 rpm and operates 7 hours per day, five days a week for five years.
Take factor of safety = 1.5. The maximum diameter of the shaft at both ends
should not exceed 30 mm
100 lb
2 in 250 lb
3 in
1 in
A
Gear B 175 lb
Gear C D
Fig.(1)
2. Select suitable deep groove ball bearings for the spindle of a woodworking
machine revolving at 1200 rpm. One bearing is subjected to a radial load of
600 lb and the other carries a radial load of 820 lb. An axial load of 310 lb is
acting along the machine spindle. The machine is to be used 8 hours per day
and 5 days a week, and a service life of 10 years is desired. The diameter of
the spindle is 2 in. and can be turned down slightly.
3. A reduction gear-box is shown in fig.(2). It consists of two helical gears
fixed to shafts X and Y. Shaft X is supported by two single row deep groove
ball bearings. On shaft X, the bearings and the helical gear are located as
follows:
The distance between the centre of pulley and centre of bearing A =
35 mm,
The distance between the centre of pulley and centre of helical gear
= 90 mm,
The distance between the centre of pulley and centre of bearing B =
135 mm.
Dr. Salah Gasim Ahmed YIC 7
8. Mechanical Design Rolling Contact bearings
The helical gear exerts the following loads on shaft X:
Radial load = 100 lb
Tangential load = 150 lb
Axial load = 50 lb
Bearing A Shaft X Bearing B
Shaft Y
Fig.(2)
4. Determine the bearings loads and select suitable single row deep groove
bearings if the shaft rotates at 1500 rpm and operates 8 hours per day, seven
days a week for five years. Take factor of safety = 1.5
5. A shaft supported by two ball bearings: A and B is shown in fig. (3). The
shaft carries two pulleys with radial loads 250 lb and 600 lb. An axial load of
300 lb is acting along the shaft in the direction indicated by the arrow. The
shaft runs at speed of 1500 rpm for 8 hours per day and 5 days a week, and a
2 inch 2 inch 1 inch 600 Lb
300 Lb
Bearing A Bearing B
250 Lb
Fig. (3)
service life of 10 years is desired. The minimum diameter of the shaft is not
less than 1 inch. Select suitable ball bearings.
Dr. Salah Gasim Ahmed YIC 8
9. Mechanical Design Rolling Contact bearings
6. Determine the load capacity of a single row deep-groove SKF bearing – SKF
15, heavy series, that must run 3000 hours at 600 rpm. Fig. (4) shows a
shaft supported by two ball bearings and runs at 1000 rpm. A radial and
axial loads act on the shaft with minor shocks. If the shafts operate for 16
hours per day and total service life required is 3 years select suitable
bearings for the shaft. The minimum diameter off both ends of the shaft is
not less than 9 mm.
7. Select suitable ball bearings for the spindle of a woodworking machine
revolving at 1200 rpm. One bearing is subjected to a radial load of 600 lb
900 lb
8 inch 4 inch
150 lb
B A
Fig. (4)
and a thrust load of 450 lb; the other carries only a radial load of 650 lb. The
machine is to be used 8 hour per day and 5 days a week, and a service life
of 10 years is desired. The diameter of the spindle is 2 in. and can be turned
down slightly.
8. A ball bearing is to be used on a drill press operating at 3000 rpm with a 250
lb maximum thrust load and 500 lb radial load. The press will be operated
five 8-hour days a week but will be idle 20% of the time. Determine thr type
and size of the bearing (a) if it should last 1 year. (b) if it should last 2
years.
9. Determine the radial capacity of an SKF 6211-Z bearing running at 500 rpm
and carrying an axial load of 500 lb, for 2 years of continuous service.
10.A shaft is supported by two bearings 16 in apart and carries a bevel gear of
7.75 in pitch diameter. The gear is at 6 in from one end of the shaft. The
gear produces a radial load of 2150 lb and a thrust load of 625 lb when
rotating at 525 rpm. .Determine :
(a) The shaft diameter if the shaft is made of SAE1045 steel and
(b) The proper type and size of ball bearings to be used on each end of the
shaft. The desired life is 2 years at 50 hour/week.
Dr. Salah Gasim Ahmed YIC 9
10. Mechanical Design Rolling Contact bearings
Table (6.2) Safety factors for MRB ball bearings
Safety factor, life
Safety factor, life of 5 to 10 years
of 10 to 20 years
Load conditions
Intermittent 10 hours per day Continuous Continuous
Steady load 0.5 ------ 1 1.5 2 3
Light shock 1 ------- 2 2.5 3 4
Moderate shock 2 ------- 3 3.5 4 5
Severe shock 3-------- 4 4.5 5 6
Table (6.1) Values of X and Y
f bearing Y X
roove 1.5 1
r contact 1 0.5
gning 2.5 0.5
Table (6.3) Over-all dimensions of radial ball bearings
SAE (Bore of inner race (d Outside diameter D mm (Width B (mm
Bearing 200 300 400 200 300 400
Number mm in
series series series series series series
00 10 0.3937 30 35 …… 9 11 ……
01 12 0.4724 32 37 …… 10 12 ……
02 15 0.5906 35 42 …… 11 13 ……
03 17 0.6693 40 47 62 12 14 17
04 20 0.7874 47 52 72 14 15 19
05 25 0.9843 52 62 80 15 17 21
06 30 1.1811 62 72 90 16 19 23
07 35 1.3780 72 80 100 17 21 25
08 40 1.5748 80 90 110 18 23 27
09 45 1.7717 85 100 120 19 25 29
10 50 1.9685 90 110 130 20 27 31
11 55 2.1654 100 120 140 21 29 33
12 60 2.3622 110 130 150 22 31 35
13 65 2.5591 120 140 160 23 33 37
14 70 2.7559 125 150 180 24 35 42
15 75 2.9528 130 160 190 25 37 45
16 80 3.1496 140 170 200 26 39 48
17 85 3.3465 150 180 210 28 41 52
18 90 3.5433 160 190 225 30 43 54
19 95 3.7402 170 200 …… 32 45 ……
20 100 3.9370 180 215 …… 34 47 ……
21 105 4.1339 190 225 …… 36 49 ……
22 110 4.3307 200 240 …… 38 50 ……
Dr. Salah Gasim Ahmed YIC 10