Rotating machineries are always subject to vibrations due to critical speeds, unbalance, and instability. Usually the least expensive modification of a machine to make is the bearing. A wide variety of bearings have been developed to combat some of the different types of vibration problems. This report consist the analysis of 360deg hydrodynamic bearing of Boiler Feed water Pump. The boiler feed water pump is very critical rotatory equipment of Thermal power plant the bearing of this pump must be able to withstand in vibration and other hydraulic forces while still maintaining a high degree of reliability. This report consist analysis and design of 360 hydrodynamic bearing also replacing fixed pad by flexural pad and analysis bearing vibration and compare vibration for the same condition with the help of FEM Method in ANSYS.
Sliding Contact Bearing Theory Prof. Sagar DhotareSagar Dhotare
In present ppt covers following points:
Introduction of Sliding Contact Bearings
Classification
Applications
Different lubrications systems
Hydrodynamic bearing concept and working
Comparison between sliding and rolling contact bearings
PETROFF’S EQUATION For Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing
Dimensionless Parameters used in SCB
Design procedure for Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing
In this PPT you will learn about Bearings, Its Types, Classifications, Uses, How to select them according to use with proper and neat Diagrams and pictures.
Bearings are the simple machine components that used to constrain the rotational motion of rotational components of Thrust Bearingsa machine and reduce the friction between the stationary and movable parts. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Thrust Bearings:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/thrust-bearings.aspx
Sliding Contact Bearing Theory Prof. Sagar DhotareSagar Dhotare
In present ppt covers following points:
Introduction of Sliding Contact Bearings
Classification
Applications
Different lubrications systems
Hydrodynamic bearing concept and working
Comparison between sliding and rolling contact bearings
PETROFF’S EQUATION For Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing
Dimensionless Parameters used in SCB
Design procedure for Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing
In this PPT you will learn about Bearings, Its Types, Classifications, Uses, How to select them according to use with proper and neat Diagrams and pictures.
Bearings are the simple machine components that used to constrain the rotational motion of rotational components of Thrust Bearingsa machine and reduce the friction between the stationary and movable parts. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Thrust Bearings:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/thrust-bearings.aspx
Optimised designs can be supplied in taper roller bearings with high strength cages and, for arduous applications, in a range of advanced special materials.
Here you can see all about of bearings and thrust bearing. If you want
To know more information about its , then you feel free to visit web
Portal of tradeindia.
Optimised designs can be supplied in taper roller bearings with high strength cages and, for arduous applications, in a range of advanced special materials.
Here you can see all about of bearings and thrust bearing. If you want
To know more information about its , then you feel free to visit web
Portal of tradeindia.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF GAS LUBRICATED CYLINDRICAL JOURNAL BEARING USING FS...Venkata Sai Teja Gunuputi
To choose the best suitable lubricant for different eccentricity ratio and L/D ratio combinations of journal bearings by considering the pressure, deformation and stress results obtained in analysis.
FDM Numerical solution of Laplace Equation using MATLABAya Zaki
Finite Difference Method Numerical solution of Laplace Equation using MATLAB. 2 computational methods are used.
U can vary the number of grid points and the boundary conditions
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FULL JOURNAL BEARING WITH BIO LUBRICANTS – JATROPHA OIL,...IAEME Publication
The present study was carried with an aim of checking the feasibility of usage of bio-lubricants as a lubricant in hydrodynamic full journal bearing. Three bio-lubricants Castor oil, Neem oil, Jatropha oil and mineral oil SAE 20W50 is used alternatively to check the output of the journal bearing
operating parameters.
One dim, steady-state, heat conduction_with_heat_generationtmuliya
This file contains slides on One-dimensional, steady-state heat conduction with heat generation.
The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students in Mechanical Engineering Dept. of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India, during Sept. – Dec. 2010.
It is hoped that these Slides will be useful to teachers, students, researchers and professionals working in this field.
This file contains slides on One-dimensional, steady state heat conduction without heat generation. The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students.
Topics covered: Plane slab - composite slabs – contact resistance – cylindrical Systems – composite cylinders - spherical systems – composite spheres - critical thickness of insulation – optimum thickness – systems with variable thermal conductivity
Numerical methods in Transient-heat-conductiontmuliya
This file contains slides on Numerical methods in Transient heat conduction.
The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students in Mechanical Engineering Dept. of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India, during Sept. – Dec. 2010.
Contents: Finite difference eqns. by energy balance – Explicit and Implicit methods – 1-D transient conduction in a plane wall – stability criterion – Problems - 2-D transient heat conduction – Finite diff. eqns. for interior nodes – Explicit and Implicit methods - stability criterion – difference eqns for different boundary conditions – Accuracy considerations – discretization error and round–off error - Problems
NUMERICAL METHODS IN STEADY STATE, 1D and 2D HEAT CONDUCTION- Part-IItmuliya
This file contains slides on NUMERICAL METHODS IN STEADY STATE 1D and 2D HEAT CONDUCTION – Part-II.
The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students in Mechanical Engineering Dept. of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India, during Sept. – Dec. 2010.
Contents: Methods of solving a system of simultaneous, algebraic equations - 1D steady state conduction in cylindrical and spherical systems - 2D steady state conduction in cartesian coordinates - Problems
This file contains slides on Transient Heat conduction: Part-I
The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students in Mechanical Engineering Dept. of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India, during Sept. – Dec. 2010. Contents: Lumped system analysis – criteria for lumped system analysis – Biot and Fourier Numbers – Response time of a thermocouple - One-dimensional transient conduction in large plane walls, long cylinders and spheres when Bi > 0.1 – one-term approximation - Heisler and Grober charts- Problems
THERMOHYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PLAIN JOURNAL BEARING WITH MODIFIED VISCOSITY ...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this paper is to predict the temperature distribution in fluid-film, bush housing and journal along with pressure in fluid-film using a non-dimensional viscosity-temperature equation. There are two main governing equations as, the Reynolds equation for the pressure
distribution and the energy equation for the temperature distribution. These governing equations are coupled with each other through the viscosity. The viscosity decreases as temperature increases. The hydrodynamic pressure field was obtained through the solution of the Generalized Reynolds
equation. This equation was solved numerically by using finite element method.
THERMAL STRESS ANALYSIS OF A BALL BEARING BY FINITE ELEMENT METHODIAEME Publication
High cutting speeds and feeds are essential requirements of a machine tool structure to accomplish its basic function which is to produce a work piece of the required geometric form with an acceptable surface finish at as high a rate of production as is economically possible. Since bearings in high speed spindle units are the main source of heat generation. Friction in bearings causes an increase of the temperature inside the bearing. If the heat produced cannot be adequately removed from the bearing, the temperature might exceed a certain limit, and as a result the bearing would fail. To analyse the heat flow in a bearing system, a typical ball bearing and its environment has been modelled and analysed using the finite element method. The maximum temperature in the bearing has been calculated as a function of heat generation with the rotational speed as a parameter. The goal of this analysis is to see how fast the temperature changes in the bearing system with respect to rotational speeds. In this thesis, at high speed range, a steady state thermal-stress simulation is performed by using FEA method to investigate temperature distribution of the bearing and the result shows that the temperature increases gradually with increase in rotational speed and it is validated by analytical formulation done. Further the increase of rotation speed the inner ring centrifugal displacement increases which causes larger contact deformation and stress. The dynamic stiffness of the variable preload bearing is analysed analytically and it is found that the radial stiffness decreases with increase in rotational speeds.
Bearing Life Optimization of Taper Roller Bearingijsrd.com
The life of the Taper Roller Bearing is most important factor with the optimum dimension, life and the geometry both of these are important to stay in the market. These parameters are determined the cost and quality of the bearing. To increase the life of bearings, the dimension of the bearing should be optimum to get the reliability and function of the bearing. In this project the geometry of the bearing component is trying to optimize with the desired life. By optimize the dimension of the Pocket corner radious of bearing component, the total mass of the bearing component. By reducing the weight of the bearing component ultimately total efficiency as well as total cost of the bearing is also reduced. The mass of bearing is reduced by changing the geometry of the dimension of the bearing component. The optimization has been carried out by keeping the results of the existing bearing constant.
A suspension system or shock absorber is a mechanical device designed to smooth out or damp shock
impulse, and dissipate kinetic energy. The shock absorbers duty is to absorb or dissipate energy. In a
vehicle, it reduces the effect of travelling over rough ground, leading to improved ride quality, and increase in
comfort due to substantially reduced amplitude of disturbances. The design of spring in suspension system
is very important. In this project a shock absorber is designed and a 3D model is created using CATIA V5. The
model is also changed by changing the thickness of the spring. Structural analysis and modal analysis are
done on the shock absorber by varying material for spring, Spring Steel and Beryllium Copper. The analysis
is done by considering loads, bike weight, single person and 2 persons. Structural analysis is done to
validate the strength and modal analysis is done to determine the displacements for different frequencies for
number of modes. Comparison is done for two materials to verify best material for spring in Shock absorber
Design Evaluation of a Two-Wheeler Suspension System for Variable Load Condit...IJMTST Journal
A suspension system or shock absorber is a mechanical device designed to smooth out or damp shock
impulse, and dissipate kinetic energy. The shock absorbers duty is to absorb or dissipate energy. In a
vehicle, it reduces the effect of travelling over rough ground, leading to improved ride quality, and increase in
comfort due to substantially reduced amplitude of disturbances. The design of spring in suspension system
is very important. In this project a shock absorber is designed and a 3D model is created using CATIA V5. The
model is also changed by changing the thickness of the spring. Structural analysis and modal analysis are
done on the shock absorber by varying material for spring, Spring Steel and Beryllium Copper. The analysis
is done by considering loads, bike weight, single person and 2 persons. Structural analysis is done to
validate the strength and modal analysis is done to determine the displacements for different frequencies for
number of modes. Comparison is done for two materials to verify best material for spring in Shock absorber.
Project aim is contribute in torsional vibration th eory and their practical experiences used in damper s which are widely used in automobile application & civil applications. Projec t is sponsored by �Hodek vibration Technologies pvt ltd�,pune. This is largest dampers manufacturer of torsional vibration dampers for diesel engines. This report paper high lights a number of important considerations for the torsional viscous damper system as well as design philosophies to ass ess and mitigate the risk of torsional failures. Damping properties are of si gnificant importance in determining the dynamic res ponse of structures,and accurate prediction of them at the design stage,es pecially in the case of light-weight,wind-sensitiv e buildings,is very desirable. Unfortunately,damping parameters cannot be deduced deterministically from other structural properties and recourse is generally made to data from experiments conducted o n completed structures of similar characteristics. Such data is scarce but valuable,both for direct use in design and for fur thering research into the phenomenon of damping.
GEOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF CRANK SHAFT FOR OPTIMUM DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENT OF LIFEIjripublishers Ijri
Crankshaft is a component in an engine which converts the reciprocating motion of the piston to the rotary motion. Design
of a crankshaft of Honda engine, it is assembled by the connecting rod and piston components in Pro engineering.
The designed model of engine crankshaft is analyzed in pro engineering by using its mechanism. Piston generates the
forces due to the combustion. These forces acting on the piston are analyzed by using their mechanisms with respect
to crank angle.
UNASIS precision bearing cam followers and yoke rollers offer a great alternative to the mainstream brands, coupled with greater flexibility in terms of range, pecification and size which allows you to design with the freedom of knowing there is a bearing size to suit.
For more details visit: http://www.carterbearings.co.uk/unasis/
Design and Fabrication of Manual Spring Rolling MachineIJERA Editor
This paper is to discuss to design and fabrication of a manual spring rolling machine by a simple mechanism arrangement for the production of closed and open coil helical springs. This machine is operated by manual method. This machine produces closed coil helical spring of different diameter and different length. Rolling is the process of bending metal wire to a curved form. The article in the shape of round is made by spring roller shaft. Rolling operation can be done on hand or power operated rolling machine. It can make a spring from a shaft. A shaft is a rotating machine element which is used to transmit power from one place to another. A bearing is machine element which supports another moving machine element. Guider is used to guide the raw material (spring wire). This guider moves on the shaft automatically. This self-movement is achieved by the lead of spring. Handle is used to operate the rolling machine manually, without electric power frame is carries an all parts of the machine, it is made up of mild steel. A work holding mechanism is used to hold the mandrel; it is attached to the main shaft of machine. Mandrel is fitting in the work holding mechanism, the mandrel’s outer diameter is known as internal diameter of the spring.
Similar to Analysis of hydrodynamic fixed pad bearing to reduce vibration by replacing flexural pad in place of fixed pad (20)
Due to availability of internet and evolution of embedded devices, Internet of things can be useful to contribute in energy domain. The Internet of Things (IoT) will deliver a smarter grid to enable more information and connectivity throughout the infrastructure and to homes. Through the IoT, consumers, manufacturers and utility providers will come across new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve resources and save money by using smart meters, home gateways, smart plugs and connected appliances. The future smart home, various devices will be able to measure and share their energy consumption, and actively participate in house-wide or building wide energy management systems. This paper discusses the different approaches being taken worldwide to connect the smart grid. Full system solutions can be developed by combining hardware and software to address some of the challenges in building a smarter and more connected smart grid.
A Survey Report on : Security & Challenges in Internet of Thingsijsrd.com
In the era of computing technology, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are now popular in each and every domains like e-governance, e-Health, e-Home, e-Commerce, and e-Trafficking etc. Iot is spreading from small to large applications in all fields like Smart Cities, Smart Grids, Smart Transportation. As on one side IoT provide facilities and services for the society. On the other hand, IoT security is also a crucial issues.IoT security is an area which totally concerned for giving security to connected devices and networks in the IoT .As, IoT is vast area with usability, performance, security, and reliability as a major challenges in it. The growth of the IoT is exponentially increases as driven by market pressures, which proportionally increases the security threats involved in IoT The relationship between the security and billions of devices connecting to the Internet cannot be described with existing mathematical methods. In this paper, we explore the opportunities possible in the IoT with security threats and challenges associated with it.
In today’s emerging world of Internet, each and every thing is supposed to be in connected mode with the help of billions of smart devices. By connecting all the devises used in our day to day life, make our life trouble less and easy. We are incorporated in a world where we are used to have smart phones, smart cars, smart gadgets, smart homes and smart cities. Different institutes and researchers are working for creating a smart world for us but real question which we need to emphasis on is how to make dumb devises talk with uncommon hardware and communication technology. For the same what kind of mechanism to use with various protocols and less human interaction. The purpose is to provide the key area for application of IoT and a platform on which various devices having different mechanism and protocols can communicate with an integrated architecture.
Study on Issues in Managing and Protecting Data of IOTijsrd.com
This paper discusses variety of issues for preserving and managing data produced by IoT. Every second large amount of data are added or updated in the IoT databases across the heterogeneous environment. While managing the data each phase of data processing for IoT data is exigent like storing data, querying, indexing, transaction management and failure handling. We also refer to the problem of data integration and protection as data requires to be fit in single layout and travel securely as they arrive in the pool from diversified sources in different structure. Finally, we confer a standardized pathway to manage and to defend data in consistent manner.
Interactive Technologies for Improving Quality of Education to Build Collabor...ijsrd.com
Today with advancement in Information Communication Technology (ICT) the way the education is being delivered is seeing a paradigm shift from boring classroom lectures to interactive applications such as 2-D and 3-D learning content, animations, live videos, response systems, interactive panels, education games, virtual laboratories and collaborative research (data gathering and analysis) etc. Engineering is emerging with more innovative solutions in the field of education and bringing out their innovative products to improve education delivery. The academic institutes which were once hesitant to use such technology are now looking forward to such innovations. They are adopting the new ways as they are realizing the vast benefits of using such methods and technology. The benefits are better comprehensibility, improved learning efficiency of students, and access to vast knowledge resources, geographical reach, quick feedback, accountability and quality research. This paper focuses on how engineering can leverage the latest technology and build a collaborative learning environment which can then be integrated with the national e-learning grid.
Internet of Things - Paradigm Shift of Future Internet Application for Specia...ijsrd.com
In the world more than 15% people are living with disability that also include children below age of 10 years. Due to lack of independent support services specially abled (handicap) people overly rely on other people for their basic needs, that excludes them from being financially and socially active. The Internet of Things (IoT) can give support system and a better quality of life as well as participation in routine and day to day life. For this purpose, the future solutions for current problems has been introduced in this paper. Daunting challenges have been considered as future research and glimpse of the IoT for specially abled person is given in the paper.
A Study of the Adverse Effects of IoT on Student's Lifeijsrd.com
Internet of things (IoT) is the most powerful invention and if used in the positive direction, internet can prove to be very productive. But, now a days, due to the social networking sites such as Face book, WhatsApp, twitter, hike etc. internet is producing adverse effects on the student life, especially those students studying at college Level. As it is rightly said, something which has some positive effects also has some of the negative effects on the other hand. In this article, we are discussing some adverse effects of IoT on student’s life.
Pedagogy for Effective use of ICT in English Language Learningijsrd.com
The use of information and communications technology (ICT) in education is a relatively new phenomenon and it has been the educational researchers' focus of attention for more than two decades. Educators and researchers examine the challenges of using ICT and think of new ways to integrate ICT into the curriculum. However, there are some barriers for the teachers that prevent them to use ICT in the classroom and develop supporting materials through ICT. The purpose of this study is to examine the high school English teachers’ perceptions of the factors discouraging teachers to use ICT in the classroom.
In recent years usage of private vehicles create urban traffic more and more crowded. As result traffic becomes one of the important problems in big cities in all over the world. Some of the traffic concerns are traffic jam and accidents which have caused a huge waste of time, more fuel consumption and more pollution. Time is very important parameter in routine life. The main problem faced by the people is real time routing. Our solution Virtual Eye will provide the current updates as in the real time scenario of the specific route. This research paper presents smart traffic navigation system, based on Internet of Things, which is featured by low cost, high compatibility, easy to upgrade, to replace traditional traffic management system and the proposed system can improve road traffic tremendously.
Ontological Model of Educational Programs in Computer Science (Bachelor and M...ijsrd.com
In this work there is illustrated an ontological model of educational programs in computer science for bachelor and master degrees in Computer science and for master educational program “Computer science as second competence†by Tempus project PROMIS.
Understanding IoT Management for Smart Refrigeratorijsrd.com
Lately the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is being more elaborated and devices and databases are proposed thereby to meet the need of an Internet of Things scenario. IoT is being considered to be an integral part of smart house where devices will be connected to each other and also react upon certain environmental input. This will eventually include the home refrigerator, air conditioner, lights, heater and such other home appliances. Therefore, we focus our research on the database part for such an IoT’ fridge which we called as smart Fridge. We describe the potentials achievable through a database for an IoT refrigerator to manage the refrigerator food and also aid the creation of a monthly budget of the house for a family. The paper aims at the data management issue based on a proposed design for an intelligent refrigerator leveraging the sensor technology and the wireless communication technology. The refrigerator which identifies products by reading the barcodes or RFID tags is proposed to order the required products by connecting to the Internet. Thus the goal of this paper is to minimize human interaction to maintain the daily life events.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION SYSTEM USING FINITE ELEMENT...ijsrd.com
Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel. 3-D model of the Lower Wishbone Arm is prepared by using CAD software for modal and stress analysis. The forces and moments are used as the boundary conditions for finite element model of the wishbone arm. By using these boundary conditions static analysis is carried out. Then making the load as a function of time; quasi-static analysis of the wishbone arm is carried out. A finite element based optimization is used to optimize the design of lower wishbone arm. Topology optimization and material optimization techniques are used to optimize lower wishbone arm design.
A Review: Microwave Energy for materials processingijsrd.com
Microwave energy is a latest largest growing technique for material processing. This paper presents a review of microwave technologies used for material processing and its use for industrial applications. Advantages in using microwave energy for processing material include rapid heating, high heating efficiency, heating uniformity and clean energy. The microwave heating has various characteristics and due to which it has been become popular for heating low temperature applications to high temperature applications. In recent years this novel technique has been successfully utilized for the processing of metallic materials. Many researchers have reported microwave energy for sintering, joining and cladding of metallic materials. The aim of this paper is to show the use of microwave energy not only for non-metallic materials but also the metallic materials. The ability to process metals with microwave could assist in the manufacturing of high performance metal parts desired in many industries, for example in automotive and aeronautical industries.
Web Usage Mining: A Survey on User's Navigation Pattern from Web Logsijsrd.com
With an expontial growth of World Wide Web, there are so many information overloaded and it became hard to find out data according to need. Web usage mining is a part of web mining, which deal with automatic discovery of user navigation pattern from web log. This paper presents an overview of web mining and also provide navigation pattern from classification and clustering algorithm for web usage mining. Web usage mining contain three important task namely data preprocessing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis based on discovered pattern. And also contain the comparative study of web mining techniques.
APPLICATION OF STATCOM to IMPROVED DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF POWER SYSTEMijsrd.com
Application of FACTS controller called Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM to improve the performance of power grid with Wind Farms is investigated .The essential feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject fastly the reactive power with power grid . Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM FACTS device is achieved. Moreover restoring the stability of the power system having wind farm after occurring severe disturbance such as faults or wind farm mechanical power variation is obtained with STATCOM controller . The dynamic model of the power system having wind farm controlled by proposed STATCOM is developed . To validate the powerful of the STATCOM FACTS controller, the studied power system is simulated and subjected to different severe disturbances. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in terms of fast damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system stability.
Making model of dual axis solar tracking with Maximum Power Point Trackingijsrd.com
Now a days solar harvesting is more popular. As the popularity become higher the material quality and solar tracking methods are more improved. There are several factors affecting the solar system. Major influence on solar cell, intensity of source radiation and storage techniques The materials used in solar cell manufacturing limit the efficiency of solar cell. This makes it particularly difficult to make considerable improvements in the performance of the cell, and hence restricts the efficiency of the overall collection process. Therefore, the most attainable maximum power point tracking method of improving the performance of solar power collection is to increase the mean intensity of radiation received from the source used. The purposed of tracking system controls elevation and orientation angles of solar panels such that the panels always maintain perpendicular to the sunlight. The measured variables of our automatic system were compared with those of a fixed angle PV system. As a result of the experiment, the voltage generated by the proposed tracking system has an overall of about 28.11% more than the fixed angle PV system. There are three major approaches for maximizing power extraction in medium and large scale systems. They are sun tracking, maximum power point (MPP) tracking or both.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
In day today's relevance, it is mandatory to device the usage of diesel in an economic way. In present scenario, the very low combustion efficiency of CI engine leads to poor performance of engine and produces emission due to incomplete combustion. Study of research papers is focused on the improvement in efficiency of the engine and reduction in emissions by adding ethanol in a diesel with different blends like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by volume. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are tested observed using blended fuels and comparative assessment is done with the performance and emission characteristics of engine using pure diesel.
Study and Review on Various Current Comparatorsijsrd.com
This paper presents study and review on various current comparators. It also describes low voltage current comparator using flipped voltage follower (FVF) to obtain the single supply voltage. This circuit has short propagation delay and occupies a small chip area as compare to other current comparators. The results of this circuit has obtained using PSpice simulator for 0.18 μm CMOS technology and a comparison has been performed with its non FVF counterpart to contrast its effectiveness, simplicity, compactness and low power consumption.
Reducing Silicon Real Estate and Switching Activity Using Low Power Test Patt...ijsrd.com
Power dissipation is a challenging problem for today's system-on-chip design and test. This paper presents a novel architecture which generates the test patterns with reduced switching activities; it has the advantage of low test power and low hardware overhead. The proposed LP-TPG (test pattern generator) structure consists of modified low power linear feedback shift register (LP-LFSR), m-bit counter, gray counter, NOR-gate structure and XOR-array. The seed generated from LP-LFSR is EXCLUSIVE-OR ed with the data generated from gray code generator. The XOR result of the sequence is single input changing (SIC) sequence, in turn reduces the switching activity and so power dissipation will be very less. The proposed architecture is simulated using Modelsim and synthesized using Xilinx ISE9.2.The Xilinx chip scope tool will be used to test the logic running on FPGA.
Defending Reactive Jammers in WSN using a Trigger Identification Service.ijsrd.com
In the last decade, the greatest threat to the wireless sensor network has been Reactive Jamming Attack because it is difficult to be disclosed and defend as well as due to its mass destruction to legitimate sensor communications. As discussed above about the Reactive Jammers Nodes, a new scheme to deactivate them efficiently is by identifying all trigger nodes, where transmissions invoke the jammer nodes, which has been proposed and developed. Due to this identification mechanism, many existing reactive jamming defending schemes can be benefited. This Trigger Identification can also work as an application layer .In this paper, on one side we provide the several optimization problems to provide complete trigger identification service framework for unreliable wireless sensor networks and on the other side we also provide an improved algorithm with regard to two sophisticated jamming models, in order to enhance its robustness for various network scenarios.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Analysis of hydrodynamic fixed pad bearing to reduce vibration by replacing flexural pad in place of fixed pad
1. IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 2, Issue 09, 2014 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 535
Analysis of Hydrodynamic Fixed Pad Bearing to Reduce Vibration by
Replacing Flexural Pad in Place of Fixed Pad
Mohinder Kumar Khare1 Kapil Lakhani2
1
P.G. Student 2
Assistant Professor
1,2
Department of Mechanical Engineering
1
Gujarat Technological University, India 2
Veerayatan Group of Institutions, India
Abstract— Rotating machineries are always subject to
vibrations due to critical speeds, unbalance, and instability.
Usually the least expensive modification of a machine to
make is the bearing. A wide variety of bearings have been
developed to combat some of the different types of vibration
problems. This report consist the analysis of 360deg
hydrodynamic bearing of Boiler Feed water Pump. The
boiler feed water pump is very critical rotatory equipment of
Thermal power plant the bearing of this pump must be able
to withstand in vibration and other hydraulic forces while
still maintaining a high degree of reliability. This report
consist analysis and design of 360 hydrodynamic bearing
also replacing fixed pad by flexural pad and analysis bearing
vibration and compare vibration for the same condition with
the help of FEM Method in ANSYS.
Key words: Hydrodynamic Fixed Pad Bearing, Flexural Pad,
Fitted journal bearings
NOMENCLATURE
c= radial clearance
D= bearing diameter
e= eccentricity
f= friction coefficient
fm= unit volume value of the induced magnetic
force
h= lubricant film thickness
hm= magnetic field intensity
hmo=characteristic value of magnetic field
intensity
J= Jacobian of transformation
Mg= magnetization of the ferrofluid
Rs= radius of inner cylinder
Ro= distance between each grid point and the
bearing centre
ri= radius of outer cylinder
rw= displaced distance from the wire position to
the bearing centre
Re= Reynolds number
(u,v)= velocity components in x and y- direction
(U,V)= velocity components in ξ and η-direction
V= linear velocity in the inner cylinder
(x,y)= coordinates in physical domain
Z= physical plane
ε= eccentricity ratio = e/c
ηs= the value of η on the inner cylinder
θ= angle in direction of rotation
θi= the half of the span of groove angle
µ= viscosity
µo=permeability of free space of air
ρ= density
(ξ, η)= coordinates in computational domain
ɸ= attitude angle
ψ= position angle of the displaced wire magnetic
model
ω= angular velocity of the inner cylinder.
I. HISTORY
In the late 1880s, experiments were being conducted on the
lubrication of bearing surfaces. The idea of “floating” a load
on a film of oil grew from the experiments of Beauchamp
Tower and the theoretical work of Osborne Reynolds.
A. First Application
In 1912, Albert Kingsbury was contracted by the
Pennsylvania Water and Power Company to apply his
design in their hydroelectric plant at Hollywood, PA. The
existing roller bearings were causing extensive down times
(several outages a year) for inspections, repair and
replacement. The first hydrodynamic pivoted shoe thrust
bearing was installed in Unit 5 on June 22, 1912. At start-up
of the 12,000k units, the bearing wiped. In resolving the
reason for failure, much was learned about tolerances and
finishes required for the hydro-dynamic bearings to operate.
After properly finishing the runner and fitting the bearing,
the unit ran with continued good operation. This bearing,
owing to its merit of running 75 years with negligible wear
under a load of 220 tons, was designated by ASME as the
23rd International Historic Mechanical Engineering
Landmark on June 27, 1987.
II. INTRODUCTION
Hydrodynamic journal bearings are commonly used in
various rotating machines such as pumps, compressors, fans,
turbines and generators are widely used in industries. A
journal bearing is the most common hydrodynamic
bearing in which, a circular shaft, called the journal, is
made to rotate in a fixed sleeve is called the bearing. The
bearing and the journal operates with a small radial
clearance of the order of 1/1000th
of the journal radius. The
clearance space between the journal and the bearing is
assumed to be full of the lubricant. The radial load squeezes
out the oil from the journal and bearing face and metal-
to-metal contact is established. When the journal begins
to rotate inside the bearing, it will climb the bearing
surface and as journal speed is further increased; it will
force the fluid into the wedge-shaped region. Since more
and more fluid is forced into the wedge-shaped clearance
space, which begins to exert pressure with increasing journal
speed. At a particular speed, the pressure becomes enough to
support the load and the closest approach between journal
and bearing where the oil film thickness is the
minimum.
2. Analysis of Hydrodynamic Fixed Pad Bearing to Reduce Vibration by Replacing Flexural Pad in Place of Fixed Pad
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 09/2014/120)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 536
The journal bearing can be classified in to
three types according to the angle of the contact
between the journal and the bearing as the follows:
Full journal bearings: When the angle of contact of
the bearing with journal is 360°
It is used in industrial machine so that it can
accommodate radial load in any direction.
Partial journal bearings: When the angle of the
contact of the bearing with the journal is 120° but
the diameter of the journal not equal to the bearing
diameter. Partial journal bearings are used only to
accommodate one radial direction and are used in
rail road car axles. This type of bearing bear less
friction due to small angle of contact.
Fitted journal bearings: When the angle of the
contact of the bearing with the journal is 120° but
the diameter of the journal is equal to the bearing
diameter.
It is often the case in industry that a rotating
machine is designed from the point of view of the pressure
to be delivered, the flow rate to be delivered, the torque
required of the electric motor, and other factors which are
independent of vibration considerations. Near the end of the
design process the vibration characteristics of the rotor-
bearing system are considered. If vibration problems are
encountered either in the design stages or testing stages, it is
very difficult to redesign the entire rotor at this point. The
easiest change to make is often a bearing change. Thus the
designer and user of rotating machinery should be
acquainted with the fundamentals of the vibration
suppression characteristics of a number of different fluid
film bearings.
Rotating machines are commonly supported in
fluid film hydrodynamic bearings. They have relatively low
frictional resistance to turning, but more importantly provide
viscous damping to reduce lateral vibrations in these
machines. If a given machine configuration were supported
in rolling element bearings rather than the fluid film
bearings, generally the vibration would be so large as to
totally prevent operation of the machine due to vibration.
Rolling element bearings provide the stiffness necessary to
support the weight of the machine but have essentially zero
damping or shock absorbing capabilities.
A number of causes of large vibrations in rotating
machinery exist. They include machine unbalance,
hydrodynamic journal bearings themselves, interaction with
the working fluid in a machine, seals in rotating machines,
friction rubs, and internal friction due to stress reversals in
shrunk-on parts. Normally, all except the first category, due
to machine unbalance, produce large amplitude of vibration
in the machine which occurs at a different frequency from
that of the rotating frequency. The resulting dynamic shaft
motion, called instability, occurs at a frequency less than
that of the rotating speed and is called sub synchronous
vibration. Many of the bearings described in this article have
been developed specifically to combat one or another of the
causes of instability indicated above. Usually if a bearing
has good damping properties such that it will suppress one
of the causes of instability, it will also greatly moderate the
other causes as well.
To reduce vibration in high pressure and high flow
pumps after completing design process of pump we have
only one part the Bearing of Pump for redesign. In this
literature we redesign the bearing of pump by replacing its
fixed outer race pads by flexural Pads. The flexural pad have
more stiffness and shock bearing ability, by using this pad
the bearing can absorb sudden load occurs on pad.
A. Fixed Pads-
The outer race of the bearing is divided in 4 to 6 same sized
segments, these segments are fixed in casing of bearing.
B. Flexural Pads-
It is a two piece configuration that uses electron discharge
machining to manufacture the pad, connected by a flexure
thin web to the bearing housing. This design eliminates
3. Analysis of Hydrodynamic Fixed Pad Bearing to Reduce Vibration by Replacing Flexural Pad in Place of Fixed Pad
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 09/2014/120)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 537
tolerance stack ups that usually occur during manufacturing
and assembly, pivot wear, and unloaded pad flutter
problems which occur in conventional tilting pad bearings.
Pivot flexibility makes the pad to displace along
the radial (ξ) and transverse (η ) directions. The pad also tilts
or rotates with angle (δ).
III. CONCLUSION
From review of above literature we can conclude the
following points:
The stiffness and dumping coefficient may
increase.
Direct stiffness tends to increase with load and
Shaft speed.
In case of large rotors the pivot stiffness and
corresponding fundamental flexibility can be
significant factor in determination of stability.
The modeling of a single pad using a state of the art
finite element program
The objective for my PG dissertation is to study of
Hydrodynamic bearing by replacing fixed pad to flexural
pad, and analyze vibration in both the case.
REFERENCES
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Arab, ” Analysis of A Tilting Pad Journal Bearing's
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Considering Lubrication Supply Condition.
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[13]Kyuho Sim and Daejong Kim, “Design and
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