This document discusses belt drives and the selection process for V-belts. It begins with the functions of belts, which is to transmit motion between shafts located at a distance from each other. It then describes the different types of belts and their components. The document provides steps to select a suitable V-belt size based on power transmitted, pulley speeds and sizes. It includes an example problem demonstrating the full selection process.
Machine design, machine element, Belt drives and chain drives, selection of Belt - sheave and chain - sprocket, perancangan elemen mesin, transmisi sabuk dan rantai, pemilihan sabuk-puli dan rantai-sproket
Machine design, machine element, Belt drives and chain drives, selection of Belt - sheave and chain - sprocket, perancangan elemen mesin, transmisi sabuk dan rantai, pemilihan sabuk-puli dan rantai-sproket
It is power point presentation on belt and chain drive. you can find working and mechanism of chain and belt drive and their advantage and disadvantages.....enjoy.
The working of belt drives, their different components, the forces involved and how are they transferred, to create a device of our own, innovating the current belt drive system and developing our own system based on concepts of belt drive.
Different types of Power transmission belts (v-belts). Find out what is the reference of the belt you need by knowing how to identify it with the profile dimensions
Diganosis of pulley belt system faults using vibrations analysiskhalid muhsin
This work presents the dynamic response related to varying in indispensable parameters of pulley-belt system such as rotational speed, pulleys center distance, diameters ratios and type of belt (cross section). A pulley- belt system was manufactured, and the experimental results were obtained and analyzed accurately which reveal the effects of the above parameters on system working. Then, the pulley-belt system faults were studied using vibration analysis technique. A Selected faults were created like belts damage, belt resonance case, manipulation of initial tension in the belt, introducing belt slippage while running with the pulley by adding oil between the belt and the pulley, and catching the pulley damage then an experimental results were obtained and analyzed to find out how these types of faults appear in the manufactured system.
Manufactured system was assembled from a heavy steel structure, variable speed DC motor, speed measurement tool (tachometer), two shafts of 25 mm diameter, four pillow block ball bearings, V-belts and pulleys with different diameters (10, 15, 20, 25) cm. The fabricated system presents good mechanical characteristics, like gradually changing in rotational speed (500 to 2000) rpm, diameters ratios (1 to 2.5) and center distance (27 to 120) cm. Vibration sensors ADXL335 (3-axis accelerometer) were mounted on bearing brackets of drive and driven shafts and connected to Arduino type mega 2560 (microcontroller), which sends the data of vibration to the laptop in order to display it in Sigview software in the time and frequency domain band by FFT (fast fourier transform).
The results of FFT is used for the effect of each type of faults and dynamic response of changing parameters comparing with the healthy condition (FFT band) of the system.
It is power point presentation on belt and chain drive. you can find working and mechanism of chain and belt drive and their advantage and disadvantages.....enjoy.
The working of belt drives, their different components, the forces involved and how are they transferred, to create a device of our own, innovating the current belt drive system and developing our own system based on concepts of belt drive.
Different types of Power transmission belts (v-belts). Find out what is the reference of the belt you need by knowing how to identify it with the profile dimensions
Diganosis of pulley belt system faults using vibrations analysiskhalid muhsin
This work presents the dynamic response related to varying in indispensable parameters of pulley-belt system such as rotational speed, pulleys center distance, diameters ratios and type of belt (cross section). A pulley- belt system was manufactured, and the experimental results were obtained and analyzed accurately which reveal the effects of the above parameters on system working. Then, the pulley-belt system faults were studied using vibration analysis technique. A Selected faults were created like belts damage, belt resonance case, manipulation of initial tension in the belt, introducing belt slippage while running with the pulley by adding oil between the belt and the pulley, and catching the pulley damage then an experimental results were obtained and analyzed to find out how these types of faults appear in the manufactured system.
Manufactured system was assembled from a heavy steel structure, variable speed DC motor, speed measurement tool (tachometer), two shafts of 25 mm diameter, four pillow block ball bearings, V-belts and pulleys with different diameters (10, 15, 20, 25) cm. The fabricated system presents good mechanical characteristics, like gradually changing in rotational speed (500 to 2000) rpm, diameters ratios (1 to 2.5) and center distance (27 to 120) cm. Vibration sensors ADXL335 (3-axis accelerometer) were mounted on bearing brackets of drive and driven shafts and connected to Arduino type mega 2560 (microcontroller), which sends the data of vibration to the laptop in order to display it in Sigview software in the time and frequency domain band by FFT (fast fourier transform).
The results of FFT is used for the effect of each type of faults and dynamic response of changing parameters comparing with the healthy condition (FFT band) of the system.
A chain is a power transmission element made as a series of pin-connected links. The design provides for flexibility while enabling the chain to transmit large tensile forces.
Today chain drives play an important part in many agricultural machines such as hay balers, corn pickers, combines, cotton pickers, and beet harvesters.
Another benefit is that chain drives are capable of transmitting a large amount of power at slower speeds.
However, chain drives require better shaft alignment and more maintenance than V-belt drives.
Method of Lubrication: The American Chain Association recommends three different types of lubrication depending on the speed of operation and the power being transmitted.
Picanol introduces a truly new generation of airjet weaving machines, combining the latest available technology with over 30 years of experience in airjet weaving. A completely new electronic control platform, integrating state-of-the-art hard- and software, has been combined with a revolutionary new insertion system.
Vertical Screw Conveyor Design Project for MEX5277 - Machine Design
Step by step guide on how to create a Vertical Screw Conveyor.
Power calculation of a vertical screw conveyor.
The main objective of project is to understand the working of cone
type CVT which offers a continuum of gear ratios between the fixed
desired limits . It includes the analysis of
1) Design of CVT.
2) Fabrication of CVT model.
3) Performance analysis and testing
Three Phase Induction Motor Design (Electrical Machine Design)MD.SAJJAD HOSSAIN
DESIGN THE MAIN DIMENSION AND ROTOR OF A 0.746KW, 400V, 3‐PHASE, 50HZ, 1432 RPM,
SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR. THE MACHINE IS TO BE STARTED BY A STAR‐DELTA STARTER. THE EFFICIENCY IS 90% AND POWER FACTOR IS 0.8 AT FULL‐LOAD.
Design:
Main Dimention
Stator(Stator Winding,Stator Core)
Rotor(Squirrel Cage Rotor)
1)Air Gap
2)Rotor Slots
3)Rotor Bars
4)End Rings
5)Rotor Core
Output equation of Induction motor; Main dimensions; Separation of D and L; Choice of Average flux density; length of air gap; Design of Stator core; Rules for selecting rotor slots of squirrel cage machines; Design of rotor bars and slots; Design of end rings; Design of wound rotor; Magnetic leakage calculations; Leakage reactance of polyphase machines; Magnetizing current; Short circuit current; Operating characteristics; Losses and Efficiency.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. Functions of belts
Transmit motion between shafts that
are located at a considerable distance
from each other
They are not used for exact fixed
speed ratio
slipping
They are very flexible
– distance or
– the angle between the two shafts.
4. Belt Pulleys
•Flat belts:
Crowned pulleys
• Round and V- belts
grooved pulleys or
sheaves
• Timing belts
toothed wheels or
sprockets.
5. Layout of Flat belt drive :
Non-reversing Open Belt
Reversing Crossed Belt
Reversing Open Belt
Quarter Twist Belt drive
6. V-Belts – Standard Sizes
1
1
1 2
1
7 4
1 21 8
32
2
29
3
5 13 17 32
4
16 32 32
A B C D E
7. Selection of V-Belts
Power to be transmitted
Speed of the small or large pulley
Speed ratio
Field of application.
Approximate distance between the
centres of the two pulleys
8. Steps of V-belts Selection:
Determine the service factor Based on
application,
Obtainthe design power from the
equation:
Design power = transmitted power x service factor
Select a suitable belt size from fig.(5. )
9. Steps of V-belts Selection:
Find the diameter of the small pulley
(d) from table (5. ).
Find the diameter of the large pulley
(D) from the equation:
D= d x speed ratio
Find the length of the belt using the
equation: ( D d )2
L 2C 1.57( D d)
4C
10. Steps of V-belts Selection:
Obtain the standard length of the belt
from table (5. )
Calculate the exact centre distance
from the equation
b b2 32 ( D d )
C
16
Find the angle of lap (arc of contact),
from the equation
Angle of lap = 180 ( D d )60
C
11. Steps of V-belts Selection:
Find the capacity of one belt from the
equation:
YxS
Capacity of one belt =
0.91
XS ZS 3
de
The values of X,Y and Z can obtained
from table (5. )
The equivalent small pulley diameter de
can be obtained from the equation:
de = diameter of small pulley x coefficient of small
pulley
12. Steps of V-belts Selection:
Find the power transmitted by one
belt from the equation:
Power of one belt = belt capacity x length
coefficient x coefficient of arc of contact
The required number of belts can be
obtained from the equation:
No. of belts = Design power/ power of one belt
13. Example:
An engine lathe is driven by a squirrel cage electric
motor through a V-belt. The electric motor runs at
1500 rpm with a maximum power of 3 hp. If the
input speed to the engine lathe is 500 rpm and the
centre distance between the motor pulley and the
lathe pulley is 30 in. Select a suitable size, length
and number of belts if the lathe is expected to be
working for two shifts, 16 hours/day.
14. Solution:
Pitch diameter AC Motor: High torque , High-slip
AC Motor: torque, Standard Groove Dimensions
Squirrel
From table (5.1), service factor for machine tools with Squirrel cage
Size of belt Minimum Cage Groove
,Synchronous, Split
Repulsion-Induction Single-phase
Range W D X S
,Series Wound, Slipping, DC Motor E
electric motor is = 1.2
recommended
Application Phase angle Motor :Shunt
,DC
: series wound Compound Wound
2.6 to 5.4wound, 340Engines 0.494:Multi-
Engine :Single- cylinder Internal 3/8
A 3 Internal, Combustion 0.490 0.125 5/8
Design power = transmitted power x service factor
Over 5.4 cylinder 380 0.504 Combustion, Line shafts :Clutches
Hour in daily service 4.6to 7.0 340 0.637
B 5.4 3--5 8-10 16-24 0.580 3-5 0.1758-10 ¾ 16-24 ½
= 3 x 1.2
Agitators for liquids, Blowers and
Over 7.0 380 0.650
exhausts , Centrifugal pumps and7.0 to 7.99 0
= 3.6 hp 1.0 34 1.1 0.879
1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3
compressor , Fan up9.0 10 hp and 8.0 to 12.0
C to 36 0 0.887 0.780 0.200 1 1 11/16
machine tool, Light-duty conveyors 12.0
Over 38 0 0.895
From figure (5.3) size A is selected
Belt conveyors for sand, grain, etc.
Dough mixers and Fan over 10 hp --12.99
12
Then the recommended diameter of small pulley from table (5.2)
Generators and line-shafts, Laundry and
13.0 -- 17.0
340 1.259
0
printing machinery 13.0
D , Punches, presses 1.1 36 1.2 1.271
1.3 1.0501.2 0.300 1.3 1 7/16 1.4 7/8
d = 3 in.
,shears , Positive displacement rotary
Over 17.0
380 1.283
pumps, Revolving and vibrating screens
speed ratio = 1500/500
Brick and textile machinery 18.0 to 24.0 360 1.527
BucketE elevators and exiters ,Piston
21.0 0 1.300 0.400 1 3/4 1 1/8
Over 24.0 38 1.542
=3
pumps and compressors ,Hammer-mills
and paper-mill beaters , Conveyers and
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6
Diameter of large pulley (D) = d x speed ratio
pulverizers, Positive displacement
blowers, Sawmill and wood-working
machinery =3x3
Crushers ,mills and hoists
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8
= 9 in.
Rubber calendars , extruders and mills
15. The length of the belt can be obtained from the equation:
( D d )2
L 2C 1.57( D d )
4C
( 9 3 )2
L 2 x30 1.57( 9 3 )
4 x30
L = 79.14 in.
16. A B C A B C D E
Standard Standard
Standard Pitch Lengths ,
Designation Designation Standard Pitch Lengths , Inches
Inches
From table (5.3) the standard length of the … …= 79.3 in
26 27.3 …. ……. belt …
31 32.3 …. …. 107.9 … …
with a designation number A78.
33 34.3 …. …. … …
35 36.3 ….. …
The exact centre distance from the …
38
42
39.3
43.3
equation: … …
…..
… …
46 47.3
b… b2 32(D … 2
d) …
48 49.3 C … … …
51 52.3 16 … … …
53 54.3 … … …
56.3 … …
61.3 b 4 L 6.28( D … d)
63.3 … …
65.3 … …
67.3 b 4x 79.3 6.28(9 3)
… …
69.3 …
b = 241.84 72.3
76.3
… …
…
…
…
2 …
79.3
…
…
241.84
…
241.84 …
… …
32(9 3) 2
81.3
….
C … … …
…. … 16 … … …
86.3 … … …
C = 30.08 in.
91.3 … … …
97.3 … … … … … … …
17. The angle of lap (arc of contact), from the equation:
Angle of lap =
( D d )60
180
C
Angle of lap = ( 9 3 )60
180
30.08
Angle of lap = 168.03o
18. Speed Ratio Small Speed Small Speed Small
Range Diameter Regular Quality Belts
Ratio Diameter Ratio Diameter
The capacity of one belt from the equation:
Factor Range Factor
Belt Cross Section Range Factor
1.341 - 1.429
Capacity of one belt =
1.000 - 1.019
FACTORS
1.020 - 1.032
1.00
1.01
1.110 - 1.142
BXS
1.05
A 1.143 - 1.178 0.91 YxS ZS 3D - 1.562 E
C
1.06
1.430
1.10
1.11
de 1.563 - 1.814
1.033 - 1.055 Values of X , 1.179 - 1.222 be Used in H.P. Formula
1.02 Y and Z to 1.07 1.12
1.815 - 2.948
1.056 - 1.081 1.03 1.223 - 1.274 1.08 1.13
2.949 - and
From table(5.4)
1.082 - 1.109 X 1.04 1.945 1.275 - 3.434
1.430 6.372 13.616 19.914 1.14
1.09
over
X =2.684 3.801 9.830 26.899 93.899 177.74
Y
Z 0.0136 0.0234 0.0416 0.0848 0.1222
Y =5.326
Z =0.0136 Premium Quality Belts
S = (3.142 x3 x 1500)/12000 = 1.18
Belt Cross Section
de FACTORS =A
= 3 x 1.14 3.42 B C D E
Values one ,belt = to684Used in91 5.326 x1.18 0.0136 x1.1833
Capacity of of X Y and Z 2. be x1.180. H.P. Formula
X 2.684 4.737 8.792 3.42
18.788 24.478
Y 5.326 13.962 38.819 137.70 263.04
Capacity
Z of one belt = 1.26 hp
0.0136 0.0234 0.0416 0.0848 0.1222
19. Find theStandard Belt Cross Section by one Contact fromCthedrive E
Arc of Contacttransmitted Standard of belt Belt Cross Section
power A Type ofCdrive Length
Length B
Arc
A B
Type of equation:
D
on V Designation on
V to VFactor to Flat V to V Factor to Flat
V
Power of one belt =belt …
Designation
Small sheaves
26
Correction
0.81 …
capacity x sheaves Correction … …
Small length coefficient x
… …
coefficient of arc of … …Factor
31
33 0.86 …
contact
0.84 Correction
…
Correction Factor …
…
… …
… …
Coefficient of arc of contact (from130
35
180
38
0.87
0.88
1.00 …
0.75 table (5.6)= 0.974.
0.86 0.86 …
Length coefficient0.95 … 0.77 (5.7)= 1.03.
170
42
160
46
0.90
0.92
0.98
(from table
… 0.8
120
110
…
…
0.82
0.78
… 0.82 …
0.78 …
… … 0.74 …
Power of one belt = 1.26 0.82
150
48
51
140
0.93 0.92
0.94 0.89
x 0.974 x901.03… 0.74
0.84
100
… 0.69 0.96 …
… … …
53 0.93
= 1.264 hp
… …
…
The required number of…belts can be obtained from the …
… …
equation: … …
No. of belts = Design power/ power…of one belt
… … …
… …
No. of belts = 3.6/ 1.264 … … …
…
= 2.85…… …
…
…
… …
Take 3 belts … … …
…
…
…
…
…
… … …
… … … … … … …
