this slide will give you idea about the rolling contact bearing , its types application areas and also you will learn how to design rolling contact bearing ,
comparison between the rolling contact and sliding contact bearing , advantage and disadvantages.
Rolling Contact Bearing, Selection of Rolling Contact Bearings, Machine Element Design, Bantalan Gelinding, Pemilihan Bantalan Gelinding, Perancangan Elemen Mesin
Rolling Contact Bearing, Selection of Rolling Contact Bearings, Machine Element Design, Bantalan Gelinding, Pemilihan Bantalan Gelinding, Perancangan Elemen Mesin
A helical gear has teeth in form of helix around the gear. Two such gears may be used to connect two parallel shafts in place of spur gears. The helixes may be right handed on one gear and left handed on the other. The pitch surfaces are cylindrical as in spur gearing, but the teeth instead of being parallel to the axis, wind around the cylinders helically like screw threads.
Unit 7-gear trains, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The worm gears are widely used for transmitting power at high velocity ratios between non-intersecting shafts that are generally, but not necessarily, at right angles.
It can give velocity ratios as high as 300 : 1 or more in a single step in a minimum of space, but it has a lower efficiency.
Bearings support moving parts, such as shafts and spindles, of a machine or mechanism.
Bearings may be classed as
(i) Rolling contact (Ball and roller) bearings.
(ii) Plain bearings.
Unit 2 Machinability, Cutting Fluids, Tool Life & Wear, Tool MaterialsMechbytes
Concept of machinability, machinability index, factors affecting machinability
Different mechanism of tool wear types of tool wear (crater, flank etc.), Measurement and control of tool wear
Concept of tool life, Taylor's tool life equation (including modified version)
Different tool materials and their applications including effect of tool coating
Introduction to economics of machining
Cutting fluids: types, properties, selection and application methods
A helical gear has teeth in form of helix around the gear. Two such gears may be used to connect two parallel shafts in place of spur gears. The helixes may be right handed on one gear and left handed on the other. The pitch surfaces are cylindrical as in spur gearing, but the teeth instead of being parallel to the axis, wind around the cylinders helically like screw threads.
Unit 7-gear trains, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The worm gears are widely used for transmitting power at high velocity ratios between non-intersecting shafts that are generally, but not necessarily, at right angles.
It can give velocity ratios as high as 300 : 1 or more in a single step in a minimum of space, but it has a lower efficiency.
Bearings support moving parts, such as shafts and spindles, of a machine or mechanism.
Bearings may be classed as
(i) Rolling contact (Ball and roller) bearings.
(ii) Plain bearings.
Unit 2 Machinability, Cutting Fluids, Tool Life & Wear, Tool MaterialsMechbytes
Concept of machinability, machinability index, factors affecting machinability
Different mechanism of tool wear types of tool wear (crater, flank etc.), Measurement and control of tool wear
Concept of tool life, Taylor's tool life equation (including modified version)
Different tool materials and their applications including effect of tool coating
Introduction to economics of machining
Cutting fluids: types, properties, selection and application methods
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
5. • The arrival of the automobile high-speed engines and
automatic production machinery provided the impulse for
extensive research and development of the rolling bearings,
also called the anti-friction bearings.
• In rolling contact bearings, the contact between the bearing
surfaces is rolling instead of sliding as in sliding contact
bearings. Sliding contact bearing starts from rest with
practically metal-to-metal contact and has a high coefficient
of friction. It is an outstanding advantage of a rolling contact
bearing over a sliding bearing that it has a low starting
friction. Due to this low friction offered by rolling contact
bearings, these are called antifriction bearings.
6. The advantages of rolling bearings compared to journal bearings are:
1. Starting friction torque is about twice the running frictional
torque, but still it is negligible in comparison to starting
friction of a sleeve bearing (Sliding Bearing).
2. Ease of lubrication either with grease or with relatively simple
systems.
3. Less axial space for a comparable shaft diameter.
4. Capable of supporting both radial and thrust loads.
5. Early warning of impending failure signaled by increasing
noisiness at the same speed of rotation.
6. Standardization and close tolerances make preferable their use
in precision machinery.
7. Easy to mount and erect.
8. Cleanliness.
7. The disadvantages of rolling bearings as compared to journal bearings
are:
1. Greater diametrical space required for a comparable shaft diameter.
2. Initial cost is usually higher.
3. Noisier in normal operation.
4. Finite life due to failure by fatigue.
5. Lesser capacity to withstand shock.
11. • The balls are inserted into the grooves by moving the inner
ring to the eccentric position in deep groove ball bearing.
• Radial load capacity of filling notch bearing can be
increased be inserting balls, but thrust load capacity
decreases due to bumping of the balls against the edge of
the notch.
• Sealed bearing - lubricated at factory.
• Shielded bearing – protect against the dirt.
12. Thrust Ball Bearing (When thrust load is severe)
• The thrust ball bearings are used for carrying thrust loads
exclusively and at speeds below 2000 r.p.m. At high speeds,
centrifugal force causes the balls to be forced out of the races.
Therefore at high speeds, it is recommended that angular contact
ball bearings should be used in place of thrust ball bearings.
14. • Needle bearings are very useful where radial
space is limited. They may be used without
separators and races.
15. Selection of Bearing type
•For low and medium radial loads, ball bearings are used, whereas for heavy
loads and large shaft diameters, roller bearings are selected.
•Self-aligning ball bearings and spherical roller bearings are used in
applications where a misalignment between the axes of shaft and housing is
likely to exist.
•Thrust ball bearings are used for medium thrust loads whereas for heavy
thrust loads, cylindrical roller thrust bearings are recommended.
•Deep groove ball bearings, angular contact bearings and spherical roller
bearings are suitable in applications where the loads acting on the bearing
consists of two components- radial and thrust.
•Rigidity controls the selection of bearing in certain applications like machine
tool spindles. Double row cylindrical roller bearings or taper roller bearings
are used under these conditions. The line of contact of these bearings, as
compared with the point of contact in ball bearings, improves the rigidity of
the system.
•Noise becomes the criterion of selection in applications like household
appliances. Under these circumstances, deep groove ball bearings are
recommended.
16. Designations of Ball Bearings
• The bearings are designated by a number. In general, the number
consists of at least three digits. Additional digits or letters are used
to indicate special features e.g. deep groove, filling notch etc. The
last three digits give the series and the bore of the bearing. The
last two digits from 04 onwards, when multiplied by 5, give the
bore diameter in millimeters. The most common ball bearings are
available in four series as follows :
e.g. If a bearing is designated by the number 305k, it means that
the bearing is of medium series whose bore is 05 × 5, i.e., 25 mm. k
means it is a taper roller bearing
17. Static Load Rating or static load carrying capacity (C0)
• The load carried by a non-rotating bearing is called a static load.
• The permanent deformation which appear in balls (or rollers) and
race ways under static loads of moderate magnitude, increase
gradually with increasing load. Therefore the permissible static load
is dependent upon the permissible magnitude of permanent
deformation. Experience shows that a total permanent deformation
of 0.0001 times the ball (or roller) diameter, occurring at the most
heavily loaded ball (or roller) and race contact can be tolerated in
most bearing applications without impairment of bearing
operation.
• The basic static load rating is defined as the static radial load (in
case of radial ball or roller bearings) or axial load (in case of thrust
ball or roller bearings) which corresponds to a total permanent
deformation of the ball (or roller) and race, at the most heavily
stressed contact, equal to 0.0001 times the ball (or roller) diameter.
• It is given by Stribeck’s equation.
23. Life of a Bearing
• The life of an individual ball (or roller) bearing may be defined as
the number of revolutions (or hours at some given constant speed)
which the bearing runs before the first evidence of fatigue
develops in the material of one of the rings or any of the rolling
elements.
• The rating life of a group of apparently identical ball or roller
bearings is defined as the number of revolutions (or hours at some
given constant speed) that 90 percent of a group of bearings will
complete or exceed before the first evidence of fatigue develops
(i.e. only 10 per cent of a group of bearings fail due to fatigue).
• The term minimum life is also used to denote the rating life.
24. • It has been found that the life which 50 per cent of a group of bearings
will complete or exceed is approximately 5 times the life which 90 per
cent of the bearings will complete or exceed. In other words, we may
say that the average life of a bearing is 5 times the rating life (or
minimum life). It may be noted that the longest life of a single bearing
is seldom longer than the 4 times the average life and the maximum
life of a single bearing is about 30 to 50 times the minimum life.
25.
26. Basic Dynamic Load Rating or load carrying capacity (C)
1. For radial ball bearings,
When balls are not larger than 25.4 mm in diameter.
for balls larger than 25.4 mm in diameter,
fc = A factor, depending upon the geometry of the
bearing components, the accuracy of manufacture and
the material used.
27. 2. For radial roller bearings,
3. For thrust ball bearings,
4. For thrust roller bearings,
32. Service factor (Ks)
• The dynamic radial load is multiplied by the service factor (KS) to get
the basic dynamic radial load . The service factor for the ball
bearings is shown in the following table.
33. Selection (Design)
• Calculate the basic dynamic load (W x Ks)
• Calculate the basic dynamic load capacity.
• Select the bearing from the catalogue.
34. Equivalent Dynamic Load for Rolling Contact
Bearings under Variable Loads
Consider a rolling contact bearing subjected to variable loads W1,
W2, W3 etc. for successive n1, n2, n3 etc. number of revolutions
respectively. If the bearing is operated at the constant load W1,
then its life is given by
36. Reliability (Probability of survival)
• The reliability (R) is defined as the ratio of the number of bearings which
have successfully completed L million revolutions to the total number of
bearings under test.
According to Wiebull, the relation between the bearing life and the
reliability is given as