Rolling element bearings transmit loads through rolling contact and provide lower coefficients of friction than sliding contact bearings. They are composed of an inner race, outer race, rolling elements (balls or rollers), and a cage. Ball bearings are further classified as deep groove, angular contact, or filled notch types. Roller bearings use cylindrical or tapered rollers and have higher load capacity than ball bearings. Bearing life is rated based on the number of revolutions or hours it can operate before spalling or pitting failure occurs, with an L10 life rating meaning 10% of tested bearings will fail by that point.

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Introduction
Types of bearings
Rolling Contact Bearings
Construction
Classification
Bearing Types
Bearing Life
Merits & Demerits

3. Introduction to bearings
 Objective of bearing is to provide relative
positioning and rotational freedom while
transmitting a load between two parts.
In rolling contact bearings as the name implies
the friction is of rolling type.
It is much smaller than the sliding type.

4. Types of bearings
Rolling Contact Bearings
load is transferred through rolling elements such as balls,
straight and tapered cylinders and spherical rollers.
Journal (sleeve) Bearings
(oil).
load is transferred through a thin film of lubricant

5. Rolling Contact Bearings
Rolling contact bearings are also known as antifriction
bearings.
The load, speed, and operating viscosity of the lubricant
affect the friction characteristics of a rolling bearing.
These bearings provide coefficients of friction between
0.001 and 0.002.
The designer must deal with such matters as fatigue,
friction, heat, lubrication, kinematics problems, material
properties, machining tolerances, assembly, use and cost

6. The rolling contact bearings are composed of four
elements.
i.Outer race
ii.Inner race
iii.Rolling element
iv.Cage of retaining ring

7. Construction Diagram :
Roller contact bearing
With its parts
i.Outer ring (or) Outer
race
ii.Inner ring (or) inner
race
iii.Rolling elements
iv.Cage or retaining ring

8. Classification of rolling bearings
Classified into two types
i.Ball Bearing
•Deep groove (Conrad) bearing
•Filling notch ball bearing
•Angular contact bearings (AC)
ii. Roller Bearing
•Cylindrical bearings
•Needle bearings
•Tapered bearings
•Spherical bearings

9. Ball Bearings
Deep groove bearing
 Single row of deep groove ball bearing can combinational of
radial and thrust load.
Load capacity is limited by the number of balls
Primarily designed to support radial loads, the thrust capacity
is about 70% of radial load capacity

10. Filling notch ball bearings
Bearings have the same basic radial construction as
Conrad type. However, a filling notch (loading groove)
permits more balls to be used.
Radial load capacity is 20 – 40% higher than Conrad
type.
Thrust load capacity drops to 20% (2 directions) of
radial load capacity.

11. Angular contact Ball bearings (AC)
The centerline of contact between the balls and the raceway is at an
angle to the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
Used for high radial and thrust load applications

12. RADIAL AND ANGULAR BEARING

13. Standardization of bearings

14. Roller Bearings
Roller bearings have higher load capacity than ball bearings,
load is transmitted through line contact instead of point contact.
Helical rollers are made by winding rectangular material into
roller. Due to inherent flexibility they are capable of taking considerable
misalignment.
A roller with length much larger than diameter is known as
needle roller and are used where radial space is limited. Cage nay be
absent in needle roller bearings.

15. ROLLER BEARINGS

16. If a bearing is clean, properly lubricated and mounted and is
operating at reasonable temp., failure is due to fatigue caused by
repeated contact stresses (Hertzian stress)
Fatigue failure consists of a spalling or pitting of the curved surfaces
Spalling
crack initiates below the curved surface at the location of
maximum shear stress, propagates to the surface causing surface
damage.
Failure criterion – spalling or pitting of an area of 0.01 in 2,
Timken company (tapered bearings)

17. LIFE number of revolution or hours of operation, at constant speed,
required for the failure criterion to develop.
– defines the number of revolution or hours of
operation, at constant speed, in such a way that
of the
bearings tested (from the same group) will complete or exceed
before the first evidence of failure develops. This is known as
life.
For ball bearings and spherical bearings:
L10 = 500 (hours) x 33.33 (rpm) x 60 = 106 = 1 million
revolutions
For tapered bearings manufactured by Timken:
L10 = 3000 (hours) x 500 (rpm) x 60 = 90 x 106 = 90 million
revolutions
Basic Dynamic Load Rating, C constant radial load that a group
of bearings can carry for L10 life.

18. Bearing Life

19. Bearing life

20. PRELOADING OF BEARING
Preloading or Duplexing is used to eliminate
the play or clearance in either radial or axial
direction of ball bearing to be used for precision
machine tool.

21. Merits of Rolling contact bearings
•
Low starting and good operating friction torque.
•
East of lubrication
•
Requiring less axial space.
•
Generally, taking both radial and axial loads.
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Rapid replacement
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Warning of impending failure by increasing noisiness.
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Good low-temperature starting.

22. Demerits of rolling element bearings:
•
Greater diametric space.
•
More severe alignment requirements.
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Higher initial cost.
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Noisier normal operation.
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Finite life due to eventual failure by fatigue.
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Ease of damage by foreign matter.
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Poor damping ability.