In this slide I have explained how two watt meters can be used to measure 3 phase power. Some of the added advantage of this method is that we can calculate 3 phase reactive power and power factor of load as well.
Symmetrical Components
Symmetrical Component Analysis
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Phases from Their Symmetrical Components
The Symmetrical Components of Unsymmetrical Phasors
Phase Shift of Symmetrical Components in or Transformer Banks
Power in Terms of Symmetrical Components
Engineering review on AC circuit steady state analysis.
Presentation lecture for energy engineering class.
Course: MS in Renewable Energy Engineering, Oregon institute of technology
WHAT IS TRANSFORMER, DEFINE TRANSFORMER, TYPES OF TRANSFORMER, RATINGS OF TRANSFORMERS, MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TRANSFORMER, PARTS OF TRANSFORMER, TESTS OF TRANSFORMER, COSTING OF COPPER.
Symmetrical Components
Symmetrical Component Analysis
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Phases from Their Symmetrical Components
The Symmetrical Components of Unsymmetrical Phasors
Phase Shift of Symmetrical Components in or Transformer Banks
Power in Terms of Symmetrical Components
Engineering review on AC circuit steady state analysis.
Presentation lecture for energy engineering class.
Course: MS in Renewable Energy Engineering, Oregon institute of technology
WHAT IS TRANSFORMER, DEFINE TRANSFORMER, TYPES OF TRANSFORMER, RATINGS OF TRANSFORMERS, MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF TRANSFORMER, PARTS OF TRANSFORMER, TESTS OF TRANSFORMER, COSTING OF COPPER.
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between p...vishalgohel12195
Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between power and communication lines
Introduction
Disadvantages of corona.
Radio interference.
Inductive interference between power and communication lines
O.C & S.C Test, Sumpner or back to back Test, Condition for maximum efficienc...Abhishek Choksi
Sub: DC Machines and Transformer (2130904)
Active Learning Assignment
Topic: O.C & S.C Test, Sumpner or back to back Test, Condition for maximum efficiency, All day Efficiency
Concept of Inductance, Capacitance, Impedance, Introduction to single phase and poly phase supply. Single Phase Core
and Shell type of Transformer, losses, efficiency, Voltage regulation. Auto Transformer, Three Induction Motor, Working Types, Torque - Slip characteristics, Power stages and Industrial Applications
It is based on current transformer description
It's working and applications are present in it ,it also includes videos of it's windings and it's inrush ability of transformer, and also about instrument transformer and it's working with applications.Current transformers are used-in measuring high currents and connected with it in parallel to it
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between p...vishalgohel12195
Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between power and communication lines
Introduction
Disadvantages of corona.
Radio interference.
Inductive interference between power and communication lines
O.C & S.C Test, Sumpner or back to back Test, Condition for maximum efficienc...Abhishek Choksi
Sub: DC Machines and Transformer (2130904)
Active Learning Assignment
Topic: O.C & S.C Test, Sumpner or back to back Test, Condition for maximum efficiency, All day Efficiency
Concept of Inductance, Capacitance, Impedance, Introduction to single phase and poly phase supply. Single Phase Core
and Shell type of Transformer, losses, efficiency, Voltage regulation. Auto Transformer, Three Induction Motor, Working Types, Torque - Slip characteristics, Power stages and Industrial Applications
It is based on current transformer description
It's working and applications are present in it ,it also includes videos of it's windings and it's inrush ability of transformer, and also about instrument transformer and it's working with applications.Current transformers are used-in measuring high currents and connected with it in parallel to it
The MATLAB File by Akshit Jain .pdf on .Akshit Jain
"Unlock the Power of Data Analysis and Computational Modeling with this MATLAB File!
This MATLAB file is a versatile tool designed to revolutionize your data analysis and computational modeling processes. Whether you're a scientist, engineer, researcher, or student, MATLAB empowers you to tackle complex problems with ease.
With an intuitive interface and robust functionality, this file enables you to manipulate, visualize, and interpret data with precision. From statistical analysis and signal processing to machine learning and optimization, MATLAB offers a comprehensive suite of tools to meet your diverse needs.
Additionally, this file provides access to a vast library of built-in functions and toolboxes, allowing you to customize and extend its capabilities to suit your specific requirements. Whether you're analyzing experimental data, simulating dynamic systems, or developing algorithms, MATLAB empowers you to turn your ideas into reality.
Experience the power and versatility of MATLAB today and unlock new possibilities in data analysis and computational modeling!"
Discover the differences between transformer-rated and self-contained metering sites and discuss why we test, how we test, the types of meter tests, what to do with the data from these tests, and more. A must-see presentation for any meter tech or supervisor.
This slideshow contain a detailed explanation of the following topics:
(1) Condition of generation of net torque.
(2) Concept of Electrical & Mechanical Angle
(3) Equation of induced emf
(4) B-wave
(5) B-wave for uniform and non-uniform air gap
(6) Distributed winding
(7) Short pitched winding
Introduction to integral calculus.
This slideshow deals with concept of integration. A complete explanation is provided that how integration can be written as summation. Area under the graph can be calculated through integration.
Introduction to differential calculus. This slide deals with the concept of differential calculus. An explanation is given that how derivative of a function can be calculated graphically and algebraically
This slide show contains a detailed explanation of the following topics from Control System:
1. Open loop & Closed loop
2. Mathematical modeling
3. f-v and f-i analogy
4. Block diagram reduction technique
5. Signal flow graph
In this slide show I have explained how magnetic dipole moment is formed and classification of different magnetic materials. I have also explained how B-H curve is plotted, I explained why B-H Curve is also called as Hysteresis loss.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. Mohammed Waris Senan 2
THREE PHASE SYSTEM
Measurement of 3 phase power
by two wattmeter method
3. Mohammed Waris Senan 3
Wattmeter Terminals & Symbol
M
VC
L
Current Coil (CC)
Potential Coil (PC)
4. Mohammed Waris Senan 4
Wattmeter Connection
P = Vpc Icc cos (angle between Vpc & Icc )
Connection Diagram
CC
PC
voltage
supply
L
O
A
D
LI
LV
M
C V
L
5. Mohammed Waris Senan 5
Measurement of 3 phase Power
Connection Diagram
Reading of wattmeter 1 :
P1 = VAB IA cos (angle between VAB & IA)
Reading of wattmeter 2 :
P2 = VCB IC cos (angle between VCB & IC)
For a balanced three phase STAR connected Load,
Let, Vphase = V, & Iline = Iphase = I
∴ Vline = 𝟑 V & Load pf is cos𝝓 lag
P1 = 𝟑 VI cos (angle between VAB & IA)
P2 = 𝟑 VI cos (angle between VCB & IC)
6. Mohammed Waris Senan 6
Measurement of 3 phase Power
𝝓
𝝓
𝝓
BNV
ANV
CNV
CBV
ABV
AI
CI
BI
BNV
𝟑𝟎°
𝟑𝟎°
Angle between VAB & IA = 30° + 𝝓
Angle between VCB & IC = 30° - 𝝓
P1 = 𝟑 VI cos (30° + 𝝓)
P2 = 𝟑 VI cos (30° - 𝝓)
Total 3 phase power
P3-𝜙 = P1 + P2 = 3VI cos𝝓
7. Mohammed Waris Senan 7
Measurement of 3 phase Power
P1 = 𝟑 VI cos (30°)
P2 = 𝟑 VI cos (30°)
Some Important Cases:
1. If Power factor of load is UNITY
i.e. cos𝝓 = 1, 𝝓 = 0°
Reading of both wattmeter is EQUAL
2. If Power factor of load is 1/2
i.e. cos𝝓 = 1/2, 𝝓 = 60°
P1 = 𝟑 VI cos (30° + 60°) = 𝟑 VI cos (90°) = 0
P2 = 𝟑 VI cos (30° - 60°) = 𝟑 VI cos (30°) = 𝟑
𝟐 VI
Reading of one wattmeter is NEGATIVE
3. If Power factor of load is 0 and ½
i.e. 0 ≤ cos𝝓 < ½ , 60° < 𝝓 ≤ 90°
Reading is taken by reversing the
connection of Current Coil (CC)or
Potential Coil (PC)
Generally connection of Current Coil
is reversed
Reading of one wattmeter is ZERO
8. Mohammed Waris Senan 8
Measurement of Power Factor (cos 𝝓)
P1 – P2 = 3 VI cos (30° + 𝜙) - 3 VI cos (30° - 𝜙)
= 3 VI sin𝜙
So, Three Phase Reactive Power, Q3-𝝓 = 3 (P1 – P2 )
3VIcos
VIsin3
PP
PP
21
21
3
tan
21
211
PP
PP
3tan
Now,
9. If power factor is UNITY, cos𝜙 = 1 ⇒ 𝜙 = 0°
P3-𝜙 = 3VLILcos𝜙 = 3 × 400 × 115.4 × 1 = 80 kW
So, Reading of watt-meters will be:
P1 = 3 VI cos (30° + 𝜙) = 3
𝑉𝐿
3
I cos (30° + 𝜙) = VLIL cos (30° + 𝜙)
P1 = 400 × 115.4 × cos (30° + 0°) = 40 kW
P2 = 3 VI cos (30° - 𝜙) = 3
𝑉𝐿
3
I cos (30° + 𝜙) = VLIL cos (30° - 𝜙)
P2 = 400 × 115.4 × cos (30° - 0°) = 40 kW
Mohammed Waris Senan 9
Numerical Problems
In a balanced 3-phase 400 V circuit, Iline = 115.4 A. When power is measured by two watt-meter method, one of the meter
reads 40 kW and another zero. What is the power factor of the load? If power factor is unity and line current is same, what
would be the readings of each watt-meter? [AKU, 2019 (odd sem)] {8 marks}
Question:
Solution:
Given data:
VL = 400 V
IL = 115.4 A
P1 = 40 kW
P2 = 0
power factor, cos𝜙 = ?
Alternately:
We know that if one of the wattmeter reads zero then
pf of the load will be ½ .
Total power, P3-𝜙 = P1 + P2 = 40 + 0 = 40 kW
As, P3-𝜙 = 3VLILcos𝜙
⇒ 3 × 400 × 115.4 × cos𝜙 = 40000
∴ cos𝜙 = 0.5
10. Mohammed Waris Senan 10
Numerical Problems
In a balanced 3-phase star connected load, two watt-meters are
connected to measure the 3-phase power as shown in figure. If
impedance of each phase is 10∠45° Ω and line-to-line voltage is
220 V (rms), what will be readings of two watt-meter?
Question:
Solution:
Reading of wattmeter 1 :
P1 = VAC IA cos (angle between VAC & IA)
Reading of wattmeter 2 :
P2 = VBC IB cos (angle between VBC & IB)
V01270
3
V
V,.V
L
ANAN
Soceas referenTake
A457.12
4510
0127
Z
V
I,
AN
A
Now
Let phase sequence be ABC
11. P1 = 220×12.7×cos (15°) = 2698.8 W
P2 = 220×12.7×cos (75°) = 723.14 W
Mohammed Waris Senan 11
Numerical Problems
Solution:
A1657.12)120-45(7.12I
A457.12I
B
A
V30220V
V90220V
AC
BC
1530-45I&V AAC betweenAngle
7590-165I&V BBC betweenAngle
12. Mohammed Waris Senan 12
30V3VAC
ANV
CNV
BNV CNV
BCV
9𝟎°
ACV
𝟑𝟎°
90V3VBC
13. Mohammed Waris Senan 13
120VVor240VV
120VV
0VV
cnCN
BN
AN
150VVor210V3V
90V3V
30V3V
cnCA
BC
AB
ANV
CNV
BNV
CAV
ANV
𝟑𝟎°
𝟑𝟎°
CNV
BNV
ABV
ANV
𝟑𝟎°
CNV
𝟑𝟎°
30V3VAC