The document summarizes Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It discusses the evolution of LTE from 3G networks and its key features like downlink speeds of 100Mbps. The technologies that LTE uses are described, including OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink. LTE architecture is explained as a flat all-IP architecture with E-UTRAN and EPC components. Future applications of LTE Advanced and 4G are also mentioned.

1. LONG TERM
EVOLUTION(LTE)
NIGEL THOMAS
S7-B
ROLL NO: 23
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CHENGANNUR
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2. CONTENTS
2
 INTRODUCTION
 EVOLUTION OF LTE
 FEATURES OF LTE
 TECHONOGIES USED IN LTE
 LTE / SAE ARCHITECTURE
 FUTURE SCOPE
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
3
 LTE- LATEST MOBILE BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY
 3RD GENERATION PARTNERSHIP PROJECT (3GPP)
 LTE IS ONLY 3.9G
 NETWORK DEPLOYED IN DECEMBER 2009 BY
TELIASONERA
 HI-SPEED INTERNET ON THE MOVE!!!
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4. EVOLUTION OF LTE
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5. FEATURES OF LONG TERM EVOLUTION
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 DOWNLINK SPEED : 100 Mbps
 UPLINK SPEED : 50 Mbps
 LATENCY : less than 10 ms
 MOBILITY : upto 360 km/hr
 CELL SIZE (Range) : upto 100 km
 BANDWIDTH : 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz
 Co-existent with legacy 3GPP and non-3GPP networks
 Flat , All–IP Architecture
 Low CAPEX and OPEX
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6. TECHNOLOGIES USED IN LTE
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OFDMA–Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
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7. OFDMA contd…
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Features of OFDMA
 Robust to narrow band co-channel interference
 Helps in QoS and better system spectral efficiency
 Modulation Schemes: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Advantages of OFDMA
 Multi-user Diversity: allows different users to transmit over
different portions of the spectrum
 Efficient use of spectrum
 Receiver Simplicity- only FFT processor required
Drawback of OFDMA
High Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR)
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8. SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA)
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 SC-FDMA is DFT-Spread OFDMA scheme.
 It has low Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR), hence used as
up-link access scheme.
 Helps in increasing cell size.
 Modulation Schemes: QPSK, 16QAM
Transmitter and Receiver
Structure of SC-FDMA
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9. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Antenna
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Aims:
• To improve SNR
• To Share SNR
Types of Transmission:
• Spatial Multiplexing
• Transmit Diversity
• Closed Loop- Linear pre-
coding and Rank Adaptation
Benefits: Increased Capacity,
Coverage and Cell throughput
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10. LTE/SAE Architecture
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MME/UPE MME/UPE
EPC
S1
X2
E-UTRAN
eNB eNB
X2
X2
eNB
MME/UPE = Mobility Management Entity/User Plane Entity
eNB = eNodeB
EPC = Evolved Packet Core
E-UTRAN= Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network
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11. 11
User Plane Architecture
PDCP –Packet Data
Convergence Protocol
RLC- Radio Link Control
MAC- Medium Access
Control
PHY- Physical Layer
Control Plane Architecture
NAS- Non access Stratum
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12. FUTURE SCOPE
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 LTE Advanced = 4G
 Global standard of Communication
 Inter-Appliance communication i.e.
communication between electronic
appliances.
 Voice + Data = 4G
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13. CONCLUSION
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3GPP Long Term Evolution achieves the lightning speed of
access, it’s robustness to interference and the high Quality
of Service meeting its performance targets using the
following technologies, i.e., OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO
Antenna, and the simpler E-UTRAN LTE/SAE
Architecture.
LTE provides a good foundation in achieving the IMT-
Advanced/4G specifications by evolving into the LTE
Advanced Technology.
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14. REFERENCES
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[1.]David Astély, Erik Dahlman, Anders Furuskär, Ylva Jading,
Magnus Lindström, and Stefan Parkvall, LTE: The Evolution of
Mobile Broadband, IEEE Communications Magazine, April
2009, Vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 44 – 51.
[2.] Mamoru Sawahashi, Yoshihisa Kishiyama, Hidekazu Taoka,
Motohiro Tanno, and Takehiro Nakamura, Broadband Radio
Access: LTE and LTE-Advanced, International Symposium on
Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems
(ISPACS 2009), Dec. 2009, pp. 224-227.
[3.] www.3gpp.org/lte (accessed on 12/08/2010)
[4.] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolution
(accessed on 12/08/2010)
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