The document provides an overview of 4G LTE and LTE-Advanced mobile communication technologies. It discusses key 4G enabling technologies like OFDM, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. LTE aims to achieve peak rates of 100 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink within 20 MHz bandwidth. LTE-Advanced further enhances LTE by introducing carrier aggregation to support bandwidths up to 100 MHz, advanced MIMO techniques, and coordinated multipoint transmission. The evolution to 4G using these technologies has significantly improved wireless communication capabilities.
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
Industry-supported field trials are already demonstrating the viability of many of the
technical concepts in LTE-Advanced. The approach is to increase data rates for all
users, bring more out of small cells, dynamically adapt to network load and use of
more carriers for more speeds. Also there will be unprecedented ecosystem of handset-manufacturer, software-developers and chip-designers that will support this intelligent
network.
In this presentation we will briefly discuss principle technologies that are being adopted
in LTE-Advanced. We will understand the basics of the technologies that are under
developmental stages and look if we can contribute to their future enhancements.
This seminar will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this seminar you will understand OFDM-principles,
including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO) is a fundamental
part of LTE and its impact on the design of device and network architecture will be explained. Further LTE-related physical layer
aspects such as channel structure and cell search will be presented with an overview of the LTE protocol structure.
The second part of the seminar provides an overview of the evolution in LTE towards 3GPP specification Release 9 and 10. This
includes features and methods for location based services like GNSS support or time delay measurements and the concept of
multimedia broadcast. Finally, we’ll introduce the main features of LTE-Advanced (3GPP Release-10) including carrier aggregation for
a larger bandwidth and backbone network aspects like self-organizing networks and relaying concepts.
Main Differences between LTE & LTE-AdvancedSabir Hussain
LTE stands for Long Term Evolution.
In Nov. 2004, 3GPP began a project to define the long-term evolution (LTE) of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cellular technology.
LTE systems have:
Higher performance
Backwards compatible
Wide application
Data Rate:
Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of 100Mbit/s in a 20MHz downlink spectrum (i.e. 5 bit/s/Hz)
Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50Mbit/s in a 20MHz uplink spectrum (i.e. 2.5 bit/s/Hz)
Cell range:
5 km - optimal size
30km sizes with reasonable performance
up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance
Cell capacity:
up to 200 active users per cell(5 MHz) (i.e., 200 active data clients)
Mobility
Optimized for low mobility(0-15km/h) but supports high speed
Latency (delay)
user plane < 5ms
control plane < 50 ms
Improved broadcasting
IP-optimized
Scalable bandwidth of 20MHz, 15MHz, 10MHz, 5MHz and <5MHz
Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, when there is no coverage, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)
LTE Advanced is a mobile communication 4G standard approved by International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in Jan 2012.
LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is an emerging and, as the name suggests, a more advanced set of standards and technologies that will be able to deliver bigger and speedier wireless-data payloads.
The most important thing to know is that LTE-A promises to deliver true 4G speeds, unlike current LTE networks. You can expect the real-world speed of LTE-A to be two to three times faster than today’s LTE.
To be considered true 4G (also known as “IMT-Advanced”), a mobile network must fulfill a number of benchmarks, including offering a peak data rate of at least 100 megabits per second (Mb/s) when a user moves through the network at high speeds, such as in a car or train, and 1 gigabit per second (Gb/s) when the user is in a fixed position.
The highest possible rates are never achieved in real world conditions. Actual rates will be variable, but we can expect LTE-A to be at least five times as fast as most LTE networks today, and that’s great news for video streaming.
LTE Advanced is supposed to provide higher capacity, an enhanced user experience, and greater fairness in terms of resource allocation.
It does this by combining a bunch of technologies, many of which have been around for some years, so we’re not really talking about the implementation of an entirely new system here.
Industry-supported field trials are already demonstrating the viability of many of the
technical concepts in LTE-Advanced. The approach is to increase data rates for all
users, bring more out of small cells, dynamically adapt to network load and use of
more carriers for more speeds. Also there will be unprecedented ecosystem of handset-manufacturer, software-developers and chip-designers that will support this intelligent
network.
In this presentation we will briefly discuss principle technologies that are being adopted
in LTE-Advanced. We will understand the basics of the technologies that are under
developmental stages and look if we can contribute to their future enhancements.
This seminar will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this seminar you will understand OFDM-principles,
including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO) is a fundamental
part of LTE and its impact on the design of device and network architecture will be explained. Further LTE-related physical layer
aspects such as channel structure and cell search will be presented with an overview of the LTE protocol structure.
The second part of the seminar provides an overview of the evolution in LTE towards 3GPP specification Release 9 and 10. This
includes features and methods for location based services like GNSS support or time delay measurements and the concept of
multimedia broadcast. Finally, we’ll introduce the main features of LTE-Advanced (3GPP Release-10) including carrier aggregation for
a larger bandwidth and backbone network aspects like self-organizing networks and relaying concepts.
Main Differences between LTE & LTE-AdvancedSabir Hussain
LTE stands for Long Term Evolution.
In Nov. 2004, 3GPP began a project to define the long-term evolution (LTE) of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) cellular technology.
LTE systems have:
Higher performance
Backwards compatible
Wide application
Data Rate:
Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of 100Mbit/s in a 20MHz downlink spectrum (i.e. 5 bit/s/Hz)
Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50Mbit/s in a 20MHz uplink spectrum (i.e. 2.5 bit/s/Hz)
Cell range:
5 km - optimal size
30km sizes with reasonable performance
up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance
Cell capacity:
up to 200 active users per cell(5 MHz) (i.e., 200 active data clients)
Mobility
Optimized for low mobility(0-15km/h) but supports high speed
Latency (delay)
user plane < 5ms
control plane < 50 ms
Improved broadcasting
IP-optimized
Scalable bandwidth of 20MHz, 15MHz, 10MHz, 5MHz and <5MHz
Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, when there is no coverage, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)
LTE Advanced is a mobile communication 4G standard approved by International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in Jan 2012.
LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is an emerging and, as the name suggests, a more advanced set of standards and technologies that will be able to deliver bigger and speedier wireless-data payloads.
The most important thing to know is that LTE-A promises to deliver true 4G speeds, unlike current LTE networks. You can expect the real-world speed of LTE-A to be two to three times faster than today’s LTE.
To be considered true 4G (also known as “IMT-Advanced”), a mobile network must fulfill a number of benchmarks, including offering a peak data rate of at least 100 megabits per second (Mb/s) when a user moves through the network at high speeds, such as in a car or train, and 1 gigabit per second (Gb/s) when the user is in a fixed position.
The highest possible rates are never achieved in real world conditions. Actual rates will be variable, but we can expect LTE-A to be at least five times as fast as most LTE networks today, and that’s great news for video streaming.
LTE Advanced is supposed to provide higher capacity, an enhanced user experience, and greater fairness in terms of resource allocation.
It does this by combining a bunch of technologies, many of which have been around for some years, so we’re not really talking about the implementation of an entirely new system here.
What is LTE technology?
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a long-term evolution technology of the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) technology standard developed by the 3GPP (The 3rd Generation Partnership Project) organization, which was officially established and launched in It was formally established and launched at the 3GPP Toronto meeting in December 2004.
The LTE system introduces key technologies such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and MIMO (Multi-Input & Multi-Output).
4G technology in wireless communications and it's standards.
Prepared by : Ola Mashaqi ,, Suhad Malayshe
(A telecomm. Engineering Students)
Annajah National University
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This presentation is for the people who are interested in mobile release and specifications announced by 3GPP every year, presentation cover all release up to release 12.
Long Term Evolution. 3GPP Release 8, 2009.
2. Initially developed as 3.9G (Pre-4G) cellular technology
Now sold as 4G.
3. Many different bands: 700/1500/1700/2100/2600 MHz
4. Flexible Bandwidth: 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 MHz
5. Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) and
Time Division Duplexing (TDD)
Both paired and unpaired spectrum
6. 4x4 MIMO, Multi-user collaborative MIMO
7. Beamforming in the downlink
This is work done by MURTADHA ALI NSAIF SHUKUR student at MMU Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. With the help my teacher ( Dr.H.P.Sinha HOD (ECE) ) thank for Dr. H.P. sinha and all my teachers for help me. thank you
1. Towards 4G
Technical Overview of LTE and LTE-Advanced
Zahirul Islam & Md. Maruf Ahamed
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of North Dakota
31st January, 2013
4. Fundamental Constraints
Shannon’s capacity upper bound
- Achievable data rate is fundamentally limited by
bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
5. Wider Bandwidth
Demand for higher data rate is leading to utilization of
wider transmission bandwidth.
7. Duplexing
Two ways to duplex downlink (base station to mobile) and
uplink (mobile to base station)
Frequency division duplexing (FDD)
Time division duplexing (TDD)
11. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OFDM can be viewed as a form of frequency division multiplexing
(FDM).
Divides the transmission bandwidth into narrower equally spaced tones,
or subcarriers.
Individual information symbols are conveyed over the subcarriers.
Use of orthogonal subcarriers makes OFDM spectrally efficient.
Because of the orthogonally among the subcarriers, they can overlap with
each other.
12. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(Contd.)
Since the bandwidth of each subcarrier is much smaller
than the coherence bandwidth of the transmission channel,
each subcarrier sees flat fading.
13. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(Contd.)
Design issues of OFDM
Cyclic prefix (CP): To maintain orthogonality among subcarriers in the
presence of multi-path channel, CP longer than the channel impulse
response is needed. Also CP converts linear convolution of the channel
impulse response into a circular one.
High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR): Since the transmit signal is
a composition of multiple subcarriers, high peaks occur.
Carrier frequency offset: Frequency offset breaks the orthogonality and
causes inter-carrier interference.
Adaptive scheme or channel coding is needed to overcome the spectral
null in the channel.
14. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
OFDMA is a multi-user access scheme using OFDM.
Each user occupies a different set of subcarriers.
Scheduler can exploit frequency-selectivity and multi-user diversity.
15. Single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
SC-FDMA is a new multiple access technique.
Utilizes single carrier modulation, DFT-spread orthogonal
frequency multiplexing, and frequency domain equalization.
It has similar structure and performance to OFDMA.
SC-FDMA is currently adopted as the uplink multiple
access scheme in 3GPP LTE.
16. SC-FDMA and OFDMA
Similarities
Block-based modulation and use of CP
Divides the transmission bandwidth into smaller subcarriers
Channel inversion/equalization is done in the frequency domain
SC-FDMA is regarded as DFT-precoded or DFT-spread OFDMA
Dissimilarities
Lower transmit peak power
Equalization performance
Multi0carrier MIMO receiver algorithm
17. MIMO
Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique
improves communication link quality and capacity by
using multiple transmit and receive antennas.
Two types of gain:
Spatial Diversity: Improves link quality (SNR) by combining multiple
independently faded signal replicas.
Spatial Multiplexing: Increases data throughput by sending multiple streams of data
through parallel spatial channels.
18. LTE: Long Term Evolution
Standardized by 3GPP (3rd generation Partnership Project)
3GPP is a partnership of 6 regional standards
organizations.
ARIB (Japan)
ATIS (USA)
CCSA (China)
ETSI (Europe)
TTA (South Korea)
TTC (Japan)
20. Requirement of LTE
Peak data rate
100 Mbps DL/50 Mbps UL within 20 MHz bandwidth
Up to 200 active users in a cell (5 MHz)
Less than 5 ms user-plane latency
Mobility
Optimized for 0~15 km/hr
15~120 km/hr supported with high performance
Supported up to 350 km/hr or even up to 500 km/hr
Enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast service (E-
MBMS)
Spectrum flexibility: 1.25 ~ 20 MHz
Enhanced support for end-to-end QoS
21. Key Features of LTE (R8)
Spectrum flexibility: 1.25 ~ 20 MHz (100 MHz for LTE-A)
Multicarrier-based radio air interface
OFDM/OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Support for both FDD and TDD spectrums
Active interference avoidance and coordination
Peak data rate
Downlink (DL): 326.4 Mbps (20 MHz, 4x4 MIMO, 64-QAM)
Uplink (UL): 86.4 Mbps (20 MHz, no MIMO, 64-QAM)
23. LTE-A Features
Wider bandwidths, enabled by carrier aggregation
Higher efficiency, enabled by enhanced uplink multiple access and
enhanced multiple antenna transmission (advanced MIMO techniques)
Coordinated multipoint transmission and reception (CoMP)
Relaying
Support for heterogeneous networks
LTE self-optimizing network (SON) enhancements
Home enhanced-node-B (HeNB) mobility enhancements
Fixed wireless customer premises equipment (CPE) RF requirements
24. LTE-A: Carrier Aggregation
In order to support up to 100 MHz bandwidth, two or more
component carriers aggregated
Component carrier (CC): Basic frequency block which comply
with R8 LTE numerology
Each CC is limited to 20 MHz bandwidth (110 resource blocks)
Maintains backward compatibility with R8 LTE
Supports both contiguous and non-contiguous spectrum
Also supports asymmetric bandwidth for FDD
26. LTE-A: Enhanced MIMO
Downlink MIMO
Up to 8x8 (8 layer) configuration
Additional RS: CSI-RS and UE-specific DM RS
Support for MU-MIMO
Enhancements to CSI feedback
Uplink MIMO
Introduction of UL transmit diversity
Introduction of up to 4x4 SU-MIMO
Use of turbo serial interference canceller
27. Conclusion
The 4G LTE technology is nothing less then ground breaking. The
advancements that have been made from 3G to 4G LTE alone are mind
blowing. With the data processing speed being increased to at least 100
Mbit/sec the possibilities are limitless in the wireless communication world.
Everything with this new technology has been brought to a new standard. The
security, with the complete IP-based solutions allows the user to use the full
capability of the phone as well as feel completely secure at the same time, this
is one of the most vital aspects that has been upgraded from the previous
wireless communication technologies. Even though the hardware and
coverage areas aren’t up to par yet though, isn’t that big of a set back. The
technology is still considered brand new and will only be improved in the
coming years. As I said previously, this technology is truly ground breaking
and makes the average person really think about what is possible with wireless
communication? If there ever is a 5G network, how powerful will it be and
what will it possibly be able to do that the 4G doesn’t already do?