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Long Term Evolution (LTE)
This document provides an overview of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular technology. It describes LTE's network architecture including the E-UTRAN, Mobility Management Entity, Serving Gateway and Packet Data Network Gateway. It also discusses key LTE technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, MIMO and the evolution to LTE-Advanced with carrier aggregation and enhanced multi-antenna transmission techniques. Finally, it summarizes two research papers on power saving mechanisms in LTE networks and the potential for using LTE in vehicular networking applications.
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Long Term Evolution (LTE)
- 1. Long-Term Evolution (LTE). Submitted by Hussein M. Al-Sanabani Supervisor Yrd.Doç.Dr. MURAT İSKEFİYELİ ByHusseinAL-Sanabani
- 2. Topics IntroductionIntroduction LTENetwork ArchitectureLTE Network Architecture LTETechnologiesLTETechnologies Evolution of LTE-AdvancedEvolution of LTE-Advanced ResearchesResearches ReferencesReferences By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 3. Introduction Welcome to theworld of LTE! ByHusseinAL-Sanabani
- 4. What is LTE? In Nov. 2004, 3GPP began a project to define the long-term evolution (LTE) of Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS) cellular technology Higher performance (Data rates && Reduced delay/latency ) Backwards compatible Wide application Works with IP network LTE is the next generation of Mobile broadband technology By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 5. Evolution of RadioAccessTechnologies LTE (3.9G) : 3GPP release 8~9 LTE-Advanced : 3GPP release 10+ 802.16d/e 802.16m By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 6. 3GPP UMTS Long-TermEvolution By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 7. LTETARGETs Packet-Domain-Services only(e.g.VoIP) TCP/IP- based layers Higher peak data rate/ user throughput 150 Mbps DL/75 Mbps UL @20MHz bandwidth Reduced delay/latency user-plane latency<10ms Improved spectrum efficiency up to 200 active users in a cell @5MHz bandwidth Mobility optimized for low-mobility (up to 15Km/h), supported with high performance for medium mobility (up to 120 Km/h), supported for high mobility (up to 500 Km/h) Multimedia broadcast & multicast services Spectrum flexibility ( Support of scalable bandwidth: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz) Support for interworking with legacy networks Cost-efficiency: 1. Cost-effective when add new node (upgrade) in LTE network. 2. Cost-effective migration from legacy networks Coverage up to 30 Km By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 8. Key Factors ofLTE By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 9. LTE Network Architecture Whatis the Architecture of LTE Network? ByHusseinAL-Sanabani
- 10. The Evolved PacketCore Circuit and Packet domains By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 11. LTE Network Architecture E-UTRAN= Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 12. Network Architecture –E-UTRAN User Equipment Evolved Node B (eNB) Functionalities: 1) Provides radio resource management functions, and handover events 2) Provides admission control and scheduling By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 13. Network Architecture Evolved PacketCore Mobility Management Entity key control-node for the LTE access-network. Functionalities: deals with the control plane. 1) Manages mobility and provides security Responsible for control procedures, such as authentication and security, and storing of users’ position information By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 14. Network Architecture Evolved PacketCore (Cont) Serving Gateway Functionalities: deal with the user plane 1) Responsible for routing and forwarding user data packets 2) Provides Mobility Acts as mobility anchor for inter-eNB handovers and for mobility between LTE and other 3GPP (mobility interface to other networks such as 2G/3G). By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 15. Network Architecture Evolved PacketCore (Cont) Packet Data Network Gateway Functionalities: deal with the user plane 1) Provides connectivity to the UE to external packet data networks (IP networks (Internet)). 2) Performs policy enforcement, packet filtering for each user, support charging, etc. 3) Act as the anchor for mobility between 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies (WiMAX) By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 16. LTETechnologies What is anLTE Network made up of? ByHusseinAL-Sanabani
- 17. LTETechnologies Spectrum Flexibility OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) for downlink SC-FDMA (Single Carrier – Frequency Division Multiple Access) for uplink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 18. LTE spectrum (bandwidthand duplex) flexibility By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 19. FDM vs. OFDM ByHussein AL-Sanabani
- 20. Difference between OFDMand OFDMA LTE uses OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) more advanced form of OFDM where subcarriers are allocated to different users over time By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 21. LTE downlink OFDMA LTE provides QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM as downlink modulation schemes Cyclic prefix is used as guard interval 15 kHz subcarrier spacing Scalable bandwidth By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 22. LTE Uplink (SC-FDMA) l Similar to OFDM signal, but… in OFDM, each sub-carrier only carries information related to one specific symbol, in SC-FDMA, each sub-carrier contains information of ALL transmitted symbols. By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 23. SC-FDMA vs. OFDMA Asalient advantage of SC-FDMA over OFDMA is low to Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) : Increasing battery life By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 24. Multi-antenna techniques( MIMO) ByHussein AL-Sanabani
- 25. Advantages of LTE Provides low latency Increased data transfer speed High spectral efficiency Support of variable bandwidth FDD andTDD within a single radio access technology More cost effectiveness Compatibility and interworking with earlier 3GPP Releases Efficient Multicast/Broadcast Improvements over 3G network By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 26.
- 27. Evolution of LTE-Advanced Carrier aggregation Enhanced uplink and Downlink multiple access Enhanced Multi-antennaTransmissionTechniques Downlink 8 antennas Uplink 4 antennas Support of Larger Bandwidth in LTE-Advanced Support heterogeneous network Self Optimizing networks (SON) By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 28. LTE vs. LTE-Advanced ByHussein AL-Sanabani
- 29. Comparing LTE, LTE-Advancedand IMT- Advanced Requirements By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 30.
- 31. Researches (1)Researches (1) Title: An efficient power-saving transmission mechanism in LTE macrocell-femtocell hybrid networks Author: Yao-Liang Chung Institute: Department of Communication Engineering, NationalTaipei University Published on: 2014 Information Networking (ICOIN), International Conference By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 32. Research: 1 contcont.. This paper discusses how to improve the energy - saving performance by using LTE macrocell-femtocell hybrid networks. This mechanism is able to greatly improve the energy -saving performance, while maintaining the required data rate, by intelligently activating /deactivating each Femto Group (FG). The results of this paper demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to achieve a much better energy -saving performance, when compared it with the existing approaches . By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 33. Research: 1 cont. ByHussein AL-Sanabani
- 34. Researches (2)Researches (2) Title: LTE forVehicular Networking: A Survey Author: Araniti, G. ; Campolo, C. ; Condoluci, M. ; Iera, A. more authors Institute: University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria Published on: 2013 Communications Magazine, IEEE (Volume:51 , Issue: 5 ) By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 35. Research: 2 contcont.. In this paper discuss the usability of LTE to support vehicular applications, as they currently do by IEEE 802.11p (e.g., road safety and traffic efficiency services). And also support the applications mainly benefit from this promising cellular technology (e.g., VoIP, file sharing, video streaming, web browsing, social networking, blog uploading, gaming, cloud access). They say how to Take advantage from strengths of LTE (high capacity, wide coverage, high performance) to face the well- known drawbacks of IEEE 802.11p (poor scalability, low capacity, intermittent connectivity). LTE has overcome over IEEE 802.11p in terms of coverage (e.g.,In rural areas where the car density is low. By Hussein AL-Sanabani
- 36. ThankYou! I’d like toanswer any questions that you have… ByHusseinAL-Sanabani
- 37. References http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/tutorials-tools http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/en/home_48230.html http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson/corpinfo/publications/revi ew/2007_03/files/5_LTE_SAE.pdf By Hussein AL-Sanabani
Editor's Notes
- #5 3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership Project. A group of standard bodies produce technical specification for telecom industry.
- #7 system architecture evolution(SAE)
- #8 Backhaul: A link/system between core network and distributed point.
- #9 QuadratureAmplitudeModulation(QAM)
- #14 Operates in control plane and provides authentication(It handles the signalling related to mobility and security for E-UTRAN access.)
- #23 Discrete Fourier transform (DFT)
- #25 Multiple-input and multiple-output, or MIMO is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. Antenna diversity, also known as space diversity, is any one of several wireless diversity schemes that uses two or more antennas to improve the quality and reliability of a wireless link. Diversity plays an important role in combatting fading and co-channel interference and avoiding error bursts. Beamforming or spatial filtering is a signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception. space-division multiple access (SDMA) to allow multiple transmitters to send separate signals and multiple receivers to receive separate signals simultaneously in the same band. Multi layer transmission:-Different data streams sent simultaneously on different antennas with same frequency
- #28 Carrier aggregation? Extends the maximum transmission bandwidth, up to 100 MHz, by aggregating up to five LTE carriers – also known as component carriers (CCs) Self Optimizing networks (SON)?The intent is to substantially reduce the effort required to introduce new nodes to the network. •Examples of use cases : • Adding a new eNB • Self configuration • Self Healing • Continuous optimization • Interference control • Capacity and coverage optimization
- #29 International Telecommunications Union(ITU)
- #30 International Mobile Telephony (IMT)
- #33 femtocell is a small, low-power cellular base station.
- #34 Green Dynamic Configuration Algorithm (GDCA )where the FBS sleeping parameter N was designed to be static. Fig. 7 . The comparison of the total energy consumption of all FBSs between GDCA with static N and GDCA with dynamic N, under the considered violently fluctuating traffic -load pattern. Consumption Consuming
- #36 IEEE 802.11p is the standard that supports ITS applications in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs).