The document discusses the growth of mobile data and the development of LTE technology. It notes that mobile data is growing exponentially, especially for mobile broadband. LTE was developed by 3GPP to handle this growing traffic and provide higher speeds and lower latency compared to 3G. LTE provides connection speeds of up to 100Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink using OFDM and MIMO technologies in a simpler network architecture than 3G.

1. Tinniam V Ganesh
tvganesh.85@gmail.com
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2. Market conditions
 Mobile data is growing at an exponential
speed
 Mobile data in US & Europe expected to
grow at a CAGR of 55% & 42% respectively
 Mobile data revenues expected to grow at
a rate of 18%
 Mobile broadband connections will reach
1 billion by 2012 segmented between 3G
& 4G technologies
Highlights
• Annual IP traffic will exceed ½ a zettabyte
in 4 years by 2012 (10 21)
• Internet video (Youtube, DVD sharing
,IPTV) account for 30% of IP traffic
• Video communication and dynamic video
will increase the burden on the network
• Global IP traffic will double every two
years to 2010 and beyond
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3. The explosion of mobile data
In the last 2 years
• 1 billion new mobile subscriptions added
• 2 billion wireless devices sold
Device range from Mobile phones, Smartphones, Netbooks, PDAs, Wireless dongles
and Tablets
• Currently there are 3.5 billion subscribers worldwide
• 3G accounts for 350 million with 30 million added every quarter
• LTE forecast to reach 32.6 million by 2013
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4. The rise and rise of data
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5. Growth in data traffic
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6. The birth of LTE
To handle the growth in mobile data traffic a feasibility study on the
UTRA & UTRAN Long Term Evolution was started in December 2004.
The objective was "to develop a framework for the evolution of the 3GPP radio-access technology
towards a high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio-access technology”
In 3GPP Rel 8 the specifications of the EPS (Evolved Packet Core) which consisted of the E-UTRAN
(Enhanced UMTS Terrestial Radio Access Network) and EPC (Evolved Packet Core) was
created.
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7. Elements of the LTE System
LTE encompasses the evolution of
• Radio access through E-UTRAN (eNodeB)
• Non-radio aspects under the term System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
Entire system composed of LTE & SAE is called Evolved Packet System (EPS)
At a high level a LTE network is composed of
• Access network comprised of E-UTRAN
• Core Network called Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
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8. LTE Network Elements
UE – User Equipment used to connect to the EPS (Evolved Packet System). This is
an LTE capable UE
The LTE network is comprised of a) Access Network b) Core Network
Access network
ENB (eNodeB) – The evolved RAN consists of single node, the eNodeB that
interfaces with UE. The eNodeB hosts the PHY,MAC, RLC & RRC layers. It handles
radio resource management & scheduling.
Core Network (Evolved Packet Core-EPC)
 MME (Mobility Management Entity) – Performs paging, chooses the SGW
during UE attach
 S-GW (Serving Gateway) – routes & and forwards user data packets
 P-GW (Packet Gateway) – provides connectivity between the UE and the
external packet networks.
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9. LTE Network Elements
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10. LTE Network Elements
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11. LTE Technologies
 LTE uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) for lower latency and better
spectral efficiency
 Uses MIMO (Mulitple In Multiple Out) LTE uses several transmit & receive paths reducing
interference with increase in spectral efficiency and throughput.
 Flatter architecture – Fewer Network elements in the LTE Evolved Packet Core(EPC). This
results in lower latency because of lesser number of hops as compared to 3G. Absence of
RNC like Network Element(NE).
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12. Operator strategies for LTE deployment
Voice & SMS are the main source of revenue for the telecom companies. LTE strategy should be
one of the following
3. Data only services on LTE
4. Data only services on LTE with 2G – 3G voice
5. Data service on LTE and IMS based VOIP (VoLTE)
6. Voice and data service on LTE (VoLGA)
The above 3 strategies are not alternatives but a path for evolution
10. Data only option targeted to customers with LTE dongles, netbooks, air cards etc
11. Voice will remain a major revenue generator for CSP. LTE for data an 2G- 3G network for
voice calls. Operators will need to implement a CS-Fallback option (3GPP 23.272) to support
voice on 2G-3G networks. The call will fall back to GSM-UMTS network for voice
12. Voice and data service on LTE uses the IMS for voice services and LTE for data. This is based
on an all –IP network. On Feb 15,2010 the One Voice was adopted by GSMA as the Voice
over LTE (VoLTE). This is an end-to-end LTE ecosystem.
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14. 2.5G GPRS Network Elements
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15. LTE Network Elements
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16. LTE & 3G Network Elements
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17. 3.99G (4G)
LTE
Upto 100 Mbps
2009+
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18. ~100 Mbps
LTE
2010
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19. The evolution of mobile technology
Year Standards Technological evolution
1. 1999 3GPP Rel 99 GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS based
(2G, 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G)
2. 2001 3GPP Rel 4 Minor upgrades to UMTS, radio
interface
3. 2002 3GPP Rel 5 HSDPA , IMS architecture (3.5G)
4. 2005 3GPP Rel 6 Higher speeds
5. 2007 3GPP Rel 7 HSPA+,PoC, Voice & Video over
VOIP
6. 2008 3GPP Rel 8 EPS (E-UTRAN/LTE) (3.99G/4G)
7. 2009 3GPP Rel 9 Enhancement to EPS
8. 2010 3GPP Rel 10 LTE- Advanced (4G)
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20. LTE Development Timeline
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21. Technological Evolution
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22. Evolutionary path for LTE
LTE will have to co-exist with the existing technologies like 2G,2.5G & 3G.
Operators need to plan LTE deployment in an ecosystem comprising 2G,3G &
4G technologies
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23. Forecasted market share of various technologies
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24. LTE benefits
LTE provides download speeds of 100 Mbps downlink and
50Mbps uplink
Reduced latency ( <10 ms ) for better user experience
LTE has a better spectral efficiency (can squeeze more data)
Lower cost per bit (flatter architecture)
LTE base station cost is 1/5th of HSPA cost
Backwards compatible
o Works with GSM/EDGE/UMTS
o Utilizes existing 2G, 3G and new spectrum
Reduced CAPEX/OPEX via simple architecture
In short LTE provides high throughput, low latency , better
spectral efficiency and lower cost-per-bit.
LTE provides for better QoE (Quality of Experience)
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25. LTE- Faster, Simpler & Cheaper
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26. LTE Benefits
1/3 rd of OpEx is Technical Operations. LTE by virtue of the fact that is a
simpler network reduces this cost
Operators will upgrade their legacy SONET/ATM based transport to
Ethernet/IP based LTE/SAE packet core between 2010 - 2015
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27. LTE – Benefits
1. Superior QoE (Quality of Experience)
2. Improved Performance (faster throughput, lower latency
3. Better ROI
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28. LTE Services
Based on the features of LTE newer an richer services can be provided
2. Video services (high throughput)
3. Low Latency (Gaming)
4. Real time video conferencing (high quality)
5. M2M services
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29. LTE devices
Several considerations need to taken for LTE devices
- Multi-mode (LTE,3G,2G,HSPA etc)
- Multi-band (700 Mhz, 800 Mhz,900 Mhz…)
- Dual stack (IPv4/IPv6). Migration to LTE implies a transition to IPv6. Greater number of
devices will be connected all the time. IPv4 exhaustion is a possibility. There is a need for
dual stack (IPv4/IPv6) devices
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30. The future of LTE
The LTE networks for future will consist of many eNodeBs, femto cells and Home eNBs. This will
be complex network that will have to monitored and controlled. 3GPP TR 36.902 addresses
the issue of Self Optimizing/Self Organizing Network (SON). SONs comprises of 3 key aspects
2. Self configuring
3. Self optimizing
4. Self healing
5. LTE- Advanced based on 3GPP Release 10
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31. LTE Deployments worldwide
Commercial deployments will happen between 2010 - 2010
US, Europe, Japan are already mature 3G markets.
LTE is a natural evolution in these markets
Plans for LTE deployments are afoot in the following nations
7.Japan - KDDI, Softbank, NTT Docomo
8.USA - AT&T, Verizon & Telus
9.Australia - Telstra & Optus
10.Europe T-Mobile, Vodafone, Telefonica & FT-Orange
Clearwire is planning for LTE deployments
India is to rollout 3G in the beginning of 2011. LTE may take a
few years to enter India and will be based on the demands on
the 3G network
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32. LTE versus its competitors
The biggest rival of LTE in the 4G race is
WiMAX (Wireless Interoperability for
Microwave Access)
WiMAX is based of the IEEE 802.16e standard
and promises high speed data access
WiMAX may be popular in some niche areas
However the LTE has a better evolution path
as compared to WiMAX.
LTE can co-exist with GSM,WCDMA,HSPA
networks and provides a smooth ungrade
LTA will improve the Total Cost of Ownership
(TCO) as compared to HSPA.
LTE offers better through, reduced latency and
improved spectral efficiency
LTE allows reuse of existing site infrastructure
like antennas, feeder cables, antenna
masts, power supply etc
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33. Players in the LTE field
Access – eNodeB, Microcells, Picocells, Femtocells
Huawei, Interphase, Airvana, Fujitsu, Motorola, ALU, Trillium
Enhanced Packet Core (EPC)
Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, Nokia Siemens, Huawei, Motorola, Trillium
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34. Thank You !!!
Tinniam344/1/201204/01/12 V Ganesh
tvganesh.85@gmail.com
Read my blogs: http://gigadom.wordpress.com/
http://savvydom.wordpress.com/
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