This document provides an overview of LTE and LTE-Advanced mobile communication standards. It discusses the history and development of LTE beginning in 2004. The benefits of LTE include higher bandwidth, data rates, and efficiency. The network architecture of LTE includes evolved Node Bs, serving gateways, packet data network gateways, and mobility management entities. Key technologies that enable LTE are OFDMA, MIMO, and SC-FDMA. LTE-Advanced was standardized in 2011 and first implemented commercially in 2012, providing further enhanced capabilities over LTE.

1. GUIDED BY:
PROF. MANISHA UPADHYAY
LTE and LTE- Advance
PREPARED BY:
SUDHIR KUMAR
(15MECC24)

2. o INTRODUCTION
o HISTORY
o BENEFITS
o CHALLENGES
o NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
o LTE SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGIES
o LTE- ADVANCED (INTRODUCTION)
o COMPARISION

5.  LTE is a 4G-Mobile communication standard.
or
 LTE is a standard for wireless communication of
high speed data for mobile phones and data
terminals.
 It is based on GSM/EDGE network technology.

6. • In 2004, 3GPP began a project to define LTE of
UMTS cellular technology
• LTE was first proposed by NTT DoCoMo of Japan
in 2004
• First publicly available LTE service was launched
by Talia Sonora in Oslo and Stockholm in 2009
• Samsung Galaxy Indulge being the world’s first
LTE smartphone starting on February 10, 2011

7.  Initially, CDMA operators planned to upgrade to
rival standards called UMB and WiMAX
 But all the major CDMA operators (such as
Verizon, Sprint and Metro PCS in the United States,
Bell and Telis in Canada, SK Telecom in South
Korea and China Telecom/China Unicom in China)
have announced that they intend to migrate to LTE.
 The evolution of LTE is LTE Advanced, which was
standardized in March 2011. Services are expected
to commence in 2013.

8.  Scalable bandwidth
 Higher bandwidth
 Higher data rate
 Low latency
 Operation in both Fdd and Tdd modes
 Support for all frequency band
 High peak speed
dowlink rate : 299.6 mbps / uplink rate: 75.4 mbps

9.  Fast handoff technique
 Video calling without buffering
 Fast web browsing
 Higher efficiency
 Faster speed and lower latency
 All-IP network
 Plug and play architecture
 Improved end-user experience
 Faster data download/ upload
 High network throughput

10.  Throughput
 Pricing
 Battery life
 Roaming
 Quality of service control

13.  EVOLVED NODE B (eNB)
Support air interface.
Provide radio resources management function.
 SERVING GATEWAY (SGW)
Provides mobility
Responsible for routing and forwarding.

14.  PACKET DATA NETWORK GATEWAY
Provides connectivity to internet
Provides QoS and mobility between 3G and non 3G
network
 MOBILITY MANAGEMENT ENTITY
Manage mobility and provide security
Operates in control plane and provides authentication

15.  OFDMA
It can be used as a multi-access scheme, where the
available sub-carriers may be divided into several groups
of sub-carriers called sub-channels.
Different sub channels may be allocated to different users
as a multiple access mechanism. This type of multi
access scheme is called OFDMA.
OFDMA is essentially a hybrid of FDMA and TDMA.
Users are dynamically assigned sub-carriers (FDMA) in
different time slots (TDMA).
OFDMA is a flexible multiple access technique that can
accommodate many users with widely varying
applications, data rates and QoS requirements.

16.  WHY OFDM.?
Reduces ISI
Minimize effect of multipath fading
Result in bandwidth saving

17.  MIMO
One of the most popular Advanced Antenna
technology which is supported by LTE.
It offers higher throughput for a given bandwidth
and higher link range for a given power value.
The key idea is that a transmitter sends multiple
streams on multiple transmit antennas and each
transmitted stream goes through different paths
to reach each receiver antenna.

18. The different paths taken by the same stream to
reach multiple receivers allow canceling errors using
superior signal processing techniques.

19.  SC-FDMA
 It is a new multiple access technique that utilizes single
carrier modulation. It has an additional DFT processing
step preceding the conventional OFDMA processing.

20. In OFDM each sub carrier only carries information related to
one specific symbol while in SC-FDMA each sub carrier contain
information of all transmitted symbol.

21.  FIVE SECURITY LEVELS DEINED BY
3GPP COMMITTEE.
Network access security
Network domain security
User domain security
Application domain security
Non-3gpp domain security

24.  LTE-ADVANCE IS A MOBILE COMMUNICATION STANDARD,
FORMALLY SUBMITTED AS A CANDIDATE 4G SYSTEM TO
ITU-T IN LATE 2009.
 IT WAS APPROVED INTO ITU, IMT-ADVANCE AND WAS
FINALIZED BY 3GPP IN MARCH 2011.
 IT WAS COMMERICALY IMPLEMENTED IN OCTOBER 2012 BY
RUSSIAN NETWORK YOTA.
LOGO OF 1ST LTE- ADVANCE

28.  International Journal of Security and Its
Applications Vol.8, No.4 (2014)
 A Survey on Security Aspects for LTE and LTE-A
Networks IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS
& TUTORIALS, VOL. 16, NO. 1, FIRST
QUARTER 2014
 http://mobilesociety.typepad.com/mobile_life/2007
/05/an_introduction.html
 Wireless Multimedia Communication Systems:
Design, Analysis, and Implementation- By K.R. Rao,
Zoran S. Bojkovic, Bojan M. Bakmaz