LTE-Advanced is essentially the next level of LTE. In particular, LTE-Advanced is LTE that fulfills the criteria to be considered 4G by the ITU.

1. LTE ADVANCED
Presented
by
RAAVI TRINATH

2. INTRODUCTION
• LTE Advanced is a mobile communication standard, formally
submitted as a candidate 4G system to ITU-T in late 2009.
• It was approved into ITU,IMT-Advanced and was finalized by 3GPP in
March 2011.
• Standardized by the 3GPP as a major enhancement of the LTE
standard.
• It was commercially implemented in October 2012 by Russian
network Yota.

3. Key milestones for ITU-R IMT Advanced
evaluation
MILESTONE DATE
Issue invitation to propose Radio Interface Technologies. March 2008
ITU date for cut-off for submission of proposed Radio Interface
Technologies.
October 2009
Cutoff date for evaluation report to ITU. June 2010
Decision on framework of key characteristics of IMT Advanced Radio
Interface Technologies.
October 2010
Completion of development of radio interface specification
recommendations.
February 2011

4. LTE-Advanced Development History
WCDMA
(UMTS)
HSPA
HSDPA / HSUPA
HSPA+ LTE LTE ADVANCED
(IMT ADVANCED)
Max downlink
speed (bps)
384k 14 M 28 M 100 M 1 G
Max uplink speed
(bps)
128 k 5.7 M 11 M 50 M 500 M
Latency round trip
time
(approx.)
150 ms 100 ms 50 ms
(max)
~10 ms Less than 5 ms
3GPP releases Rel 99/4 Rel 5/6 Rel 7 Rel 8/9 Rel 10
Approx years of
initial roll out
2003/4 2005/6 HSDPA
2007/8 HSUPA
2008/9 2009/10
Access
methodology
CDMA CDMA CDMA OFDMA/SC-FDMA OFDMA/SC-FDMA

5. LTE Advanced Key Features
• Peak data rates: downlink - 1 Gbps; uplink - 500 Mbps.
• Spectrum efficiency: 3 times greater than LTE.
• Peak spectrum efficiency: downlink - 30 bps/Hz; uplink - 15 bps/Hz.
• Spectrum use: the ability to support scalable bandwidth use and spectrum
aggregation where non-contiguous spectrum needs to be used.
• Latency: from Idle to Connected in less than 50 ms and then shorter than 5
ms one way for individual packet transmission.

6. • Cell edge user throughput to be twice that of LTE.
• Average user throughput to be 3 times that of LTE.
• Mobility: Same as that in LTE
• Compatibility: LTE Advanced shall be capable of interworking with LTE
and 3GPP legacy systems.

7. Comparison between LTE & Advanced LTE

8. • Carrier Aggregation (CA).
• Enhanced use of multi-antenna techniques.
• Support for Relay Nodes (RN).
The main new functionalities introduced in
LTE-Advanced

9. Carrier Aggregation
• Each aggregated carrier is referred to as a component carrier.
• Use maximum of five component carriers.
• Each of BW of 1.4Mhz, 3Mhz,5Mhz, 10Mhz, 15Mhz or 20 Mhz.
• The individual component carriers can also be of different bandwidths.

10. • Channel BW per CCs can be different b/w UL & DL.
• The individual component carriers can also be of different
bandwidths.

11. Three Different Scenarios
INTRA BAND, CONTIGUOUS
INTRA BAND, NON CONTIGUOUS
INTER BAND, NON CONTIGUOUS

12. o Intra Band, Contiguous
The CCs are allocated within the same operating band and they are
contiguous.
o Intra Band, Non Contiguous
The CCs are allocated within the same operating band and they are
not contiguous.

13. o Inter Band, Non Contiguous
• The CCs allocated in different operating bands.
• The CCs will experience different pathloss, which increases with increasing
frequency

14. MIMO, Multiple Input Multiple Output – or
spatial multiplexing
• Used to increase the overall bitrate
• Through transmission of two (or more) different data streams on two
(or more) different antennas
• Using the same resources in both frequency and time, separated only
through use of different reference signals
• to be received by two or more antennas.

15. • A major change in LTE-Advanced is the introduction of higher order
MIMO; 8x8 in the DL and 4x4 in the UL.
• MIMO shall be used when S/N (Signal to Noise ratio) is high, i.e. high
quality radio channel.
• For situations with low S/N it is better to use other types of multi-
antenna techniques to improve S/N, e.g. TX-diversity

16. Relay Nodes
• The Relay Nodes are low power base stations
• Provide enhanced coverage and capacity at cell edges
• It can also be used to connect to remote areas without fibre
connection.

17. • The Relay Node (RN) is connected to the DeNB via the radio interface
Un.
• UEs at the edge of the donor cell are connected to the RN via Uu,
• UEs closer to the DeNB are directly connected to the DeNB via the Uu
interface.
• When the Uu and Un use different frequencies the Relay Node is
referred to as a Type 1a RN.
• For Type 1 RN , Uu and Un utilize the same frequencies.
• There is a high risk for self interference in the Relay Node.
• This can be avoided through time sharing between Uu and Un,
• Or having different locations of the transmitter and receiver.

19. LTE-Advanced Improvements