The document provides an overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Key points include:
- LTE is designed to provide high-speed data and media transport with high-capacity voice support through the next decade.
- It enables high-performance mobile broadband services using high bitrates and system throughput in both uplink and downlink with low latency.
- The LTE infrastructure is designed to be simple to deploy and operate across flexible frequency bands from less than 5MHz to 20MHz.
- The LTE-SAE architecture reduces network nodes and supports flexible configurations for high service availability across multiple standards.
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
Lte training an introduction-to-lte-basicsSaurabh Verma
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It discusses that LTE was standardized by 3GPP in 2008 to improve the performance and efficiency of wireless networks. Key aspects of LTE include the use of OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, support for flexible bandwidths, and an evolved packet core network architecture. LTE aims to provide higher speeds, lower latency, and more efficient use of spectrum compared to previous 3G technologies.
4G LTE uses technologies like OFDMA, SC-FDMA and MIMO to provide peak download rates of 100 Mbps and upload rates of 50 Mbps, with low latency. It employs an all-IP packet switched network with scalable channel bandwidth between 5-20 MHz. The LTE network architecture consists solely of evolved NodeBs which simplify the design.
The document outlines the course content for a training on LTE Network and Radio Planning Design. The course will cover:
1. An introduction and overview of the LTE architecture and its evolution from previous 3GPP standards like GSM, UMTS, and LTE.
2. Details of the LTE radio interface and channels.
3. LTE link budgets and capacity planning principles.
4. CPE testing procedures.
This document provides an overview of 4G LTE technology. It discusses key LTE concepts such as OFDM and MIMO used in the downlink and uplink, as well as requirements for IMT-Advanced systems. It describes the 3GPP releases that specified LTE and LTE-Advanced standards and components of the LTE network architecture including the E-UTRAN, EPC, and interfaces between nodes. The document also provides explanations of OFDM, MIMO, SC-FDMA, and the LTE physical layer frame structure and resource grid. Special features introduced in LTE-Advanced like carrier aggregation and relaying are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Key points include:
- LTE is designed to provide high-speed data and media transport with high-capacity voice support through the next decade.
- It enables high-performance mobile broadband services using high bitrates and system throughput in both uplink and downlink with low latency.
- The LTE infrastructure is designed to be simple to deploy and operate across flexible frequency bands from less than 5MHz to 20MHz.
- The LTE-SAE architecture reduces network nodes and supports flexible configurations for high service availability across multiple standards.
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
Lte training an introduction-to-lte-basicsSaurabh Verma
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It discusses that LTE was standardized by 3GPP in 2008 to improve the performance and efficiency of wireless networks. Key aspects of LTE include the use of OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, support for flexible bandwidths, and an evolved packet core network architecture. LTE aims to provide higher speeds, lower latency, and more efficient use of spectrum compared to previous 3G technologies.
4G LTE uses technologies like OFDMA, SC-FDMA and MIMO to provide peak download rates of 100 Mbps and upload rates of 50 Mbps, with low latency. It employs an all-IP packet switched network with scalable channel bandwidth between 5-20 MHz. The LTE network architecture consists solely of evolved NodeBs which simplify the design.
The document outlines the course content for a training on LTE Network and Radio Planning Design. The course will cover:
1. An introduction and overview of the LTE architecture and its evolution from previous 3GPP standards like GSM, UMTS, and LTE.
2. Details of the LTE radio interface and channels.
3. LTE link budgets and capacity planning principles.
4. CPE testing procedures.
This document provides an overview of 4G LTE technology. It discusses key LTE concepts such as OFDM and MIMO used in the downlink and uplink, as well as requirements for IMT-Advanced systems. It describes the 3GPP releases that specified LTE and LTE-Advanced standards and components of the LTE network architecture including the E-UTRAN, EPC, and interfaces between nodes. The document also provides explanations of OFDM, MIMO, SC-FDMA, and the LTE physical layer frame structure and resource grid. Special features introduced in LTE-Advanced like carrier aggregation and relaying are also summarized.
The document describes the LTE protocol stack, which contains a user plane and control plane. It divides the protocol stack into layers for the radio network and transport network. The physical layer transfers data and performs error detection. The MAC sublayer maps transport channels to logical channels and handles scheduling. The RLC layer provides different reliability modes for data transfer. The PDCP layer performs header compression and ciphering. The RRC layer controls handovers, paging, and radio bearer setup. Transport protocols like IP, UDP, and GTP are used in the fixed network.
LTE is a 4G wireless technology developed by 3GPP to provide high-speed data and media transport, as well as high-capacity voice support into the next decade. It combines OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase peak data rates while improving spectral efficiency and lowering costs. LTE aims to meet carrier needs through flexible scalable bandwidth, support for FDD and TDD spectrum, and simplified network architecture. It is designed to evolve GSM, WCDMA and CDMA networks towards an all-IP packet-switched system.
LTE is a mobile broadband technology specified in 3GPP release 8 that provides higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink. The high-level architecture of LTE includes user equipment (UE), the evolved-UTRAN radio access network, and the evolved packet core. LTE Advanced, specified in release 10, utilizes technologies like carrier aggregation to support peak rates of 1 Gbps downlink and 500 Mbps uplink. LTE Advanced in unlicensed spectrum as specified in release 13 aggregates unlicensed bands with licensed spectrum for a unified LTE network leveraging both types of spectrum.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to LTE networks. It describes key technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. The LTE network architecture is presented, including elements such as the E-UTRAN, MME, serving gateway, PDN gateway, and HSS. The interfaces between these elements are also outlined.
The document summarizes Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It discusses the evolution of LTE from 3G networks and its key features like downlink speeds of 100Mbps. The technologies that LTE uses are described, including OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink. LTE architecture is explained as a flat all-IP architecture with E-UTRAN and EPC components. Future applications of LTE Advanced and 4G are also mentioned.
LTE was developed to meet increasing demands for mobile data traffic by improving key metrics like latency, throughput, capacity and coverage compared to HSPA. It features flexible bandwidths up to 20MHz, simplified network architecture, advanced antenna techniques and OFDMA/SC-FDMA based access for downlink and uplink respectively. LTE supports peak rates of 300Mbps downlink and 75Mbps uplink depending on UE category and bandwidth. It adopts an all-IP flat architecture with simplified all-packet based transmission procedures.
1) The document discusses new services and technologies that will evolve LTE networks in Releases 12-14 to pave the way for 5G, including support for the Internet of Things, public safety, broadcast services, and vehicular communication.
2) It describes how LTE will be enhanced through improved radio capabilities like carrier aggregation, interference cancellation, and deployment on new spectrum bands up to 5.4GHz.
3) Separate radio networks were previously needed for different uses but LTE will provide a single network solution for smartphones, IoT devices, public safety services, and broadcast TV through features introduced in 3GPP Releases 12-14.
LTE-Advanced aims to meet and exceed the requirements for IMT-Advanced, or 4G, standards by 2020 by evolving beyond the 3GPP LTE Release 8 specification. Key technologies for LTE-Advanced include carrier aggregation to support bandwidths up to 100 MHz, advanced antenna techniques like 8x8 MIMO to increase peak data rates, and heterogeneous networks using small cells to improve coverage and capacity. Coordinated multipoint transmission and reception and relays are also specified to enhance macro network performance and enable efficient small cell deployments.
The document is a tutorial on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It provides an overview of LTE architecture, which includes the Evolved Packet Core and E-UTRAN access network. It also describes the LTE radio interface protocol layers and channels. The document discusses topics like LTE scheduling, hybrid ARQ, and the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service in LTE.
introduction to lte 4g lte advanced bsnl training SumanPramanik7
The document provides an overview of 4G LTE-Advanced technologies including carrier aggregation, coordinated multipoint operation, self-organizing networks, and inter-cell interference coordination. It discusses how carrier aggregation allows combining of multiple component carriers to increase channel bandwidth up to 100MHz. Coordinated multipoint operation helps improve cell edge performance through coordination between base stations. Self-organizing networks allow dynamic configuration and optimization of heterogeneous networks. Inter-cell interference coordination further improves performance through techniques like almost blank subframes.
The document discusses LTE key technologies including those from Release 9 and Release 10 of the 3GPP specifications. It describes the organizations involved in developing LTE standards and trials. The basic LTE technologies covered include OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and peak throughput calculation methods. Key technologies added in Release 9 include enhanced dual-layer beamforming transmission to improve cell capacity and coverage using multiple layers. Release 10 features further expanded the use of multiple antennas and introduced carrier aggregation.
Technical Overview of LTE ( Hyung G. Myung)Going LTE
The document provides a technical overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution). It discusses the evolution of cellular wireless systems from 1G to 3G, and the development of 4G technologies including 3GPP LTE, 3GPP2 UMB, and IEEE 802.16m. It describes the key requirements, enabling technologies, features, and standard specifications of 3GPP LTE. It also outlines the LTE protocol architecture and network architecture, including the roles of eNB, MME, S-GW, and P-GW nodes.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, including its network architecture, modulation techniques, and throughput calculation. It discusses key aspects of LTE such as OFDM, OFDMA, adaptive modulation and coding, MIMO antennas, and the use of SC-FDMA for uplink transmission. Diagrams and equations are presented to illustrate LTE resource blocks, modulation schemes, and how to calculate throughput at the MAC layer for different bandwidths, modulation types, and MIMO configurations. The purpose is to introduce basic concepts of LTE for telecommunications engineering students.
Overview of LTE Air-Interface Technical White PaperGoing LTE
1) The document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE), a planned evolution of the 3G UMTS mobile communications standard to improve speed and capacity.
2) It provides an overview of the new LTE E-UTRA air interface, including performance requirements, key technologies like OFDM for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and control channel design.
3) Initial system simulations show LTE can provide 2-3x the throughput of existing 3G systems for both uplink and downlink.
The document discusses an introduction to LTE presentation given on November 9th, 2012 in Jakarta by Arief Hamdani Gunawan. The presentation covers:
1. An introduction to LTE including the evolution of 3G technologies and the motivation for developing LTE.
2. An overview of the key LTE technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the LTE frequency bands.
3. A discussion of the 3GPP release process and the key features introduced in releases 6-10 such as HSPA, LTE, LTE-Advanced, and carrier aggregation.
This document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE Advanced technologies. It provides information on key features of LTE Advanced such as improved peak data rates up to 1 Gbps, increased spectrum efficiency up to 30 bps/Hz, and enhanced capabilities to support advanced applications and services. The document also discusses technologies enabling LTE Advanced like OFDMA and MIMO as well as differences between wireless generations and advantages/disadvantages of LTE networks.
This is work done by MURTADHA ALI NSAIF SHUKUR student at MMU Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. With the help my teachers ( Dr. Kuldip pahwa and Er. Ankur singhal) thank for all my teachers for help me. thank you
This document provides an overview of LTE architecture and interfaces. It begins with a brief history of 3GPP and IEEE standards evolutions leading to LTE. It then discusses the key capabilities and performance targets of LTE such as higher data rates, lower latency, and improved spectrum efficiency. The document outlines the LTE system architecture including the Evolved UTRAN and Evolved Packet Core. It describes the network interfaces between these components and other 3GPP networks for interworking and roaming. In summary, the document covers the evolution and standardization history driving LTE, its important technical capabilities, and high-level network architecture.
This document discusses Self-Organizing Networks (SON) and its features in LTE networks. It describes the key drivers for SON in LTE including reducing manual intervention, improving performance and user experience. The main SON features covered are self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing. Specific use cases explained include PCI planning, ANR, MRO and energy savings. The LTE SON framework and architecture specified by 3GPP is also summarized.
The document describes the LTE protocol stack, which contains a user plane and control plane. It divides the protocol stack into layers for the radio network and transport network. The physical layer transfers data and performs error detection. The MAC sublayer maps transport channels to logical channels and handles scheduling. The RLC layer provides different reliability modes for data transfer. The PDCP layer performs header compression and ciphering. The RRC layer controls handovers, paging, and radio bearer setup. Transport protocols like IP, UDP, and GTP are used in the fixed network.
LTE is a 4G wireless technology developed by 3GPP to provide high-speed data and media transport, as well as high-capacity voice support into the next decade. It combines OFDM and MIMO to significantly increase peak data rates while improving spectral efficiency and lowering costs. LTE aims to meet carrier needs through flexible scalable bandwidth, support for FDD and TDD spectrum, and simplified network architecture. It is designed to evolve GSM, WCDMA and CDMA networks towards an all-IP packet-switched system.
LTE is a mobile broadband technology specified in 3GPP release 8 that provides higher data rates of up to 300 Mbps downlink and 75 Mbps uplink. The high-level architecture of LTE includes user equipment (UE), the evolved-UTRAN radio access network, and the evolved packet core. LTE Advanced, specified in release 10, utilizes technologies like carrier aggregation to support peak rates of 1 Gbps downlink and 500 Mbps uplink. LTE Advanced in unlicensed spectrum as specified in release 13 aggregates unlicensed bands with licensed spectrum for a unified LTE network leveraging both types of spectrum.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless technology designed to support higher data speeds and capacities. It uses OFDMA for the downlink and SC-FDMA for the uplink. LTE supports MIMO to increase data rates through multiple antennas. The LTE network architecture consists of the eNodeB base stations, Mobility Management Entity (MME) for control plane functions, Serving Gateway (SGW) for user plane functions, and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW) connecting to external networks. Voice can be supported in LTE through Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB) to legacy networks or using Voice over LTE (VoLTE) with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to LTE networks. It describes key technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. The LTE network architecture is presented, including elements such as the E-UTRAN, MME, serving gateway, PDN gateway, and HSS. The interfaces between these elements are also outlined.
The document summarizes Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It discusses the evolution of LTE from 3G networks and its key features like downlink speeds of 100Mbps. The technologies that LTE uses are described, including OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink. LTE architecture is explained as a flat all-IP architecture with E-UTRAN and EPC components. Future applications of LTE Advanced and 4G are also mentioned.
LTE was developed to meet increasing demands for mobile data traffic by improving key metrics like latency, throughput, capacity and coverage compared to HSPA. It features flexible bandwidths up to 20MHz, simplified network architecture, advanced antenna techniques and OFDMA/SC-FDMA based access for downlink and uplink respectively. LTE supports peak rates of 300Mbps downlink and 75Mbps uplink depending on UE category and bandwidth. It adopts an all-IP flat architecture with simplified all-packet based transmission procedures.
1) The document discusses new services and technologies that will evolve LTE networks in Releases 12-14 to pave the way for 5G, including support for the Internet of Things, public safety, broadcast services, and vehicular communication.
2) It describes how LTE will be enhanced through improved radio capabilities like carrier aggregation, interference cancellation, and deployment on new spectrum bands up to 5.4GHz.
3) Separate radio networks were previously needed for different uses but LTE will provide a single network solution for smartphones, IoT devices, public safety services, and broadcast TV through features introduced in 3GPP Releases 12-14.
LTE-Advanced aims to meet and exceed the requirements for IMT-Advanced, or 4G, standards by 2020 by evolving beyond the 3GPP LTE Release 8 specification. Key technologies for LTE-Advanced include carrier aggregation to support bandwidths up to 100 MHz, advanced antenna techniques like 8x8 MIMO to increase peak data rates, and heterogeneous networks using small cells to improve coverage and capacity. Coordinated multipoint transmission and reception and relays are also specified to enhance macro network performance and enable efficient small cell deployments.
The document is a tutorial on Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. It provides an overview of LTE architecture, which includes the Evolved Packet Core and E-UTRAN access network. It also describes the LTE radio interface protocol layers and channels. The document discusses topics like LTE scheduling, hybrid ARQ, and the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service in LTE.
introduction to lte 4g lte advanced bsnl training SumanPramanik7
The document provides an overview of 4G LTE-Advanced technologies including carrier aggregation, coordinated multipoint operation, self-organizing networks, and inter-cell interference coordination. It discusses how carrier aggregation allows combining of multiple component carriers to increase channel bandwidth up to 100MHz. Coordinated multipoint operation helps improve cell edge performance through coordination between base stations. Self-organizing networks allow dynamic configuration and optimization of heterogeneous networks. Inter-cell interference coordination further improves performance through techniques like almost blank subframes.
The document discusses LTE key technologies including those from Release 9 and Release 10 of the 3GPP specifications. It describes the organizations involved in developing LTE standards and trials. The basic LTE technologies covered include OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and peak throughput calculation methods. Key technologies added in Release 9 include enhanced dual-layer beamforming transmission to improve cell capacity and coverage using multiple layers. Release 10 features further expanded the use of multiple antennas and introduced carrier aggregation.
Technical Overview of LTE ( Hyung G. Myung)Going LTE
The document provides a technical overview of 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution). It discusses the evolution of cellular wireless systems from 1G to 3G, and the development of 4G technologies including 3GPP LTE, 3GPP2 UMB, and IEEE 802.16m. It describes the key requirements, enabling technologies, features, and standard specifications of 3GPP LTE. It also outlines the LTE protocol architecture and network architecture, including the roles of eNB, MME, S-GW, and P-GW nodes.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology, including its network architecture, modulation techniques, and throughput calculation. It discusses key aspects of LTE such as OFDM, OFDMA, adaptive modulation and coding, MIMO antennas, and the use of SC-FDMA for uplink transmission. Diagrams and equations are presented to illustrate LTE resource blocks, modulation schemes, and how to calculate throughput at the MAC layer for different bandwidths, modulation types, and MIMO configurations. The purpose is to introduce basic concepts of LTE for telecommunications engineering students.
Overview of LTE Air-Interface Technical White PaperGoing LTE
1) The document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE), a planned evolution of the 3G UMTS mobile communications standard to improve speed and capacity.
2) It provides an overview of the new LTE E-UTRA air interface, including performance requirements, key technologies like OFDM for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink, frame structure, and control channel design.
3) Initial system simulations show LTE can provide 2-3x the throughput of existing 3G systems for both uplink and downlink.
The document discusses an introduction to LTE presentation given on November 9th, 2012 in Jakarta by Arief Hamdani Gunawan. The presentation covers:
1. An introduction to LTE including the evolution of 3G technologies and the motivation for developing LTE.
2. An overview of the key LTE technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the LTE frequency bands.
3. A discussion of the 3GPP release process and the key features introduced in releases 6-10 such as HSPA, LTE, LTE-Advanced, and carrier aggregation.
This document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE Advanced technologies. It provides information on key features of LTE Advanced such as improved peak data rates up to 1 Gbps, increased spectrum efficiency up to 30 bps/Hz, and enhanced capabilities to support advanced applications and services. The document also discusses technologies enabling LTE Advanced like OFDMA and MIMO as well as differences between wireless generations and advantages/disadvantages of LTE networks.
This is work done by MURTADHA ALI NSAIF SHUKUR student at MMU Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. With the help my teachers ( Dr. Kuldip pahwa and Er. Ankur singhal) thank for all my teachers for help me. thank you
This document provides an overview of LTE architecture and interfaces. It begins with a brief history of 3GPP and IEEE standards evolutions leading to LTE. It then discusses the key capabilities and performance targets of LTE such as higher data rates, lower latency, and improved spectrum efficiency. The document outlines the LTE system architecture including the Evolved UTRAN and Evolved Packet Core. It describes the network interfaces between these components and other 3GPP networks for interworking and roaming. In summary, the document covers the evolution and standardization history driving LTE, its important technical capabilities, and high-level network architecture.
This document discusses Self-Organizing Networks (SON) and its features in LTE networks. It describes the key drivers for SON in LTE including reducing manual intervention, improving performance and user experience. The main SON features covered are self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing. Specific use cases explained include PCI planning, ANR, MRO and energy savings. The LTE SON framework and architecture specified by 3GPP is also summarized.
This document provides an overview of wireless cellular technologies and career opportunities in the field. It discusses the evolution of cellular standards from 2G to 4G, including the technologies, architectures, and frequency bands used. It also covers recent trends like SDN, IoT, NFV, and big data. Finally, the document outlines various career paths in telecommunications networks, equipment manufacturing, software, and other industry domains.
Long Term Evolution
Preview of previous mobile technologies
UMTS
3.5G - HSPA
LTE architecture
Antenna techniques
some slides are copied from other ppt presentation available on internet, all rights reserved to respective owners of slides and information.
The document discusses performance challenges for 3G and beyond networks and key performance indicators. It highlights the need to correlate performance between radio and IP domains to better understand customer experience issues. Tracking area optimization is also discussed as an important metric to balance signaling load and customer traffic for a good user experience. Integrated monitoring of network elements is needed to rapidly identify problems across domains.
Lecture 2 evolution of mobile cellular Chandra Meena
This document provides an overview of mobile and ad hoc networks. It discusses the evolution of cellular networks from early radio communication systems through modern generations like 5G. Key topics covered include the fundamentals of wireless technologies, radio propagation mechanisms, characteristics of the wireless channel, and cellular network components and terminology. Generations of cellular standards are defined, including 1G analog networks like AMPS, 2G digital networks like GSM that enabled data services, and subsequent generations with improved capabilities.
This document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. It discusses LTE's history and development as the next generation telecom standard following 3G. Key features of LTE include supporting peak download speeds of 300 Mbps, latency under 5ms, seamless handovers between networks, and use of an all-IP architecture. The document also compares LTE to its competitor WiMAX, outlines challenges around voice calls that led to technologies like VoLTE, and notes LTE Advanced will support speeds up to 3.3Gbps.
LTE-Direct is an innovative device-to-device technology offering privacy sensitive and battery efficient proximity based discovery of friends, services, offers, and other relevant value in one’s proximity.
This slide will only give a basic idea of the project.Refer to Qualcomm Technologies for the detailed informations.All content and property rights owned by Qualcomm Technologies.Use only for educational purposes.
I
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is a 3G mobile communication system that offers high quality wireless multimedia services. It delivers information directly to users and provides access to new services and applications regardless of location, network, or terminal used. The UMTS architecture separates the core network from the radio access network. A UMTS mobile station can operate in PS/CS mode for simultaneous services, PS-only mode, or CS-only mode. UMTS has gone through several releases to support features like HSDPA and all-IP networking.
LTE is a mobile network technology standard that aims to provide faster data speeds and lower latency compared to 3G. Its goals are to transmit data at rates over 100 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink while reducing latency to less than 10 milliseconds. Key factors enabling LTE's high performance include new modulation techniques like OFDM, scalable bandwidth allocation, and MIMO technology. LTE also simplifies the core network architecture and enables more automated network management. These improvements provide users with richer multimedia services at lower cost to operators and devices.
Here is the FMEA analysis for the LTE Release Management process:
1. Execute Patch Release Testing
- Incomplete testing due to time constraints
- Defects passed through to next stage
8
- Lack of test resources/capacity
- Complexity of software
- Timeboxed testing
7
- Test automation
- Peer review of test cases
6
336
2. Patch under Pilot
- Defects identified in Pilot phase
- Delays resolution and rollout
7
- Insufficient Pilot scope/scale
- Quality of testing prior to Pilot
6
- Staged Pilot rollout
-
LTE and LTE advanced Performance ( By 3GPP RAN Chairmans’ ) BP Tiwari
The document proposes LTE Release 10 and beyond (LTE-Advanced) as a candidate radio interface technology for IMT-Advanced. It provides an overview of 3GPP standardization activities, including LTE Release 8 which established the foundation, and LTE-Advanced which aims to meet IMT-Advanced requirements through further evolution. The proposal outlines motivations for LTE-Advanced and the 3GPP study underway to identify technologies to achieve requirements and targets.
This document provides definitions and descriptions for key performance indicators (KPIs) related to an eNodeB. It includes KPIs in areas such as accessibility, retainability, and mobility. The KPIs measure things like call setup success rates, call drop rates, and handover success rates. Templates are provided for standardized KPI definition. The document is intended for network planners, administrators, and operators to understand eNodeB performance.
This document discusses the evolution of 4G mobile technology, including its key features and capabilities. 4G provides ultra-broadband internet access to mobile devices using an entirely packet-switched network with wider bandwidths of 100 MHz or more. It allows for global mobility, customized personal networks, and multimedia applications at low transmission costs. While 4G enables benefits like high usability, support for multimedia services, and high bandwidth with tight security, it also faces challenges such as the need for complicated hardware, difficulty in implementation, higher battery usage, and greater expense compared to previous generations of mobile technology.
This document provides an overview of 4G technology, including its objectives and development timeline. 4G aims to provide data rates of 100 Mbps for mobile users and 1 Gbps for stationary users. It will allow for seamless connectivity across networks on a global scale. 4G is expected to launch in 2010 and enable new applications like mobile TV and video chat by delivering high-speed data and multimedia over wireless networks on an "anytime, anywhere" basis.
4G is the 4th generation of mobile communication providing very high data transfer rates by coalescing WiMax and WiFi technologies. It allows HD data access over the internet without buffering and improves audio/video quality and gaming. Key 4G technologies include OFDMA, MIMO, IPv6, and software-defined radios. 4G networks use eNodeB, MME, and SGW components and provide higher bandwidth and faster response times than 3G. While promising improvements, 4G also faces challenges of higher costs and limited initial availability.
High performance browser networking ch7,8Seung-Bum Lee
Presentation material including summary of "High Performance Browser Networking" by Ilya Grigorik. This book includes very good summary of computer network not only for internet browsing but also multimedia streaming.
3GPP Standardisation & Evolution for Digital Infrastucture.pdf21stMilestoneResiden
The document discusses 3GPP, which is the 3rd Generation Partnership Project. 3GPP is a standards organization that develops protocols for mobile telecommunications. It has over 400 individual members including operators, vendors, and regulators. The document outlines 3GPP's history and evolution, including developing standards for 2G networks like GSM, 3G networks like UMTS, and 4G networks like LTE. It also discusses 3GPP's focus on increasing data throughput, lowering latency, improving spectrum flexibility and efficiency for operators.
The document outlines LTE, 4G networks, and discusses technologies beyond 4G including 5G. It defines LTE and its key specifications. 4G is defined as supporting speeds up to 100Mbps for mobile and 1Gbps for stationary devices. Features of 4G networks include being fully IP-based, higher bandwidths, and support for new applications. Challenges in 4G include accessing different networks and managing terminal mobility across networks through location and handoff management. 5G is envisioned to provide even faster data rates and complete wireless communication with high performance.
The document provides an overview of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network technology. It discusses the goals and key features of LTE, including increased data rates, improved spectral efficiency, scalable bandwidths, OFDM modulation in the downlink, SC-FDMA in the uplink, and multiple antenna techniques. It also describes the LTE network architecture including the Evolved Packet Core and compares LTE to other technologies such as WiMAX.
LTE stands for Long term evolution.
Next Generation mobile broad band technology.
Commonly referred as 4G LTE,is a standard for wireless communication of high speed data for mobile phones and data terminals .
It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core network improvements.
LTE is the new standard for nationwide public safety broadband.
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) network architecture and technology. It discusses the drivers for LTE including higher data rates and lower latency. It describes the evolution from 3G networks to LTE, which features a simplified all-IP architecture without circuit-switched elements. Key aspects of LTE include OFDMA modulation, support for bandwidths up to 20 MHz, and peak data rates of 100 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream.
This presentation is for the people who are interested in mobile release and specifications announced by 3GPP every year, presentation cover all release up to release 12.
This document provides an overview of cellular network technologies from 1G to 4G. It summarizes the evolution from analog 1G networks to digital 2G networks, then to 2.5G and 3G networks with increased data capabilities. 4G networks are described as providing further increased throughput through advanced technologies like OFDMA. Key multiple access technologies like FDMA, TDMA, CDMA used in different generations are explained. Popular cellular standards GSM and CDMA are discussed in detail along with their network architecture and capabilities. The transition from 2G to 2.5G to 3G using technologies like GPRS, EDGE is outlined. The goals and applications of 4G networks are described as fully converged services on a range
4G technology in wireless communications and it's standards.
Prepared by : Ola Mashaqi ,, Suhad Malayshe
(A telecomm. Engineering Students)
Annajah National University
3G technologies enable higher bandwidth applications like video streaming and video calls by providing data rates up to 2Mbps. Common 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and EDGE which evolved from 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA. These standards use technologies such as wider bandwidths and advanced modulation to increase speeds while maintaining compatibility with existing network infrastructure. Over 100 mobile operators worldwide have deployed 3G networks using these standards.
3G provides higher bandwidth enabling new applications like video streaming and calling. Key 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA. These standards evolved from 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA to support higher data rates up to several megabits per second. The transition involved technologies like GPRS, EDGE, EV-DO, and HSPA that served as intermediates between 2G and full 3G.
3G technologies enable higher bandwidth applications like video streaming and video calls by providing data rates of 144kbps to 2Mbps. Major 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and EDGE which provide upgraded capabilities over 2G technologies. These standards have been adopted by over 100 mobile operators worldwide and continue to evolve through technologies like HSDPA and EV-DO to support even higher data speeds.
3G technologies enable higher bandwidth applications like video streaming and video calls by providing data rates up to 2Mbps. Common 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and EDGE which evolved from 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA. These standards use technologies such as wider bandwidths and advanced modulation to increase speeds while maintaining compatibility with existing network infrastructure. Over 100 mobile operators worldwide have deployed 3G networks using these standards.
3G provides higher bandwidth enabling new applications like video streaming and calling. Key 3G standards include WCDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA. These standards evolved from 2G technologies like GSM and CDMA to support higher data rates up to several megabits per second. The transition involved technologies like GPRS, EDGE, EV-DO, and HSPA that served as intermediates between 2G and full 3G.
Evolution of Wireless Communication TechnologiesAkhil Bansal
Detailed presentation on Wireless Communication Technologies.
The communication technology has evolved to provide lower latency network, faster and efficient data services.
LTE is an IP-based broadband network technology developed by 3GPP as an evolution of 3G mobile networks. It provides higher data rates and an improved end-to-end solution for delivery of voice, data and multimedia to users. Key aspects of LTE include support for wider channel bandwidths up to 20MHz, OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink, peak data rates of 100Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink, and backward compatibility with 2G and 3G networks. LTE Advanced further enhances LTE through the use of carrier aggregation to bond multiple component carriers, support for higher order MIMO up to 8x8, and theoretical peak data rates
This document discusses Long Term Evolution (LTE) as the 4G mobile broadband technology. It provides key specifications of LTE including peak download speeds of 173Mb/s, ultra-low latency below 100ms, support for up to 400 active users per 5MHz of spectrum, and mobility at speeds up to 450km/h. It also compares LTE to WiMAX and discusses options for allocating LTE spectrum in Iraq, including re-allocating the existing 40MHz improperly assigned band to improve spectrum efficiency.
3GPP is a standards organization that develops protocols for mobile telecommunications. It brings together seven telecommunications standards development organizations to agree on common standards for cellular technologies. 3GPP specifications include 2G, 3G and 4G radio systems as well as core network and service specifications. Releases define new versions of the 3GPP standards that add new features and technologies.
Similar to LTE Introduction - Hello World to LTE (20)
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
2. Table of Contents
Introduction to LTE
Introduction to Mobile Communication
Generations In Mobile Technology
Key Technology of LTE
LTE Targets
Architecture of LTE
Protocol Stack
LTE- Advantages
Major Applications
Current market scenario
Beyond LTE
Conclusion
References
3. Introduction to LTE
• It is broadband network technology beyond 3G
developed by 3GPP of release 8.
• Proposed by NTT DoCoMo of Japan in 2004
• Specification finalized in January 2008.
• Promises data transfer up to 100Mbps(Mobile).
7. 1G
• Analog FM – AMPS – Introduced in US
• Access Technique –Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
• Data rate : 9.6 kbps
• Three parts to the communications
– Voice channels
– Paging Channels
– Control Channels
Drawbacks :
Frequency
Poor voice quality
Poor hand-off
Limited capacity of the available spectrum
Non – Sharing Channel
8. 2G
• GSM, IS-136, IS-95 (CDMA one) standard introduced
• Digital modulation
• Due to digital error checking, sound quality increased
• Circuit Switched communication
• Data rate : 19.3 kbps
• SMS & E-mail feature introduced
• Drawbacks:
• Very Low data rate
• Limited internet browsing
• Weaker digital signal will not reach a cell tower in less populous
area
9. 2.5G
High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Circuit switched communication & Error Control
Speed from 14.4Kbps to 57.6Kbps
Good for real-time applications
Inefficient -> ties up resources
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
Uses 8PSK modulation
3x improvement in data rate on short distances
Requires New hardware & software
Data rate from 384Kbps to 547Kbps
General Packet Radio Services
Data rates up to ~ 171.2 kbps
Packet switched
resources not tied up all the time
Contention based.
Efficient
WAP introduced
GPRS
EDGE
HSCSD
GSM
9.6kbps (one timeslot)
GSM Data
GSM
10. 3G
ITU has defined the demands for third generation mobile network
with IMT-2000 standard.
Characteristics
– A single family of compatible standard that can be used
worldwide.
- Support for both packet-switched and circuit switched data
transmission
- Data rates up to 2 Mbps
- High spectrum efficiency
Supported technologies
– UMTS
– cdma2000
Currently they divided in to two 3g champs
– 3GPP – UMTS
– 3GPP2- cdma 2000
12. HSPA(Popularly known as 3.5G)
• Its an UMTS upgrade(Release 5/6)
• HS-DSCH(High Speed Downlink Shared Channel)
• HS-SCCH(High Speed Share control channel)
• Supports up to 21Mbps downlink and 5 Mbps uplink speed.
• Features
- Fast Scheduling
- Backward compatibility with 3G
- Enhanced Air Interface
13. LTE(Release 8/9)....
• 3GPP LTE is a project of the Third Generation Partnership
Project.
• Improves the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System) mobile phone standard.
14. Key technology of LTE
These two are the key technologies which enable LTE to have spectral
efficiency and High Speed communication
-OFDMA/SC-FDMA
-MIMO
Features :
• Reduced power consumption
• Higher RF power amplifier efficiency (less battery power used by
handsets)
• Fully packet switched domain
– No more circuit switched network
• Scalable bandwidth 1.4,3,5,10,15,20 MHz
15. LTE Targets
• Peak data rate
– 100 Mbps
• Up to 200 active users in a cell (5 MHz)
• Mobility
– Optimized for 0 ~ 15 km/h.
– 15 ~ 120 km/h supported with high performance.
• Enhanced multimedia broadcast service
• Spectrum flexibility: 1.25 ~ 20 MHz
• Duplexing supports FDD & TDD
• Spectral Efficiency – SC - FDMA & OFDMA
• Modulation type : QPSK,QAM
17. Main Elements and interfaces of LTE
• E-Node-B
– This is Node B element of UMTS with extra intelligence
– Latency improves as the job of RNC is done by E nB
– It usage OFDMA for downlink and SC-FDMA for uplink for User
equipment
• X2 Interface
– It is used to connect two E-nB
• S1 Interface
– E-nB usage S1-MME interface to connect MME (control plane )
– S1-U interface to connect S-GW(data plane)
– These two are collectively called S1 interface
• MME/S-GW(Memory management entity/Serving Gateway)
– Collectively called the EPC(Evolved packet network) or SAE(System
architecture evolution)
– Authentication
– Mobility management
– Packet routing and forwarding
22. Major Applications
• High speed multimedia
– like HD Video calling, Video on demand, On line gaming
• GPS
• Large data file transfer
• Automatic vehicle location
23. Current market scenario
World market:
Major commercial implementation in china, japan, America
Major players worldwide – NTT docomo, Verizon mobile
Major LTE handset makers- Samsung(new GALAXY series),
HTC(Thunderbolt series), Nokia(N8, E7)
Indian Market:
Bharti airtel, Aircel, Reliance, Tikona have the license
Currently, only airtel provides services in Bangalore, Pune and
Kolkata.
24. Beyond LTE...
• LTE-Advanced(considered as True 4G)
• Data rate : 100Mbps(High mobility) up to 3 Gbps
• Higher spectral efficiency
• Increased number of simultaneous active subscribers
• Backward compatible with LTEs
25. Conclusion
LTE is well positioned to meet the requirements of next-generation
mobile networks with existing 3GPP/3GPP2
operators.
It enables operators to offer high performance, mass-market
mobile broadband services.
LTE will be available not only in next-generation mobile phones
but also in notebooks, cameras.