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LED基础技术说明-PER_0401_LTE basic technology introduction_V1.10.ppt
- 1. LTE Basic Technology Introduction Name:××× E-mail :××× LTE Product Planning Dept. ZTE Corporation
- 2. Modification Records Edition DateWriter/Modifier Remark V1.00 2008-7-7 Li Liangbo LTE basic introduction establish V1.10 2008-12-28 Li Liangbo Update
- 3. Abbreviation Words LTE: LongTerm Evolution SAE: System Architecture Evolution EPC: Evolved Packet Core EPS: Evolved Packet System UMB: Ultra Mobile Broadband MBMS: Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function HSS: Home Subscriber Server MME: Mobile Management Entity SGW: Serving Gateway PGW: PDN Gateway PDCP: Packet Data Convergence Protocol RB: Resource Block BE: Best Effort SC-FDMA: Single Carrier-FDMA MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing SON: Self Organization Network SINR: Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
- 4. Mobile TechnologyOverview LTE Features & Performance ZTE LTE Network Solution
- 5. Wireless Broadband TechnologiesEvolution Multi-Standards Coexistence & Convergence Multi-frequency Coexistence Mobile Broadband, IP trend 2G 2.5G 2.75G 3G 3.5G 3.75G 3.9G GPRS EDGE eEDGE HSDPA R5 HSUPA R6 MBMS 4G MBMS CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO 802.16 e 802.16 m HSDPA HSPA+ R7 FDD/ TDD 4G GSM TD- SCDMA WCDMA R99 802.16 d CDMA IS95 CDMA 2000 1x LTE EV-DO Rev. A EV-DO Rev. B HSUPA
- 6. Technologies’ Comparison F F EATURE EATURE D D ATA RATE ATA RATE S S TANDARD TANDARD HSPA+ FDD WCDMA MIMO64QAM DL BW: 5MHz 43.2Mbps DL 2*2 5MHz 11.5Mbps UL 5MHz 2008. Q3 3G spectrum 16QAM UL LTE FDD OFDMA MIMO 64QAM 1.4 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 20MHz 326.4Mbps DL 4*4 20MHz 86.4Mbps UL 1*2 20MHz 2008. Q4 3G spectrum New spectrum SC-FDMA TDD 802.16e (WiMAX) TDD OFDMA MIMO 64QAM BW: 1.25 ~ 20MHz 63.36Mbps DL 2*2 10MHz 28.22Mbps UL 2*2 10MHz 2005.12 New spectrum
- 7. Viewpoints on LTE& WiMAX WiMAX was developed with main objective to offer IP based broadband internet services as Wireless DSL. Both WiMAX and LTE have adopted OFDM technology for downlink, but different technologies for uplink; LTE UL is SCFDMA, tailored for handheld terminals with careful consideration on the power consumption. LTE is the evolution of mainstream 3G networks. WiMAX has recently developed eco-system . WiMAX face with more spectrum challenges than LTE, because no unified spectrum available for WiMAX. Scattered and isolated TDD spectrum available for WiMAX (2.3, 3.5 GHz) WiMAX operators on adjacent bands need to be fully coordinated (out of regulator’s jurisdiction), or need more guard bands.
- 8. Commercial deployment timeof HSPA+ will be at 2009 or later, a little earlier than LTE. Commercial deployment time of HSPA+ will be at 2009 or later, a little earlier than LTE. Viewpoints on HSPA+ & LTE LTE DL/UL: OFDMA/SC-FDMA More than 300M/75Mbps peak data rate 5ms delay 4*4 MIMO DL/UL: 64QAM 1.4/3/5/10/15/20MHz HSPA+ Wide band CDMA 43M/11.5Mbps peak data rate 20~30ms delay 2*2 MIMO DL/UL: 64QAM/16QAM 5MHz 4G Peak Data Rate of HSPA+ is limited by 5MHz bandwidth. Peak Data Rate of HSPA+ is limited by 5MHz bandwidth. Using OFDM, LTE can obtain higher Peak Data Rate and lower Latency. Using OFDM, LTE can obtain higher Peak Data Rate and lower Latency.
- 9. 2005 2006 20072008 2009 LTE/SAE Standardization LTE start Work Item Start Study Item Stage 1 Finish Study Item Stage 3 Finish Study Item Stage 2 Finish First Market Application LTE standards of R8 will be frozen in Mar. 2009. The LTE-Advance feasibility study will start in Dec. 2009. LTE-Advance standards of R10 plans to be frozen in Sept. 2011. 2010
- 10. Mobile TechnologyOverview LTE Features & Performance ZTE LTE Network Solution
- 11. Better coverage Peak rate DL: 100Mbps UL:50Mbps Latency CP: 100ms UP: 5ms Lower CAPEX & OPEX Flexible band width Higher spectru m efficienc y LTE LTE Targets
- 12. LTE Structure MME /S-GW MME / S-GW X2 S1 Mobility Management Serving Gateway Interface between MME/SGW & eNode B EPC E- UTRAN Interface between eNode Bs Node B RNC + = eNode B EPS Only one Node in E-UTRAN – eNode B Evolved Packet Core – EPC Evolved Packet System – EPS Flexible band width Higher spectrum efficiency High peak rate, Lower latency eNode B X2 X2 eNode B eNode B Uu
- 13. SGi S4 S3 S1-MME PCRF S7 S6a HSS S10 UE GERAN UTRAN SGSN LTE-Uu E-UTRAN MME S11 S5 Serving Gateway PDN Gateway S1-U Operator's IP Services (e.g.IMS, PSS etc.) Rx+ LTE/SAE System Architecture Evolution PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function HSS: Home Subscriber Server MME: Mobile Management Entity
- 14. LTE/SAE Protocol Structure Signaling eNB PHY UE PHY MAC RLC MAC MME RLC NAS NAS RRCRRC PDCP PDCP APP UDP GTPU IP S1AP SCTP SGW IP UDP GTPU IP SCTP S1AP X2AP Data stream
- 15. LTE Radio Interface— User Plane Same structure as UMTS for PS domain eNB PHY UE PHY MAC RLC MAC S-GW PDCP PDCP RLC
- 16. LTE Radio Interface— Control Plane PDCP for signaling ciphering & integrity protection eNB MAC UE MAC RLC PDCP RLC MME PDCP NAS NAS RRC RRC PHY PHY
- 17. LTE RRC State SimplifiedRRC states Handover CELL_PCH URA_PCH CELL_DCH UTRA_Idle E-UTRA RRC_CONNECTED E-UTRA RRC_IDLE GSM_Idle/GPRS Packet_Idle GPRS Packet transfer mode GSM_Connected Handover Reselection Reselection Reselection Connection establishment/release Connection establishment/release Connection establishment/release CCO, Reselection CCO with NACC CELL_FACH CCO, Reselection
- 18. LTE Downlink andUplink Channel BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH PCH DL-SCH MCH BCH PBCH PDSCH PMCH Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels CCCH DCCH DTCH UL-SCH PRACH PUSCH Logical Channels Transport Channels Physical Channels RACH PUCCH Downlink Channels Uplink Channels
- 19. Large bandwidthand bandwidth flexibility •With bandwidth increases, the OFDMA signal remains orthogonal while CDMA perf ormance suffers due to increased multi-path components. •Dealing with different bandwidths in the same system is more flexible with OFDMA. Flat architecture •When packet scheduling is located in the base station, fast scheduling, including fr equency domain scheduling, can be applied to improve cell capacity. Frequency do main scheduling can be done in OFDMA but not in CDMA. Amplifier friendly uplink solution •Lower PAPR is achieved with SC-FDMA than OFDMA, which enables better power amplifier efficiency in the terminal. Simpler multi-antenna operation •MIMO is simpler to implement with OFDMA than with CDMA. Why is OFDMA/SC-FDMA?
- 20. Physical Layer MultipleAccess---What is OFDM ? OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, is a kind of multi-carrier transmission; In frequency domain, OFDM divide channel into some sub-channels overlapped between adjacent sub-channels. These sub-channels are orthogonal. High speed data can be decomposed into some low speed sub-data transmitted in parallel to contrast against fading caused by frequency selectivity. Implement of CP can undermine ISI caused by Delay Spread OFDM is sensitive to frequency deviation
- 21. Physical Layer MultipleAccess---DFT-spread OFDM Lower PAPR is achieved with SC-FDMA than OFDMA, which enables better power amplifier efficiency in the terminal; Small variations in the instantaneous power of the transmitted signal (‘single-carrier’ prop erty); Possibility for low-complexity high-quality equalization in the frequency domain; Possibility for FDMA with flexible bandwidth assignment.
- 22. Physical Layer MultipleAccess--- OFDMA: Downlink multiple access Up to 64 QAM can be used Resistance to multi-path interference by Cyclic Prefix. Friendly to MIMO. Sub-carriers Sub-frame Frequency Time Time frequency resource for User 1 Time frequency resource for User 2 Time frequency resource for User 3 System Bandwidth
- 23. Physical Layer MultipleAccess--- SC-FDMA: Uplink multiple access Up to 16 QAM can be used Single carrier modulation achieves lower Peak to Average Ratio (PAPR) FDMA is efficiently achieved through FFT operation 0 Single Carrier Sub-frame Frequency Time Time frequency resource for User 1 Time frequency resource for User 2 Time frequency resource for User 3 System Bandwidth
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- 25. OFDM and SC-FDMAComparision
- 26. Bandwidth Analysis Bandwidth= Sub-frame x No. of sub-frame in each RB x No. of RB Bandwidth of one sub-frame = 15KHz No. of sub-frame each RB = 12 Nominal Bandwidth (MHz) 1.4 3 5 10 15 20 Number of RB 6 15 25 50 75 100 Frequency Domain Real Bandwidth (MHz) 1.08 2.7 4.5 9 13.5 18
- 27. Peak Bit Rate With4 * 4 MIMO, the theoretical peak rate will reach 340 Mbps.
- 28. UE Categories Inorder to scale the development of equipment, UE categories have been defined to limit certain parameters The most significant parameter is the supported data rates: All figures provisional from TS 36.306 V8.0.0. The UE category must be the same for downlink and uplink.
- 29. Radio Frame Structure---FDD One radio frame of 10ms is separated to 10 sub-frame averagely; One sub-frame is composed of 2 slots, and one slot is 0.5ms; Any sub-frame could be uplink sub-frame or downlink sub-frame for transmission. #0 One radio frame Tf = 307200 TS = 10 ms One slot Tslot=15360×TS=0.5ms #1 One subframe …… …… #2 #17 #18 #19
- 30. Radio Frame Structure---ResourceBlock DL symb N OFDM symbols One downlink slot slot T 0 l 1 DL symb N l RB sc DL RB N N subcarriers RB sc N subcarriers RB sc DL symb N N Resource block resource elements Resource element ) , ( l k 0 k 1 RB sc DL RB N N k One physical resource block (RB) is composed of continuous symbols in time domain and continuous sub carriers in frequency domain. An d the and are decided by the type of CP and interval between diffe rent subcarriers. DL symb N RB sc N DL symb N RB sc N
- 31. Multi-Antenna Technology——MIMO Multi-antennaTechnology LTE adopts MIMO as multi-antenna technology LTE basic antenna configuration is DL 2*2 (Double Transmitters Double Receivers) and UL 1*2 (Single Transmitter Double Receivers). LTE maximum antenna configuration is 4 *4 (Quadruplex Transmitters Quadruplex Receivers). SIMO MIMO
- 32. LTE Key Technology---MIMOTheory Receiver Data stream Encode Encode Channel Interleave Channel Interleave Modulator QPSK 16QAM Modulator QPSK 16QAM Detector Detector MUX Data stream v12 v21 v11 v22 Trans mitter DeMUX MIMO Technologies include: Space multiplex (SM), Space division multiple ad dress (SDMA), Pre-coding, Rank-adaptation and open loop Tx diversity (STTD, mainly used to control the transmission of control signaling). The concrete technology is in consideration and not yet determined. Space multiplexing & space diversity leads to higher bit rate.
- 33. ICIC (Inter-CellInterference Coordination) Radio resource management (notably the radio resource blocks) to keep inter-cell interference under control SON Self Organization Network MBSFN MBMS Single Frequency Network Multi-vendor RAN Coordination of the eNode B from multiple vendors within one area … LTE Special Features
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- 35. SON Architectures SONarchitectures selection is based on use case 3 architectures feature ： Centralized ： in OAM Distributed ： in eNodeB Hybrid ： in OAM and eNodeB OAM SON eNodeB eNodeB Cell A Cell B OAM eNodeB SON eNodeB SON Cell A Cell B OAM SON eNodeB SON eNodeB SON Cell A Cell B Centralized SON Distributed SON Hybrid SON
- 36. SON Use Casesbased on Function SON is realized based on the OAM measurement and statistic Real time mornitor: KPI report in real time, subscriber and equipment trace OAM SON HW/Capacity extension 、 automatic NEM upgrade 、 compensation for outage higher level NE, Fast recovery of NEM S e l f C o n f i g u r a t i o n S e l f O p t i m i z a t i o n S e l f H e a l i n g M V R SON 1：NCL optimisation 2：Interference control 3：Handover parameter optimsation 4：QoS parameters optimisation 5：Load balancing 6：RACH load optimisation 1：Location, capacity and coverage 2：Planning radio para. 3：Planning transport para. 4：Setup of security tunnel 5：Node authentication 6：HW setup and SW download 7：Automatic Inventory 8：Self test 1：Fault management 2：Cell/service outage detection & compensation 3：Mitigation of unit outgage 1：Standardize S1/X2/itf-S 2：Network Sharing
- 37. SON Use CasesBased on Project Planning Deployment Operation Optimisation 1. Location of a new eNB 2. Radio parameters of a new eNB 3. Transport parameters of a new eNB 4. Security GW, MME and NEM and related param. 5. Automatic data alignment for all neighbour nodes 1. HW installation of eNB 2. Transmission setup 3. SW installation & upgrade 4. Node authentication 5. eNB configuration parameters 6. Self test 1. NCL configuration and optimisation 2. Interference control 3. Handover parameter optimisation 4. QoS related parameter optimisation 5. Load balacing 6. RACH load optimisation 1. Sevice failure 2. Cell outage compsation 3. Automated Fault correction 4. Automatic Inventory 5. Automatic SW download 6. Automated NEM upgrade 7. Real time PM 8. KPI reporting in real time 9. Fast recovery of NEM
- 38. MBMS Definition MBSFN Area Transmitting-OnlyCell MBMS Service Area MBSFN Area MBSFN Area MBSFN Area MBSFN Area Transmitting and Advertising Cell MBSFN Area Transmitting-Only Cell MBSFN Area Reserved Cell MBSFN operation is possible in both MBMS dedicated cell and U nicast/MBMS mixed cell. MBMS reception is possible for UEs in RRC_CONNECTED or RRC_IDLE states.
- 39. Mobile TechnologyOverview LTE Features & Performance ZTE LTE Network Solution
- 40. GSM forspeech WCDMA for speech, low or medium rate packet LTE for high rate packet Network Co-existence Case
- 41. LTE Mobility Management Cellreselection Cell update LTE intra-system mobility Intra-frequency handover Inter-frequency handover (same band) Inter-frequency handover (diff band) LTE <-> UTRAN inter-working Reselection LTE<-> UTRAN PS handover LTE->UTRAN PS handover UTRAN -> LTE LTE <-> GERAN inter-working Reselection LTE<-> GERAN eNACC LTE ->GERAN PS handover GERAN -> LTE LTE LTE GERAN GERAN LTE － >GERA N GERAN － >LTE LTE LTE UTRAN UTRAN LTE － >UTRAN UTRAN － >LTE eNode B eNode B LTE Intra-system HO eNode B eNode B
- 42. LTE Spectrum Re-farming& Migration LTE 2.6GHz UMTS 2.1G 2.1GHz 2.1GHz 2.6GHz 2.6GHz Re-farming LTE 2.1GHz UMTS 2.1GHz If spectrum re-farming is permitted by regulators, part of 900/1800M, and part of 2.1G should be considered for using as LTE spectrum. Technology neutral is a trend in many countries, making re-farming more and more possible. Bandwidth of 1.4/3 MHz for LTE is more feasible in the near term than 5 MHz for HSPA+, e.g. in 900 MHz band. GSM 900M/1.8G 900MHz/1.8GHz 900MHz/1.8GHz Re-farming LTE 900MHz/1.8GHz GSM/EDGE 900MHz/1.8GHz
- 43. ZTE LTE ProductDevelopment Strategy 2005 2007 SDR BS Platform 2009 GSM WCDMA TD-SCDMA CDMA WiMAX GSM WCDMA CDMA TD-SCDMA All IP Platform WiMAX LTE/SAE LTE Based on the mature unified base station platform, ensuring time-to-market Commercialization oriented from the beginning LTE TDD will be based on the same base band unit with LTE FDD ZTE BTS Platform Evolution One Access Platform ZTE Core Network Evolution One Core Platform
- 44. ZTE SDR Platform Mixture of different frequency bands Mixture of different systems Optimal TCO, investment protective Cellular band AWS band 700M band BBU RRU 900M Band 2.6G Band 2.1G Band GSM Module WCDMA Module UMB Service Module BBU RRU... LTE Module
- 45. 2. Software upgrade LTEsystem +10 years GSM system GSM/UMTS operators can build a new GSM/LTE network to replace the old GSM system. The existed UMTS network co-existence with GSM/LTE system. By software upgrade, the GSM spectrum can refarm to future single LTE system. 1. Replace by GSM/LTE dual-mode system 08’ Q4 launch LTE hardware ready Cost effective solution GSM LTE GSM/LTE Dual-mode Platform GSM/LTE Dual-mode System to Co-existence with UMTS G/L dual-mode ZTE SDR Platform
- 46. UMTS/LTE System GSM System 1.Build a new UMTS/LTE dual-mode system Existed GSM system 2. GSM replace by U/L system UMTS/LTE System LTE system 3. Software upgrade GSM operators can build a new U/L network to launch 3G first. The existed GSM network co-existence with U/L system. By software upgrade, the GSM spectrum can refarm to U/L system. UMTS/LTE Dual-mode System to Prove Future Evolution UMTS LTE UMTS/LTE dual-mode Platform
- 47. Single RAN SolutionBased SDR Platform Iub/Abis RRU @900/1.8GHz LTE, GSM, UMTS Baseband Unit RRU @2.1GHz BSC/RNC RRU@2.6GHz S1 IP based backhaul GSM & WCDMA CN & SAE LTE LTE & UMTS LTE & GSM Distributed system architecture Multimode operation GSM + UMTS GSM + LTE UMTS + LTE …
- 48. Summary Time Schedule ofSDR & LTE Trial and FMA Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Q1 Q3 Q2 Q4 Q1 Q3 Q2 Q4 08’ 10 – 09’ 05 SDR Field Trial 09’ 05 – 09’ 12 LTE First Commercial 08’ 9 – 10 SDR Lab Test 09’ 02 – 09’ 05 LTE Lab Test 2008 2009 ZTE is supporting all innovative technologies and committing ourselves to LTE R&D LTE is based on ZTE SDR platform, which provides a good continuity capability and flexibility during your network development
Editor's Notes
- #5 Remarks: 1.VF/TIM/Telenor/Telefonica will adopt WCDMA evolution to LTE FDD; 2.CMCC chose TD-SCDMA evolution to LTE TDD; 3.Telstra gave up CDMA 2000 EVDO and choose WCDMA evolution to LTE FDD; 4.Verizon chose EVDO Rev A evolution to LTE FDD; 5.Almost all the top 10 operators will choose LTE evolution.
- #6 Remarks: LTE has many advantages such as highest data rate, highest spectrum efficiency, various spectrum bands choice, etc; The UMB industry becomes very weak and even Qualcomm decided to give up continuous UMB R&D.
- #8 Issues with Migrating from Legacy RAN architecture to Flat RAN Architecture with HSPA+ eNodeBs HSPA+: 3GPP release 7 HSPA+: 3GPP Flat Architecture 64 QAM and 2*2 MIMO in release 8 ZTEs Recommendations: ZTE proposes that Flat Architecture with HSPA+ is not easy to realize. ZTE propose to move to LTE. Continue with HSPA+ using release 7 with Legacy Architecture One reason to go Flat with HSPA+ will be for PS domain but a hybrid network architecture increases the complexitiy of managing the network MIMO is not recommended with HSPA+ because it will require a change in NodeBs and existing handsets will not support the MIMO feature
- #11 CP: Control Plan UP: User Plan
- #13 PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function HSS: Home Subscriber Server
- #45 SDR solution-1：对于GSM/UMTS运营商，先期GSM/LTE替换现有GSM，再逐步演进到LTE。
- #46 SDR solution-2：对于GSM运营商，先期UMTS/LTE，再逐步替换GSM
- #47 SDR solution-3:GSM/UMTS针对VDF提出的single RAN概念，提出我们的解决方案