its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Structure and types of insect legs and identification of insect legs, Modification in insect legs - Cursorial leg(running leg), Ambulatorial leg(walking leg), Saltatorial leg(jumping leg), Scansorial leg(climbing leg), Fossorial leg(digging leg), Natatorial leg(swimming leg), Raptorial leg(grasping leg), Basket – like leg, Sticking leg, Foragial leg, Prolegs or False legs or Pseudolegs
Embryology is the branch of biology which deals with the growth and development of an embryo of
an organism, commencing with the union of male and female gametes.
Embryology includes the development of the fertilized egg and embryo and the growth of the organ
system.
Development of an insect from egg to adult can be divided into two parts
a.Early embryonic development - takes place inside the egg and
b. Post embryonic development – occurring outside the egg.
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspectsMogili Ramaiah
Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insect's life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability.
“State of arrested development in which the arrest is enforced by a physiological mechanism rather than by concurrently unfavorable environmental conditions”.
(Beck, 1962)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects : Why?
Structure and types of insect legs and identification of insect legs, Modification in insect legs - Cursorial leg(running leg), Ambulatorial leg(walking leg), Saltatorial leg(jumping leg), Scansorial leg(climbing leg), Fossorial leg(digging leg), Natatorial leg(swimming leg), Raptorial leg(grasping leg), Basket – like leg, Sticking leg, Foragial leg, Prolegs or False legs or Pseudolegs
Embryology is the branch of biology which deals with the growth and development of an embryo of
an organism, commencing with the union of male and female gametes.
Embryology includes the development of the fertilized egg and embryo and the growth of the organ
system.
Development of an insect from egg to adult can be divided into two parts
a.Early embryonic development - takes place inside the egg and
b. Post embryonic development – occurring outside the egg.
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspectsMogili Ramaiah
Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insect's life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability.
“State of arrested development in which the arrest is enforced by a physiological mechanism rather than by concurrently unfavorable environmental conditions”.
(Beck, 1962)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects : Why?
THIS DOCU IS FOR GRADE 6 PUPILS EXAMINATIONleicatapang
This file is for grade 6 pupil who will take their Second Quarter Examination. A reviewer will help them review because it is already summarized and completed and based on what has been discussed in the whole Second Quarter. It will make it easier and faster for them to understand the topics that have been talked.
Histology of the Digestive System III:
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Lecture presentation by Professor Tatiana Bororinkhina of First Moscow State Medical University
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
3. Organs : 1. Dorsal Vessel
The main pump is the pulsatile dorsal vessel
(`heart'). The anterior part may be called aorta and
the posterior part the heart.
The dorsal vessel is a simple tube, this tube runs
longitudinally through thorax and abdomen.
The anterior dorsal vessel – aorta
Posterior dorsal vessel - heart
4. Dorsal Vessel
Aorta :
extends anteriorly through the thorax and opens
behind or beneath the brain.
Heart:
Confined to abdomen
Closed at its posterior and divided segmentally into
chambers
First nine abdominal segments form a nine chambers
each with a pair of valves (lateral openings) called Ostia
Either side – wing shaped muscles – alary muscles
6. Dorsal diaphragm
Pericardial sinus
Perivisceral sinus
Perineural sinus
Ventral
diaphragm
Three compartments:
Pericardial sinus
Perivisceral sinus
Perineural sinus
Organs : 2. Haemocoel
Body cavity
Facilitate the
circulation of
blood
7.
8. 3. Pulsatile organs
Located near the base of the wings or legs
Muscular pumps act in conjunction with certain
body movements to force haemolymph out into the
farthest point
9. Composition of Haemolymph
Plasma
90% of insect haemolymph
Watery fluid, usually clear, sometimes greenish or yellowish
Plasma is an aqueous solution of inorganic ions, lipids, sugars
(mainly trehalose), amino acids, proteins, organic acids and
other compounds. pH is usually acidic (6.7).
Density is 1.01 to 1.06. Water content is 84-92 per cent.
Inorganic ions present are `Na' in predators and parasites,
`Mg' and `K‘ in phytophagous insects.
Carbohydrate is in the form of trehalose sugar.
Major proteins are lipoproteins, glycoproteins and enzymes.
Lipids in form of fat particles or lipoproteins.
In high altitude insects glycerol is present which acts as a anti
freezing compound.
Nitrogenous waste is present in the form of uric acid.
10. Haemocytes
1. Prohaemocyte - Smallest of all cells with largest
nucleus.
2. Plasmatocyte - (Phagocyte) aids in phagocytocis
3. Granular heamocyte - Contains large number of
cytoplasmic inclusions
4. Spherule cell - Cytoplasmic inclusions obscure
the nucleus
5. Cystocyte - (Coagulocyte) Role in blood
coagulation and plasma precipitation.
6. Oenocytoids - Large cells with ecentric nucleus
7. Adipo haemocytes - Round or avoid with distinct
fat droplets
8. Podocyte - Large flattened cells with number of
protoplasmic projections.
11.
12.
13. Functions
Transport and storage
Lubricant
Hydraulic medium: Hydrostatic pressure developed
due to blood pumping is useful in the following
processes.
i. Ecdysis (moulting)
ii. Wing expansion in adults
iii. Ecolosion in diptera (adult emergence from
the puparium using ptilinum)
iv. Eversion of penis in male insects
v. Eversion of osmeteria in papilionid larvae
vi. Eversion of mask in naiad of dragonfly
vii. Maintenance of body shape in soft bodied
14. Protection
Heat transfer
Maintenance of osmotic pressure
Reflex bleeding : Ex: Aphids
Functions
