The document describes the anatomy of the insect thorax and abdomen, detailing the three segments of the thorax (pro, meso, meta) and their respective sclerite structures. It highlights features such as the pterothorax, thoracic nota, sterna, and pleura, as well as the flexible structure of the abdomen composed of 9-11 interconnected segments. Additionally, it notes the presence of spiracles and genital structures in the abdominal segments.

1. INSECT THORAX
And abdomen

2. THORAX
 Middle tagma
 Three segmented - pro, meso and meta
 Meso and meta thorax with wing are called as
Pterothorax
 Thorax is made of three scleritic plates
1. dorsal body plate - Tergum or Nota
2. ventral body plate (Sterna)
3. lateral plate (Pleura)

3. THORACIC NOTA
 3 segments - pronotum, mesonotum & metanotum
respectively
 Pronotum - undivided & Saddle shaped in grass hopper,
Shield like in cockroach
 Pterothoracic notum - have 3 transverse sutures
(Antecostal, Pre scutal and Scuto-scutellar)
&5 tergites(Acrotergite, Prescutum, Scutum, Scutellum
and Post-scutellum)

4. THORACIC STERNA
 Vental body plate - prosternum,
mesosternum and metasternum
 Made up of a segmental plate called
Eusternun and a intersternite called Spinasternum
 Eusternum - made of three sclerites -
presternum, basisternum and sternellum

5. THORACIC PLEURA
 Lateral body wall between notum & sternum
 Selerites of pleuron is called as pleurites
 fuse to form Pleural plate
 Pleural plate is divided into anterior episternum
and posterior epimeron by Pleural suture
 Pterothoracic pleuron provides space for
articulation of wing and
 Two pairs of spiracles are also present in the
mesopleuron and metapleuron.

6. ABDOMEN
 Third and posterior tagma
 This tagma is made up of 9-11 Uromeres
(segments) and is highly flexible
 abdominal segments are interconnected by a
membrane called conjunctiva
 Each abdominal segment is made up of only two
sclerite
1. Tergum 2. Sternum

7. ABDOMEN
 Eight pairs of spiracles in - first eight
abdominal segments
 in addition to a pair of tympanum in the first
abdominal segment
 Eight and ninth segments - female genital
structure
 Ninth segment - male genital structure.
 Cerci

8. Thanks