Lec 4 measles, mumps, rubella, small pox & ulcer

1. Measles virus

2. A paramyxovirus that causes measles.
Presentation
Prodromal fever with cough, coryza, and
conjunctivitis, then eventually Koplik spots
(bright red spots with blue-white center on
buccal mucosa ), followed 1–2 days later by a
maculopapular rash that starts at the
head/neck and spreads downward with
occasional lymphadenitis.

3. Complications
1-SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis,
occurring years later),
2-Giant cell pneumonia (rarely, in
immunosuppressed) are possible sequelae.

5. 3 C’s of measles:
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis

6. Treatment:
Vitamin A supplementation can reduce
morbidity and mortality from measles,
particularly in malnourished children.


7. Rubella virus
A togavirus. Causes rubella, once known as German
(3-day) measles.

Presentation
Fever, postauricular and other lymphadenopathy,
arthralgias, and fine, confluent rash that starts on
face and spreads centrifugally to involve trunk and
extremities.

9. Mumps virus
A paramyxovirus that causes mumps, uncommon
due to effectiveness of MMR vaccine.
Presentation
Parotitis, Orchitis (inflammation of testes), aseptic
Meningitis, and Pancreatitis. Can cause sterility
(especially after puberty).

11. Poxvirus
 Small DNA virus causing Molluscum contagiosum—flesh-colored papule with
central umbilication
 Smallpox eradicated world wide by use of the live attenuated vaccine

12. ORAL APHTHOUS ULCERS
Aphthous ulcers are among the common oral
lesions in the general population.
Frequency is as high as 50%.
Usually occurs on lips, floor of mouth, ventral
surface of tongue, gums.

13. Etiology of Aphthous ulcer
Trauma and Stress
Systemic disease and nutritional deficiencies
Genetic predisposition
Immune disorders
Drug Induction

15. Treatment of Aphthous ulcer
Antimicrobial mouth washes : Used to control
microbial contamination and secondary infections.
Antibiotics (Tetracycline) and Anti-
septic(Chlorhexidine)
Topical Corticosteriods eg. Betamethasone.
Local Anesthetics eg. Lignocaine.

16. Thank you